Penal Aspects of the un Drug Conventions / / Neil Boister.

• VerfasserIn: Boister, Neil,
• Place / Publishing House: The Hague, The Netherlands : : Kluwer Law International,, [2000]; ©2000
• Year of Publication: 2000
• Edition: First edition.
• Language: English
• Physical Description: 1 online resource (636 pages)

Table of Contents

Intro -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Dedication -- Table of Contents -- Acknowledgements -- Abbreviations -- Table of Drug Conventions -- Table of International Documents -- Table of National Laws, Regulations and Reports -- Table of Cases -- 1 Introduction -- 1.1 The international drug conventions -- 1.2 Legal prohibition in national and international drug policy -- 1.3 The contours of the international "consensus" on the application of drug prohibition through international law -- 1.4 Sovereignty limitations on the application of drug prohibition through international law -- 1.5 Towards direct international control: drug offences as international crimes -- 1.6 The individual in the system -- 1.7 The purpose, structure and method of this book -- 2 The History of the International Legal Regulation of Drugs -- 2.1 The introduction of international drug control -- 2.2 Early legal developments -- 2.3 International drug control under the League of Nations -- 2.4 The 1936 Geneva Convention -- 2.5 The United Nations assumes control -- 2.6 The 1961 Single Convention -- 2.7 The 1971 Psychotropic Convention -- 2.8 The 1972 Protocol to the 1961 Convention -- 2.9 New concerns and new responses in international drug control -- 2.10 Development of the 1988 United Nations Drug Trafficking Convention -- 2.11 Overview of the 1988 Convention -- 2.12 International drug control from 1987 to the present -- 2.13 Conclusion -- 3 Offences and Penalties -- 3.1 General -- 3.2 Offences -- 3.2.1 Introduction -- 3.2.2 The offences stipulated by the 1961 Convention as amended by the 1972 Protocol -- 3.2.2.1 General -- 3.2.2.2 Article 36(1)'s standard offences -- 3.2.2.3 Complicity, inchoate offences and 'financial operations' under the 1961 Convention -- 3.2.2.4 The 1961 Convention's offences appraised -- 3.2.3 The offences stipulated by the 1971 Convention.

3.2.3.1 General -- 3.2.3.2 Article 22(1)(a)'s standard offences -- 3.2.3.3 Complicity, inchoate offences and 'financial operations' under the 1971 Convention -- 3.2.3.4 The 1971 Convention's offences appraised -- 3.2.4 The 1988 Convention's offences -- 3.2.4.1 General -- 3.2.4.2 Supply related offences under the 1988 Convention -- 3.2.4.2.1 The offences created by article 3(1) of the 1988 Convention generally -- 3.2.4.2.2 The standard trafficking offences -- 3.2.4.2.3 The cultivation offence -- 3.2.4.2.4 The offences of possession or purchase of drugs for the purposes of trafficking -- 3.2.4.2.5 The offences of manufacturing, transporting or distributing equipment, materials, precursor substances or essential chemicals knowing that they are to be used in drug trafficking offences -- 3.2.4.2.6 The offences of the organisation, management or financing of drug trafficking -- 3.2.4.2.7 Money laundering offences -- 3.2.4.2.8 Offences relating to the handling of property derived from drug trafficking -- 3.2.4.2.9 Offences relating to the possession of equipment, materials, precursor substances or essential chemicals to be used in the illicit cultivation, production or manufacture of drugs -- 3.2.4.2.10 Incitement or induction offences -- 3.2.4.2.11 Inchoate offences and complicity -- 3.2.4.3 Demand related offences under the 1988 Convention -- 3.2.4.4 The 1988 Convention's penal provisions appraised -- 3.2.5 Conclusion - criticisms of the provisions for offences -- 3.3 Penalties -- 3.3.1 Introduction -- 3.3.2 Penalty provisions under the 1961 Convention -- 3.3.2.1 General -- 3.3.2.2 Penalties for article 36(1) offences -- 3.3.2.3 Penalties for complicity, inchoate offences and 'financial operations' under the 1961 Convention -- 3.3.2.4 Recidivism under the 1961 Convention -- 3.3.2.5 Confiscation as punishment.

