State immunity and the violation of human rights /

State immunity and the violation of human rights / / Jürgen Bröhmer.

The field of international human rights has been one of the most prominent and dynamic areas of public international law in recent decades. At the same time the law of state immunity, albeit less prominent, has also been subjected to a process of dynamic change. The principle of absolute immunity of...

Full description

Saved in:
Bibliographic Details
Superior document:International Studies in Human Rights ; 47
VerfasserIn:
Bröhmer, Jürgen,
Place / Publishing House:The Hague, The Netherlands ;, Boston, Massachusetts : : Martinus Nijhoff Publishers,, [1997]
©1997
Year of Publication:1997
Language:English
Series:International Studies in Human Rights ; 47.
Physical Description:1 online resource.
Tags: Add Tag
No Tags, Be the first to tag this record!
Table of Contents:
  • Intro
  • Title Page
  • Copyright Page
  • Table of Contents
  • PREFACE
  • ABBREVIATIONS
  • CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION
  • I. The Problem of State Immunity in General
  • II. State Acts Constituting Torts under Domestic Law
  • III. The Scope and Objective of this Study
  • IV. Reasons for State Immunity
  • 1. Overview
  • 2. State Immunity and Sovereignty
  • V. History and Development of Sovereign Immunity
  • 1. The Origins of the Immunity Concept
  • 2. The Absolute Doctrine of lmmunity
  • 3. The Restrictive Doctrine of Immunity
  • a) General Overview
  • b) Early Developments of a Torts Exception to Immunity
  • 4. An Attempt to Explain the Shift
  • VI. Immunity from Adjudication and Immunity from Attachment and Execution
  • VII. State Immunity and Related Immunities and Privileges
  • 1. Immunity of International Organisations
  • 2. Diplomatic and Consular Immunity
  • 3. Immunity of Heads-of-state
  • 4. Immunity of States as Occupational Powers
  • VIII. Related Concepts
  • 1. Jurisdiction
  • a) The General Concept of Jurisdiction in International Law
  • b) Immunity and Jurisdiction
  • 2. The Act-of-State Doctrine
  • a) Scope and Content of the Act-of-State Doctrine
  • b) The Torture Victim Protection Act of 1991
  • 3. Immunity and Criminal Jurisdiction
  • 4. The Alien Tort Claims Act in the United States
  • CHAPTER 2: THE CURRENT LEGAL SITUATION
  • I. National Statutes on Sovereign Immunity and their Application in Court Practice
  • 1. The FSIA of the United States
  • a) General Outline
  • b) Tortious Conduct under the FSIA
  • (1) Torts and the Gestionis/Imperii-Distinction
  • (2) Territorial Nexus and the Relationship Tort-Commercial Activity
  • (a) Frolova v. Union of Soviet Socialist Republics
  • (b) Cases against Iran
  • (c) Nelson v. Saudi Arabia
  • (3) The FSIA and Violations of lnternational Law
  • (a) The FSIA's Expropriation Exception.
  • (b) A Genuine Immunity Exception for Human Rights Violations?
  • (aa) Von Dardel v. Union of Soviet Socialist Republics
  • (bb) Hugo Princz v. Federal Republic of Germany
  • c) Evaluation
  • 2. The SIA of the United Kingdom
  • a) General Outline
  • b) The Torts Exception
  • c) Human Rights Violations: The Al-Adsani case
  • d) Evaluation
  • 3. Australia
  • 4. Canada
  • 5. Other Countries
  • a) Argentina
  • b) Singapore
  • c) South Africa
  • d) Pakistan
  • II. Jurisprudence in Countries without Immunity Statutes
  • 1. Germany
  • a) General Outline
  • b) Immunity and Torts
  • c) Evaluation
  • 2. France
  • a) General Outline
  • b) Immunity and Torts
  • c) Evaluation
  • 3. Other Countries
  • a) Austria
  • b) Switzerland
  • c) Italy
  • d) Spain
  • III. The European Convention on State Immunity
  • IV. Other Conventions and Treaties
  • V. Draft Proposals for Multilateral Conventions
  • 1. The International Law Commission
  • a) General Outline
  • b) The Torts Exception
  • c) Evaluation
  • 2. The International Law Association
  • a) General Outline of the ILA's 1982 Montreal Draft as Revised in Buenos Aires 1994
  • b) The Torts Exception
  • (1) Art. III F MD
  • (2) Art. III G MD
  • c) Evaluation
  • 3. The Basel Draft of the Institut de Droit International
  • a) General Outline
  • b) The Torts Exception
  • c) Evaluation
  • 4. The Inter-American Draft Convention on Jurisdictional Immunity of States
  • a) General Outline
  • b) The Torts Exception
  • c) Evaluation
  • VI. Conclusion
  • CHAPTER 3: DEVELOPING THE CASE AGAINST IMMUNITY
  • I. The Protection of Individuals in International Law
  • 1. The Treatment of Aliens
  • 2. Fundamental Human Rights as Jus cogens
  • 3. The Individual as a Subject of lnternational Law
  • 4. Direct Applicability of lnternational Law.
  • II. Practical Effects of the Increased Significance of Human Rights and the Individual in other Areas of lnternational Law
  • 1. Diplomatic Protection
  • a) Function and Scope
  • b) The Principles of Nationality and Exhaustion of Local Remedies
  • c) Conclusion
  • 2. The European Convention on Human Rights
  • a) Introduction
  • b) General Remarks on the Scope and Procedure of the ECHR
  • c) The ECHR and State Immunity
  • (1) Introduction
  • (2) The Relationship Between State Immunity and the ECHR in Theory and Practice
  • (a) Literature
  • (b) Practice
  • (3) Evaluation
  • d) The Relationship between the ECHR and State Immunity: A Proposal
  • (1) Art. 13 ECHR
  • (a) The Interpretation of Art. 13 in General
  • (b) Art. 13 Inherently Limited?
  • (c) The Nationality of the Authority called upon in Art. 13 ECHR
  • (d) Conclusion
  • (2) Art. 6 ECHR
  • (a) The Right of Access to a Court
  • (b) The Meaning of "Civil Rights and Obligations
  • (c) Fair Trial and Equality of Arms
  • (3) Result
  • III. Conclusion
  • CHAPTER 4: RECONCILING HUMAN RIGHTS AND STATE IMMUNITY
  • I. Solutions Proposed by Other Authors
  • 1. "Implied Waiver" of Immunity for Violations of International Law?
  • 2. Restricting Immunity as a "Reprisal
  • 3. "Forfeiture" of Sovereign Rights
  • 4. Reimann's Proposal in the Wake of the Princz Case
  • II. An Attempt to Reevaluate Fundamental Individual Interests and Collective Sovereignty Interests
  • 1. Again: State Immunity and Sovereignty
  • a) Option and Risk Calculability as Criteria to Distinguish Between Immune and Non-Immune Conduct
  • b) The Optional Element in the Context of Human Rights Violations
  • c) Risk Calculability in the Context of Human Rights Violations
  • d) Conclusion
  • 2. Different Solutions for Different Types of Human Rights Violations?.
  • a) The Relationship Between the Nature and Quantity of the Human Rights Violations and State Immunity
  • b) Conclusion and Application to Specific Cases
  • c) Possible Solutions for Borderline Cases
  • d) Proposal for a Draft Article on an Exception to Immunity from Adjudication in Cases Involving Violations of Jus Cogens Human Rights
  • SUMMARY
  • BIBLIOGRAPHY
  • INDEX
  • International Studies in Human Rights.

Similar Items