Status and (human rights) obligations of non-recognized de facto regimes in international law : : the case of 'Somaliland' : the resurrection of Somaliland against all international 'odds', state collapse, secession, non-recognition, and human rights /

Status and (human rights) obligations of non-recognized de facto regimes in international law : : the case of 'Somaliland' : the resurrection of Somaliland against all international 'odds', state collapse, secession, non-recognition, and human rights / / Michael Schoiswohl.

This volume contains the first comprehensive study of legal issues arising with regard to the self-declared 'Republic of Somaliland' which, after more than 10 years of factual existence, is still facing international non -recognition. The case of Somaliland, in particular its unique positi...

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Bibliographic Details
VerfasserIn:
Schoiswohl, Michael,
Place / Publishing House:The Hague, The Netherlands : : Martinus Nijhoff,, [2004]
©2004
Year of Publication:2004
Language:English
Physical Description:1 online resource.
Notes:Includes index.
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Table of Contents:
  • Intro
  • Title Page
  • Copyright Page
  • Preface
  • Acknowledgments
  • Table of Contents
  • Part I - State Recognition and Secession
  • I. Preliminary Remarks
  • II. Introduction
  • III. Meaning of Recognition
  • IV. Recognition of States
  • V. The Criteria for Statehood
  • VI. The Loss of Statehood and 'Effectiveness' - State Continuity, State Collapse and Extinction of States
  • 1. Preliminary Remarks
  • 2. Statehood and 'Effectiveness' - State Continuity
  • 3. Failed States - State Collapse
  • 4. Extinction of States
  • 5. Conclusion
  • VII. Statehood and Recognition - Constitutive or Declaratory?
  • VIII. The 'Synthesis' of Fact and Law - 'Evidentiary' and 'Semi-Constitutive' Function of Recognition
  • IX. Secession and Recognition
  • 1. Preliminary Remarks
  • 2. Secession in General and in the Context of State Collapse
  • 3. The Interplay between Secession, Presumption of Continuity and Recognition
  • 4. Concluding Remarks
  • X. Self-Determination and Recognition
  • 1. Preliminary Remarks
  • 2. The "Right" to Self-Determination - An Overview
  • 3. Self-Determination, Recognition and the 'Thresholds of Effectiveness'
  • XI. Conclusion
  • 1. Preliminary Remarks
  • 2. Variants of Non-Recognition
  • 3. Non-Recognition and Secession - A Summary
  • 4. A Word to State Practice and Methodology
  • 5. Policy and Philosophy
  • Part II - The Statehood of Somalialand
  • I. Somalia and Somalialand
  • 1) History of Somalia
  • i. Colonization
  • ii. Independence
  • iii. Dictatorship
  • iv. The Somali Civil War
  • 2) History of Somaliland and its 'Independences'
  • i. Colonial History
  • ii. Somaliland's Independence in 1960
  • iii. The Somaliland Population after the Civil War in Somalia
  • iv. The Declaration of lndependence in 1991
  • v. The Civil War in Somaliland
  • 3) Somalia Today
  • 4) Somalia - A Failed, Collapsed, or Presumed State?.
  • 5) Somaliland Today
  • i. The Situation within Somaliland
  • ii. Somaliland's Position in relation to Somalia
  • II. Independence of Somalialand - Secession vs. Dissolution (of Somalia)
  • 1) Preliminary Remarks
  • 2) Possible General (non-Legal) Justifications
  • i. Socio-historical - A Greater Somalia vs. Somaliland: the 'Myth' of a Somali Nation-State
  • ii. Economical
  • iii. Ethnical
  • iv. Political
  • v. International
  • 3) Legal 'Justifications' for Secession
  • i. Introduction
  • ii. Historic Title - The 1960 Act of the Union and Restoration of Statehood
  • iii. Self-Determination
  • A. Introduction
  • B. Denied Decolonization - The Analogy to the Eritrean Case
  • C. 'Contemporary' Self-Determination
  • iv. Human Rights Violations
  • v. Conclusion
  • III. Non-Recognition of Somaliland
  • 1) Somaliland - Fulfilling the Criteria of Statehood?
  • 2) A Decade of Unrecognized Independence
  • 3) Reasons for Non-Recognition?
  • i. Historical
  • ii. Regional
  • iii. International
  • IV. Is Somaliland a State?
  • 1) Applying the Law of Recognition: Presumptions and Effectiveness
  • 2) Impact of Non-Recognition
  • i. Internal
  • ii. External/International
  • V. Conclusion
  • Part III - Human Rights Obligations of Non-Recognized Entities - The Case of Somaliland
  • I. Preliminary Remarks
  • II. Introduction
  • III. Subjects of International Law
  • 1) Subjects of International Law - General
  • 2) Insurgents and Belligerents
  • 3) De Facto Regimes
  • 4) Conclusion
  • IV. Non-Recognized Entities and 'Human Rights' Obligations
  • 1) Preliminary Remarks
  • 2) Statehood despite Non-Recognition: Customary Obligations
  • 3) Obligations of De Facto Regimes Below the Threshold of Statehood
  • i. General
  • ii. De Facto Regimes and Human Rights Agreements
  • A. El Salvador
  • B. Guatemala
  • C. Other Cases
  • D. Conclusion.
  • iii. 'Self-imposed' Human Rights Obligations
  • iv. Minimum 'Standards of Humanity' Regarding De Facto Regimes
  • A. Minimum Obligations under International Humanitarian Law
  • B. Declarations of Minimum Humanitarian Standards and Codes of Conduct
  • C. Genocide, Crimes against Humanity and Torture
  • v. Obligations of De Facto Regimes
  • A. General
  • B. Obligations of De Facto Regimes with Respect to 'Third' States
  • C. Responsibility of De Facto Regimes for 'Internal' Human Rights
  • D. 'Knock, Knock' - Is There Any Law?
  • E. 'Indirect' Human Rights Obligations
  • a) General
  • b) Validity of Legal Acts of Non-Recognized Entities
  • c) 'Devolution' of and 'Succession' to Human Rights 'Obligations' (Limitations)
  • d) Limited International Personality and Human Rights Obligations: The 'Functional' Approach
  • e) Concluding Remarks
  • vi. Human Rights - The Rights of People
  • V. Excursus: Human Rights Obligations of a 'Parent' State with Respect to Non-Recognized Entities, Particularly in the Context of a Collapsed State
  • 1) Collapsed States and Human Rights Obligations under International Law
  • 2) Responsibility of Collapsed States for De Facto Regimes
  • VI. Conclusion
  • 1) General
  • 2) Application of Different Layers to Somaliland
  • 3) Policy Issues and Prospect
  • Part IV - Summary Conclusions
  • Part V - Abbreviations, Resources and Annexes
  • I. Abbreviations
  • II. Index of Authorities
  • 1) Treaties
  • 2) Peace Agreements
  • 3) UN Documents and other Instruments
  • 4) International Cases, Arbitral Awards and Advisory Opinions
  • 5) Domestic Cases and Administrative Decisions
  • 6) Treaties, Digests and Books
  • 7) Journals and Yearbooks
  • 8) News Reports
  • 9) Miscellaneous
  • Annex I - Map of Somalia
  • Annex II - Map of Somaliland
  • Annex III - Historical Map of Colonial Borders in Africa
  • Index.

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