3.3.2.6 Alternatives to punishment in the 1961 Convention -- 3.3.3 Penalty provisions under the 1971 Convention -- 3.3.3.1 General -- 3.3.3.2 Penalties for article 22(1)(a) offences -- 3.3.3.3 Penalties for complicity, inchoate offences and 'financial operations' under the 1971 Convention -- 3.3.3.4 Recidivism under the 1971 Convention -- 3.3.3.5 Confiscation as a punishment under the 1971 Convention -- 3.3.3.6 Alternatives to punishment under the 1971 Convention -- 3.3.4 Alternatives to punishment inserted in the 1961 Convention by the 1972 Protocol -- 3.3.5 Penalty and related provisions under the 1988 Convention -- 3.3.5.1 General -- 3.3.5.2 Penalties for article 3(1) offences -- 3.3.5.3 Factors aggravating the punishment of article 3(1) offences -- 3.3.5.4 Plea-bargaining -- 3.3.5.5 Parole for article 3(1) offences -- 3.3.5.6 Statutes of limitation -- 3.3.5.7 Presence of alleged offenders and offenders at court -- 3.3.5.8 The punishment of the personal use offence under the 1988 Convention -- 3.3.5.9 Alternatives to punishment for article 3 offences -- 3.3.5.9.1 Introduction -- 3.3.5.9.2 Punishment alternatives in article 3(4) -- 3.3.5.9.3 Demand reduction in the 1988 Convention -- 3.3.6 Conclusion - criticisms of the provisions for penalties and alternatives -- 4 Jurisdiction and Extradition -- 4.1 General -- 4.2 Introduction to jurisdiction over drug offences -- 4.3 Introduction to the extradition of drug offenders -- 4.4 Jurisdiction and extradition under the unamended 1961 Convention -- 4.4.1 General -- 4.4.2 Territorial jurisdiction over distinct offences in terms of the 1961 Convention -- 4.4.3 Territorial and extraterritorial jurisdiction under the 1961 Convention -- 4.4.4 Extradition provisions in the 1961 Convention -- 4.4.5 The 1961 Convention's jurisdiction and extradition provisions considered.

4.5 Jurisdiction and extradition under the 1971 Convention -- 4.5.1 General -- 4.5.2 Territorial jurisdiction over distinct offences in terms of the 1971 Convention -- 4.5.3 Territorial and extraterritorial jurisdiction under the 1971 Convention -- 4.5.4 Extradition under the 1971 Convention -- 4.5.5 The 1971 Convention's jurisdiction and extradition provisions considered -- 4.6 Extradition under the 1972 Protocol's amendments to the 1961 Convention -- 4.6.1 General -- 4.6.2 Drug offences deemed extraditable in terms of existing and future extradition treaties -- 4.6.3 Extradition of drug offences where an extradition treaty is necessary but not in existence -- 4.6.4 Extradition of drug offences where an extradition treaty is not required -- 4.6.5 Limitations on extradition -- 4.6.6 The 1972 Protocol's extradition provisions considered -- 4.7 Jurisdiction and extradition in the 1988 Convention -- 4.7.1 Jurisdiction under the 1988 Convention -- 4.7.1.1 Introduction -- 4.7.1.2 Mandatory jurisdiction based upon territoriality and analogous grounds -- 4.7.1.3 Optional jurisdiction based upon nationality/habitual residence, authorisation over foreign vessels or the effects principle -- 4.7.1.4 Mandatory jurisdiction over alleged offenders found within a Party's territory when extradition is refused because of territoriality or nationality -- 4.7.1.5 Optional jurisdiction over alleged offenders found within a Party's territory where extradition is refused for reasons other than territoriality or nationality -- 4.7.1.6 The 1988 Convention's jurisdictional provisions in conclusion -- 4.7.2 Extradition under the 1988 Convention -- 4.7.2.1 Extradition under the 1988 Convention generally -- 4.7.2.2 Limitation of the political and fiscal offence exception -- 4.7.2.3 Discrimination as a ground for refusing extradition.

4.7.2.4 Extradition limited to article 3(1) offences -- 4.7.2.5 Article 3(1) offences included in existing and future extradition treaties -- 4.7.2.6 The 1988 Convention functioning as an extradition treaty -- 4.7.2.7 The obligation on Parties not requiring the existence of an extradition treaty for extradition to recognise drug trafficking offences as extraditable -- 4.7.2.8 Expediting and simplifying extradition -- 4.7.2.9 Ensuring the presence of the subjects of extradition requests at extradition proceedings -- 4.7.2.10 The obligation to prosecute where extradition is refused -- 4.7.2.11 The obligation to carry out sentence where the extradition of a convicted offender is refused -- 4.7.2.12 Encouraging the conclusion of extradition treaties and agreements -- 4.7.2.13 Prisoner transfer agreements -- 4.7.2.14 The 1988 Convention's extradition provisions in conclusion -- 4.8 Jurisdiction and extradition in conclusion -- 5 General Law Enforcement Cooperation -- 5.1 Drug law enforcement under international law: national co-ordination and international co-operation -- 5.2 Law enforcement co-operation under the 1961 Convention -- 5.2.1 The nature of the obligation in article 35 -- 5.2.2 National law enforcement co-ordination under the 1961 Convention -- 5.2.3 International law enforcement co-operation under the 1961 Convention -- 5.2.4 Law enforcement co-operation under the 1961 Convention in review -- 5.3 Law enforcement co-operation under the 1971 Convention -- 5.3.1 The nature of the obligation in article 21 -- 5.3.2 National law enforcement co-ordination under the 1971 Convention -- 5.3.3 International law enforcement co-operation under the 1971 Convention -- 5.3.4 Law enforcement co-operation under the 1971 Convention in review -- 5.4 Law enforcement co-operation under the 1988 Convention -- 5.4.1 Introduction.

5.4.2 Mutual legal assistance under the 1988 Convention.