Sea-bed energy and minerals. : the international legal regime / / Volume 2, : Sea-bed mining : / E. D. Brown.

• Superior document: Sea-bed Energy and Minerals ; 2
• VerfasserIn: Brown, E. D.
• Place / Publishing House: The Hague : : Martinus Nijhoff Publishers,, [2001]; ©2001
• Year of Publication: 2001
• Language: English
• Series: Sea-bed Energy and Minerals ; 2.
• Physical Description: 1 online resource.

Table of Contents

Intro -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Table of Contents -- PREFACE -- TABLE OF CASES -- TABLE OF UN AND UNCLOS RESOLUTIONS -- TABLE OF STATUTES AND OTHER MUNICIPAL INSTRUMENTS -- TABLE OF TREATIES AND INTERNATIONAL REGULATIONS -- TABLE OF THE MINING CODE -- TABLES AND FIGURES -- ABBREVIATIONS -- Part 1 INTRODUCTION -- CHAPTER 1 Introduction -- I THE SCOPE OF VOLUME 2 -- II THE STATUS OF THE UN CONVENTION -- 1. Entry into force and transitional arrangements -- 2. Breakthrough to universality? Current status -- CHAPTER 2 The common heritage of mankind as a fundamental principle: ideology or reality? -- I INTRODUCTION: FUNDAMENTAL PRINCIPLES IN CONFLICT -- 1. Freedom of the seas versus sovereignty: the classical conflict -- 2. Freedom of the seas versus common heritage of mankind: a modem conflict -- II THE FREEDOM OF THE HIGH SEAS VERSUS THE COMMON HERITAGE OF MANKIND: THE CONFLICT IN HISTORICAL PERSPECTIVE -- 1. The pre-1967 debate -- 2. The freedom of the high seas -- III THE EFFECT OF DEVELOPMENTS AFTER 1967 -- 1. The Maltese initiative -- 2. General Assembly resolutions -- 3. The Charter of Economic Rights and Duties of States, 1974 -- 4. The UNCTAD Resolution of 17 September 1978 -- 5. Group of 77 statements -- 6. Practice of the industrialised States -- 7. The UN Convention on the Law of the Sea, 1982 -- IV CONCLUSIONS -- Part 2 THE UNITED NATIONS REGIME OF SEA-BED MINING -- CHAPTER 3 The UN Convention regime of sea-bed mining: I. The principles of the regime -- I THE FUNDAMENTAL PRINCIPLE: THE COMMON HERITAGE OF MANKIND -- 1. Ideological milieu - the significance of the Preamble -- 2. Scope of the common heritage of mankind ratione loci -- 3. Scope of the common heritage of mankind ratione materiae -- 4. Scope of the common heritage of mankind ratione temporis: limited scope for amendment.

