The Dutch rediscover the Dutch-Africans (1847-1900) : : brother nation or lost colony? / / Andrew Burnett.

• Superior document: European Expansion and Indigenous Response ; 39
• VerfasserIn: Burnett, Andrew, Ph. D.,
• Place / Publishing House: Leiden : : Brill,, [2022]; ©2022
• Year of Publication: 2022
• Edition: 1st ed.
• Language: English
• Series: European Expansion and Indigenous Response ; 39.
• Physical Description: 1 online resource (328 pages)
• Notes: By exploring and connecting original sources in Dutch, Afrikaans and English this work illuminates an ignored and forgotten era of Dutch 19th century history – the Dutch dream of a second Netherlands in southern Africa.

Were the Dutch-Africans in southern Africa a brother nation to the Dutch or did they simply represent a lost colony? Connecting primary sources in Dutch and Afrikaans, this work tells the story of the Dutch stamverwantschap (kinship) movement between 1847 and 1900. The white Dutch-Africans were imagined to be the bridgehead to a broader Dutch identity – a ‘second Netherlands’ in the south. This study explores how the 19th century Dutch identified with and idealised a pastoral community operating within a racially segregated society on the edge of European civilisation. When the stamverwantschap dream collided with British military and economic power, the belief that race, language and religion could sustain a broader Dutch identity proved to be an illusion.

Table of Contents

General Series Editor’s Preface -- Acknowledgements -- List of Abbreviations, Notes on Currency Values and Translation -- Relevant Dates -- 1 Brother Nation or Lost Colony – Dutchness Re-imagined -- Introduction -- Theoretical Context -- Kinship -- Nation and Identity -- Imperialism -- Nationalism -- Cultural Nationalism -- Colony -- Colonial Nationalism -- Language -- Language, Literature and National Identity -- The View from Europe -- Imperialism and Colonialism in the Southern African Bridgeheads -- 2 Dutch Writing about the Dutch Role in Southern Africa -- Southern Africa in General Dutch Historiography -- Provincialism or Comparativism -- Dutch Imperialism in the Late Nineteenth Century? -- Re-thinking the Relationship between the Dutch and Their Former Colonies -- Religion and National Identity -- Kinship with the Dutch-Africans – Myth or Reality? -- Conclusion -- 3 The Dutch Look Back: The Birth of the Kinship Movement -- Introduction -- The Netherlands between 1795 and 1875 – a Period of Upheaval -- Looking Back to Past Glory -- Dutch National Identity -- The Liberal Decades -- A Colony Lost – the View from Europe -- Two groups of Dutch-Africans -- Stamverwantschap—the Early Years—1840 to 1875 -- Ulrich Gerhard Lauts -- Lauts Takes the Initiative -- Lauts Lobbies the Dutch Parliament -- Lauts’ Legacy -- The Dutch Government Mid-1850s – Tentative Engagement -- Jacobus Stuart -- Child Migration 1855–1870 -- The links sustained by education -- Hendrik Hamelberg – the Importance of Personal Experience -- Conclusion -- 4 ‘There Exists a Second Netherlands’ -- Introduction -- The Role of the Dutch Protestant Churches among the Dutch-Africans -- Dutch Newspapers and Burgers -- Burgers, the Man and His Vision -- Burgers’ Vision Reinforced by a Treaty and by Hamelberg -- The Unmaking of Burgers -- A Dopper Pastor Pours Cold Water on Enthusiasm -- Dutch-Africans Attacked from ‘the left’ -- Metropoles Compared -- The imperious British Attitude Towards the Dutch Regarding Southern Africa -- The Imbalance in Shipping and Communications -- Stamverwantschap Faces the Assertion of British power -- Conclusion -- 5 Dutch Reaction to the Annexation of the Transvaal -- Introduction -- A measured Initial Response to the Annexation -- Pleasure over Burgers’ Demise -- Sand River Convention – Sovereignty and Slavery -- Slavery in the Transvaal Republic– the Evidence -- The Dutch Respond to British Claims -- Dutch Supporters Characterise the Allegations as Propaganda -- Neo-Calvinist Development of the Kinship Ideology -- Dutch Reactions Harden and Protest Begins -- Dutch-Africans don’t Deserve Our Support – Another Liberal View -- The Dutch Government Responds – the Neutrality Policy -- The Dutch ‘Official Mind’ Remains Neutral -- Conclusion -- 6 Transvaal Rebellion Succeeds: Greater Influence for Stamverwantschap -- Introduction -- The Vision Survives – Excitement Builds -- New Symbols of Dutchness -- Harting’s Seminal Publication -- Liberal Appeals to Reason and Fairness -- A Prominent Liberal Looks Back in Anger -- Neutrality Trumps Stamverwantschap Again in Parliament -- Attacking Neutrality in the Lower House -- A New Figure in the Stamverwantschap Movement -- Women and the Stamverwantschap Movement -- The Creation of the Nederlandsche Zuid-Afrikaansche Vereeniging -- Harting’s Vision -- Conclusion -- 7 Rebuilding the Broken Link – the Jonkman Report -- Introduction -- Institutionalised Stamverwantschap – Initial Difficulties -- The Liberals Require Direct Contact -- The Jonkman Mission – A Divide Exposed -- The Jonkman Visit -- Nostalgia -- Dutch Migration Needed -- Connecting with Colonial Society -- In the Oranje Vrijstaat.

