A companion to Byzantine iconoclasm / / edited by Mike Humphreys.

• Superior document: Brill's Companions to the Christian Tradition ; 99
• TeilnehmendeR: Humphreys, M. T. G.
• Place / Publishing House: Leiden, Netherlands ;, Boston, Massachusetts : : Brill,, [2021]; ©2021
• Year of Publication: 2021
• Edition: Brill's Companions to the Christian Tradition
• Language: English
• Series: Brill's Companions to the Christian Tradition ; 99.
• Physical Description: 1 online resource (648 pages)

Few subjects have generated more argument in early medieval, Byzantine, and Orthodox history than Iconoclasm. Supposedly for more than a century the Orthodox Church and Byzantium were wracked by controversy over religious figural imagery, culminating in 843 in the establishment of icon veneration as...

Table of Contents

• Half Title
• Series Information
• Title Page
• Copyright Page
• Contents
• Preface
• Illustrations
• Abbreviations
• Notes on Contributors
• Introduction: Contexts, Controversies, and Developing Perspectives
• 1 Byzantine Iconoclasm: Controversies Medieval and Modern
• 2 The Context: Byzantium before and during Iconoclasm
• 2.1 The Christian Roman Empire from Constantine i to Justinian i
• 2.2 The Empire That Almost Died
• 2.3 The Isaurian Recovery
• 2.4 The Return of Instability
• 3 Byzantine Iconoclasm
• 3.1 Images, Idols, and Iconoclasm before Byzantine Iconoclasm
• 3.1.1 The Biblical Legacy
• 3.1.2 The Classical World
• 3.1.3 The Emergence of Christian Art
• 3.1.4 The Rise of the Icon?
• 3.2 The Sources for Byzantine Iconoclasm
• 3.2.1 Histories, Chronicles, and Letters
• 3.2.2 Church Acta, Treatises, and Hagiography
• 3.2.3 The Material Evidence
• 3.3 Byzantine Iconoclasm in Action
• 3.3.1 First Iconoclasm
• 3.3.2 The Iconophile Intermission and Second Iconoclasm
• 3.4 The Theology of Iconoclasm
• 3.4.1 The Theological Debate in the Eighth Century
• 3.4.2 The Theological Debate in the Ninth Century
• 3.4.3 The Problem of the Holy: Saints, Relics, and Monks
• 3.5 Iconoclasm East and West
• 3.5.1 Images and Iconoclasm in the Caliphate
• 3.5.2 Iconoclasm, Images, and the West
• 3.6 The Aftermath
• Part 1 Images before Iconoclasm
• Chapter 1 Figural Images in Christian Thought and Practice before ca. 500
• 1 Modern Scholarship and the Lack of Early Christian Art
• 1.1 Second- and Third-Century Christian Objections to Images and Idols
• 1.2 Christian Apologists' Acknowledgement of Philosophical Aniconism
• 1.3 The Earliest Christian Art
• 1.4 Fourth-Century Controversies over Christian Devotional Portraits
• 1.5 Afterword
• Chapter 2 Images in Byzantine Thought and Practice, ca. 500-700
• 1 Texts.
• 2 Images
• 3 Art and the Origins of Iconoclasm
• Part 2 The Sources
• Chapter 3 Chronicles, Histories, and Letters
• 1 Chronicles and Chronographies
• 1.1 Theophanes and George the Synkellos
• 1.2 The Successors of George the Synkellos and Theophanes
• 1.3 Syriac and Arabic Chronicles
• 1.4 Case Study: The Latins and the Origins of Iconoclasm in the Chronography
• 2 Histories
• 2.1 The Short History of Nikephoros
• 2.2 The Armenian Tradition