5. Scope of the common heritage of mankind ratione personae -- II LEGAL STATUS OF THE AREA AND ITS RESOURCES -- III GENERAL CONDUCT OF STATES -- USE FOR PEACEFUL PURPOSES -- NON-DISCRIMINATION -- IV BENEFIT OF MANKIND -- V RESPONSIBILITY TO ENSURE COMPLIANCE AND LIABILITY FOR DAMAGE -- 1. State responsibility -- 2. Responsibility of international organisations -- VI RIGHTS AND LEGITIMATE INTERESTS OF COASTAL STATES -- VII MARINE SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH -- VIII TRANSFER OF TECHNOLOGY -- 1. The principle stated -- 2. Mechanisms for transfer of technology -- IX PROTECTION OF THE MARINE ENVIRONMENT -- X PROTECTION OF HUMAN LIFE -- XI ACCOMMODATION OF ACTIVITIES IN THE AREA AND IN THE MARINE ENVIRONMENT -- XII PARTICIPATION OF DEVELOPING STATES IN ACTIVITIES IN IBE AREA -- XIII ARCHAEOLOGICAL AND HISTORICAL OBJECTS -- CHAPTER 4 The UN Convention regime of sea-bed mining: II. The basic regime for the development of the resources of the Area -- I 'POLICIES RELATING TO ACTIVITIES IN THE AREA': UN CONVENTION, ARTICLE 150 -- II NON-DISCRIMINATION BY THE AUTHORITY: UN CONVENTION, ARTICLE 152 -- III TITLE TO MINERALS: UN CONVENTION, ANNEX III, ARTICLE 1 -- IV PROSPECTING: UN CONVENTION, ANNEX III, ARTICLE 2 AND MINING CODE, PART II -- 1. Prospecting defined -- 2. UN Convention, Annex III, Article 2 -- 3. The Mining Code, Part II -- V THE SYSTEM OF EXPLORATION AND EXPLOITATION: WHO MAY EXPLORE AND EXPLOIT THE RESOURCES OF THE AREA -- PLANS OF WORK: UN CONVENTION, ARTICLE 153 AND ANNEX III, ARTICLES 3-6, AS MODIFIED BY THE IMPLEMENTATION AGREEMENT -- 1. Article 153: the background -- 2. Rôle of Authority -- 3. Who may carry out activities? -- 4. Plans of work -- 5. Security of tenure for contractors -- VI PRODUCTION POLICIES: UN CONVENTION, ARTICLE 151 AND IMPLEMENTATION AGREEMENT, ANNEX, SECTION 6.

1. Unfair economic practices - UN Convention, Article 151(8) and Section 6 of Annex to the Implementation Agreement -- 2. Economic assistance to developing countries - UN Convention, Article 151(10) and Section 6 of Annex to the Implementation Agreement -- VII RESERVATION OF SITES (THE 'BANKING' SYSTEM): RIGHTS, OBLIGATIONS AND OPPORTUNITIES OF OPERATORS OTHER THAN THE ENTERPRISE IN RELATION TO RESERVED SITES: ANNEX III, ARTICLES 8, 9 AND 11 AND IMPLEMENTATION AGREEMENT, ANNEX, SECTION 1(10) -- VIII FINANCIAL TERMS OF CONTRACTS: UN CONVENTION, ANNEX III, ARTICLE 13 AND IMPLEMENTATION AGREEMENT, ANNEX, SECTIONS -- 1. The objectives of the financial terms of contracts: UN Convention, Annex III, Article 13(1) -- 2. Types of payment envisaged: UN Convention, Annex III, Article 13(2)-(10) and the Implementation Agreement, Annex, Section 8(1) and (3) -- 3. Accounting and audit -- 4. Currency of payments or payments in kind -- 5. Disputes over financial terms of contracts -- IX TRANSFER OF DATA: UN CONVENTION, ANNEX III, ARTICLE 14 -- X TRAINING PROGRAMMES: UN CONVENTION, ANNEX III, ARTICLE 15 -- XI EXCLUSIVE RIGHT TO EXPLORE AND EXPLOIT: UN CONVENTION, ANNEX III, ARTICLE 16 -- XII RULES, REGULA TIO NS AND PROCEDURES OF THE AUTHORITY: UN CONVENTION, ANNEX III, ARTICLE 17 -- XIII PENALTIES: UN CONVENTION, ANNEX III, ARTICLE 18 -- XIV 'RESPONSIBILITY OR LIABILITY': UN CONVENTION, ANNEX III, ARTICLE 22 -- 1. The liability of the contractor -- 2. The liability of the Authority -- XV REVISION OF CONTRACT: UN CONVENTION, ANNEX III, ARTICLE 19 -- XVI TRANSFER OF RIGHTS AND OBLIGATIONS: UN CONVENTION, ANNEX III, ARTICLE 20 -- XVII APPLICABLE LAW: UN CONVENTION, ANNEX III, ARTICLE 21 -- XVIII RESOURCES OF THE AREA OTHER THAN POLYMETALLIC NODULES -- CHAPTER 5 The UN Convention regime of sea-bed mining III. The Mining Code: exploration.