In Kruger’s Republic -- Colonial Nationalism Identified -- Jonkman’s Assessment of S. J. du Toit -- Jonkman’s Published Conclusions -- Lessons from the Jonkman Report -- Conclusion -- 8 President Kruger visits: Dutch Capital Markets Fail Him -- Introduction -- Dutch National Press and English Anti-Boer Propaganda -- Divisions in the Dutch Welcoming Party -- Receptions for the Deputation -- Controversy at Plancius – Kuyper’s Speech -- A purpose and Identity for Calvinist Christians in Africa -- A Liberal Response -- A Declining Role for Kuyper -- Inter-governmental Links with the Dutch-Africans Not Yet Established -- Sobering Impact of Jorissen’s Dismissal -- Jorissen’s Bold Plan -- Investing in the Stamverwanten – a Bad Start by the Koch Brothers -- Testing the Dutch Capital Markets -- Background to Dutch Capital Raising -- Harting Appeals for Support for the Capital Raising -- Investors’ Questions – Meeting at the Odeon -- Sovereign Risk? -- Sovereign Risk Fears Stronger than Kinship -- 1884 – a Reality Check for the Stamverwantschap Movement -- Beyond 1884 – NZASM Funds, Builds and Operates the ZAR Railways -- Conclusion -- 9 Emigration to Southern Africa – Touchstone for Kinship? -- Introduction -- Part 1: Nineteenth-Century Dutch Emigration in a Northern European Context -- Part 2: How the Dutch Failed Their Stamverwanten -- Conclusion -- 10 Educating the Dutch-Africans: A Civilising Mission, or Cultural Imperialism? -- Introduction -- Stamverwantschap as a Vehicle for Cultural Betterment -- Introducing Three Missionaries for Dutch Culture -- Conclusion -- 11 Stamverwantschap Imagined through Language and Literature -- Introduction -- Language as the Conduit for Expansion of National Identity -- ‘A Message to the Dutch People’ -- Mixed Messages from the Stamverwanten -- What Dutch Adults Were Reading -- Cor Pama Collection -- Adult Fiction and Poetry -- Bitterness and Accusations -- Stories for Children -- Dutch Caricatures and Cartoons -- Romance and Heroism -- Poetry, Literary Criticism and the Boer as Symbol -- Myth or an Artistic Reaction to Reality? -- Conclusion -- Conclusion -- Bibliography -- Index.