• 2.3 The Latin "Histories"
• 2.4 Case Study: The Parastaseis Syntomoi Chronikai and Constantinople's Topography of Images
• 3 Letters
• 3.1 Letter Collections, Byzantine and Modern
• 3.2 Case Study: The Letters of Theodore Studites as a Collection on Iconoclasm?
• 4 Conclusions
• Chapter 4 Acta, Treatises, and Hagiography
• 1 Acta
• 1.1 Iconoclast acta
• 1.2 Iconophile acta
• 2 Treatises
• 2.1 John Damascene
• 2.2 The Adversus Constantinum Caballinum
• 2.3 Patriarch Nikephoros
• 2.4 Theodore the Stoudite
• 2.5 Popular Treatises
• 2.6 The Letter of the Three Patriarchs
• 2.7 The Nouthesia Gerontos
• 2.8 The Libri Carolini and the Frankish Contribution
• 3 Hagiography
• 3.1 The Main Iconophile Lives
• 3.2 "Iconoclast" Lives
• 3.3 Other Iconophile Lives
• Chapter 5 Material Culture
• Part 3 Byzantine Iconoclasm in Action
• Chapter 6 First Iconoclasm, ca. 700-780
• 1 The Reign of Leo iii before Iconoclasm
• 2 Iconoclasm during the Reign of Leo iii: The Sources
• 3 Iconoclasm under Leo iii: What, Who, and Why?
• 4 Iconoclasm under Constantine v: Accession to Hiereia
• 4.1 Iconoclasm from Hiereia to the Death of Leo iv
• 5 Conclusions
• Chapter 7 The Iconophile Intermission and Second Iconoclasm, 780-843
• Part 4 The Theology of Byzantine Iconoclasm
• Chapter 8 The Theological Argument about Images in the 8th Century
• 1 The Letters of Germanos of Constantinople.
• 2 St John of Damascus
• 3 Iconoclast Arguments
• 4 The Council of Nicaea ii
• Chapter 9 The Theological Argument about Images in the 9th Century
• 1 The Situation in Constantinople
• 2 Theodore the Stoudite (759-826)
• 3 Theodore the Stoudite, Three Refutations against the Iconoclasts (Antirrhetici tres Adversus Iconomachus)
• 3.1 Defining Christ's Icon
• 3.2 Prototype and Icon
• 3.3 Who Can Be Depicted in an Icon?
• 3.4 Unwritten Tradition
• 3.5 Venerating the Icon
• 4 Patriarch Nikephoros (758-828)
• 5 Patriarch Nikephoros, Three Refutations against Constantine v (Antirrhetici tres adversus Constantinum Copronymum)
• 5.1 Defining Christ's Icon
• 5.2 Prototype and Icon
• 5.3 Idol and Icon
• 5.4 Icons of Angels
• 5.5 Cross and Eucharist
• 5.6 Icons of the Resurrection
• 5.7 Venerating the Icon
• 6 The Situation in Syria-Palestine
• 7 Theodore Abū Qurrah (ca. 755-ca. 830)
• 8 Theodore Abū Qurrah, Treatise on the Veneration of Icons (Maymar fī Ikrām al-Aiqūnāt)163
• 8.1 Enemies of the Icons
• 8.2 Idolatry
• 8.3 Prostration and Intention
• 8.4 Prototype and Image
• 8.5 Defacement and Consecration
• 9 Conclusion
• Chapter 10 The Problem of the Holy: Iconoclasm, Saints, Relics and Monks
• 1 Saints
• 2 Relics
• 3 Monks
• Part 5 Iconoclasm East and West
• Chapter 11 Images and Iconoclasm in Islam, ca. 600-850
• 1 Introduction
• 2 The Qurʾan
• 3 Islamic Coins of the 7th Century
• 4 Marwānid Sanctuaries and the Rivalry with Christianity
• 5 The Iconoclastic Edict of Yazīd
• 6 Iconoclastic Mosaics
• 7 Images and Context
• 8 The Prohibition on Images in Islamic Law and Tradition
• 9 Conclusion
• Chapter 12 Iconoclasm, Images, and the West
• Bibliography
• Primary Sources
• Secondary Sources
• Index.