I THE APPLICATION FOR A PLAN OF WORK FOR EXPLORATION -- 1. Who may make an application for a plan of work for exploration -- 2. The content of the application -- 3. Fee for applications -- 4. Processing of applications -- II THE CONTRACT FOR EXPLORATION -- 1. The contract -- III PROTECTION AND PRESERVATION OF THE MARINE ENVIRONMENT -- IV CONFIDENTIALITY OF DATA AND INFORMATION -- 1. What constitutes confidential data and information -- 2. Limitations on use by Authority of confidential data and information -- 3. Period of confidentiality -- 4. Procedures to ensure confidentiality -- 5. Standard contractual clause on confidentiality -- V SETTLEMENT OF DISPUTES -- CHAPTER 6 The UN Convention regime of sea-bed mining: IV. The pioneer investor scheme -- I ORIGINS AND RAISON D'ETRE -- II THE ORIGINAL PIONEER INVESTOR SCHEME -- 1. Registration as a pioneer investor -- 2. Approval of plans of work -- 3. Production Authorisations -- III THE DEVELOPMENT AND ADAPTATION OF THE PIONEER INVESTOR SCHEME -- 1. The Preparatory Commission: responsibilities, organs, rules and procedures -- 2. The preparation of the rules for the implementation of the pioneer investor scheme: the Preparatory Commission's 1984 session -- 3. The obligation to avoid overlapping areas: the original provisions of Resolution II -- 4. State practice 1982-84 and the Provisional Understanding of 3 August 1984 -- 5. The Understanding on Resolution of Conflicts Among Applicants for Registration as Pioneer Investors of 31 August 1984 -- 6. The Arusha Understanding of 7 February 1986 and the New York Understanding of 5 September 1986 -- 7. The 'Midnight Agreement' of 14 August 1987 -- 8. The Understanding on Pioneer Investors' Obligations of 30 August 1990 -- 9. The Chinese pioneer investor application, 1990-91 -- 10. Application by East European States and Cuba, 1991.

11. Application by the Republic of Korea, 1994 -- IV THE 1994 IMPLEMENTATION AGREEMENT AND THE PIONEER INVESTOR SCHEME -- 1. Plans of work of registered pioneer investors: provisions of the Implementation Agreement and the Mining Code -- 2. Approval of plans of work of registered pioneer investors: progress report -- 3. Monitoring fulfilment of obligations by registered pioneer investors and their certifying States: from the Preparatory Commission to the Authority -- CHAPTER 7 The UN Convention regime of sea-bed mining: V. The UN regime versus the reciprocating States regime: a compromise solution -- I INTRODUCTION -- II THE RECIPROCATING STATES REGIME AND THE UN CONVENTION REGIME COMPARED -- 1. Reasons for and legal basis of 'interim' legislation and relationship to principle of common heritage of mankind embodied in UN Convention -- III THE CO-ORDINATION OF THE LEGISLATION OF THE RECIPROCATING STATES -- 1. The Agreement Concerning Interim Arrangements Relating to Polymetallic Nodules of the Deep Sea Bed, 1982 -- 2. The Provisional Understanding Regarding Deep Sea-bed Matters, 1984 -- IV THE INCOMPATIBILITY OF THE TWO REGIMES -- 1. The differences between the two regimes -- 2. A denial of the common heritage principle? -- V MODUS VIVENDI BETWEEN THE TWO REGIMES -- 1. Scope of modus vivendi rationae personae -- 2. Scope of modus vivendi ratione materiae -- 3. Scope of modus vivendi ratione temporis -- VI THE IMPACT OF THE IMPLEMENTATION AGREEMENT ON THE RECIPROCATING STATES REGIME -- CHAPTER 8 The UN Convention regime of sea-bed mining: VI. The institutional framework -- I THE ESTABLISHMENT AND PURPOSE OF THE AUTHORITY -- II THE ORGANS OF THE AUTHORITY -- 1. The principal organs -- 2. The Enterprise -- 3. Financial arrangements of Authority -- 4. Legal status, privileges and immunities of the Authority.

5. Suspension of rights of members of the Authority.