International Aid and Urban Change : : Humanitarian Presence in Bamako, Abidjan, Nairobi and Juba / / Pablo de Roulet.

• VerfasserIn: Roulet, Pablo de,
• Place / Publishing House: Bern : : Peter Lang International Academic Publishing Group,, 2022.
• Year of Publication: 2022
• Language: English
• Physical Description: 1 online resource (364 pages)

The presence of expatriate humanitarian workers in African cities is not neutral. Country capitals receive large and sudden influx of expatriates during humanitarian crises responses. This book examines the influence of this presence on the local urban ecosystem, from the building of a security discourse to the self-segregation of aid agencies in expatriate enclaves. The examples of Abidjan, Bamako, Juba and Nairobi illustrate different variants of urban change induced by the normative power of aid organisations.

Table of Contents

List of Abbreviations . 13 -- Chapter 1 Introduction . 15 -- 1.1 Research Questions 16 -- 1.2 Case Studies . 16 -- 1.3 Theory 17 -- 1.4 Chapters . 18 -- Chapter 2 Theory and Method 21 -- 2.1 State of the Art 21 -- 2.1.1 Aid, Security and Space . 22 -- 2.1.2 Aid Workers and the Built Environment 25 -- 2.1.3 Procedures, Design and Security 26 -- 2.1.4 Urban Form and Segregation 29 -- 2.1.5 Organisational Discipline and Its Spatial Consequences . 32 -- 2.2 Theoretical Framework 35 -- 2.2.1 Landscape: Panorama, Viewers and Viewpoints 36 -- 2.2.2 Social and Material Layer 37 -- 2.2.3 The Aid Industry as a Social Field 38 -- 2.2.4 Norms and Transformations . 40 -- 2.3 Research Methodology: Four Case Studies and Diverse -- Techniques . 42 -- 2.3.1 Methods, Techniques and Tools . 42 -- 2.3.2 Methodology: General Strategy and Physical Access to Sites of Research 43 -- 2.3.3 Techniques: Practical and Analytical Articulations . 47 -- Deontology: Ethics as a Technical Element 48 -- Organisational Secrets . 49 -- 2.3.4 Observation and Collection of Data 49 -- Collected Data: Written Documents and Maps . 50 -- Created Data . 51 -- Interviews 51 -- Visual Methods: Drawings, Maps, Chorèmes 52 -- 2.3.5 Tools . 53 -- 2.3.6 The Body as a Technical Ensemble: Interface -- between Methods, Techniques and Tools . 55 -- Chapter 3 The Aid Industry: Social Field and Spatial Habitus . 59 -- 3.1 International Aid and the History of Capitalism . 59 -- 3.1.1 Neoliberal Ideology 61 -- 3.1.2 Project Management 62 -- 3.2 Reliance on the Private Sector for Goals and Models 64 -- 3.3 Statistics of Funding, Personnel and Sites of Operations 65 -- 3.4 Funding for Interventions . 65 -- 3.5 Peacekeeping and Humanitarian Presence . 66 -- 3.6 Workforce Data: Job Websites and UN Board 67 -- 3.6.1 UN Board Data: The Classes of Humanitarian Workers 72 -- 3.6.2 Sites and Staff 73 -- 3.6.3 Highlight on Capital Cities . 79 -- 3.7 Security Gaze . 83 -- 3.7.1 Strategic Papers, Research and Policy Documents 84 -- 3.7.2 Security Manuals 87 -- 3.7.3 UN Field Security Handbook . 89 -- 3.7.4 Codes of Conduct and the Non-Spatial Ethics of International Aid 91 -- 3.7.5 Training and Storytelling . 97 -- 3.7.6 Training the Good Soldiers of Humanitarianism 98 -- 3.7.7 Storytelling and Role Play . 99 -- Role play 103 -- Chapter 4 Panorama 107 -- 4.1 Contexts of Political Violence . 108 -- 4.1.1 The Conflict in Mali . 109 -- 4.1.2 South Sudan and the Never-Ending Wars 112 -- 4.1.3 The Regional Hub and the War on Terror in Kenya 114 -- 4.1.4 War and Politics in Ivory Coast 116 -- 4.2 Violence and Numbers 118 -- 4.3 African Cities and Four Case Studies 122 -- 4.3.1 Population Growth and Spatial Expansion in -- Bamako Juba Abidjan and Nairobi 126 -- 4.3.2 Visibility of Infrastructure . 133 -- 4.3.3 Moorings . 138 -- 4.3.4 Bamako 140 -- 4.3.5 Abidjan . 146 -- 4.3.6 Juba . 148 -- 4.3.7 Nairobi . 152 -- 4.4 The Local Population and the Right to the City . 157 -- Chapter 5 Landscape of War . 159 -- Chapter 6 The Layer . 171 -- 6.1 City Scale: Available Space, Social Fragmentation and -- Airports 174 -- 6.1.1 Juba . 175 -- 6.1.2 Bamako 177 -- 6.1.3 Abidjan . 179 -- 6.2 Virtual Spaces 184 -- 6.2.1 Zoning: Forbidden Areas 185 -- Colour Symbolism 188 -- Nairobi Blue 189 -- Bamako in Red and Green 191 -- Residential and Office Areas in Abidjan . 193 -- 6.2.2 Through the Lens of Bad News . 194 -- 6.3 The Built Environment and Social Relations 202 -- 6.3.1 Compounds . 203 -- 6.3.2 Hotels . 207 -- Hotel Managers and Their Strategies in the Aid -- Market 209 -- Hotel Industry in Bamako . 212 -- 6.3.3 Houses and Apartments 217 -- Security and Luxury Residences . 218 -- Living Allowance and Residential Choices . 221 -- Urban Quality . 222 -- Prices and Standards 222 -- 6.3.4 The Aid Layer and Local Security Practices . 228 -- Armed Violence and Collective Security in Juba . 229 -- Defensive Designs and Fears of Crime in Nairobi . 230 -- Mirror Fears in Bamako 231 -- 6.3.5 Supermarkets and Malls 232 -- 6.4 The Locals and the Cash Flow 234 -- 6.4.1 Property Owners 236 -- 6.4.2 Public Institutions 239 -- 6.4.3 Transport and Other Services . 240 -- 6.4.4 Fixers for Houses and Apartments . 242 -- 6.4.5 Hotel Employees . 245 -- 6.4.6 Balance of Salaries and Costs of Living . 246 -- 6.4.7 Service and Gendered Relationships . 248 -- 6.4.8 Rebuttals and Frictions 253 -- Chapter 7 Transformations . 259 -- 7.1 Shaking Local Urban Economy 261 -- 7.1.1 Local Employment . 262 -- The End of Direct Employment 262 -- The Wide Variety of Indirect Employment and Businesses 264 -- 7.1.2 Privatisation of Public Services 265 -- Schools in Family Duty Stations . 266 -- Dual Health Services 267 -- A Splintering of Public Services for the Future? 268 -- 7.1.3 The Built Environment in the Local Economy . 269 -- Fears of Rent Increases 270 -- Foreseeable Future for the Uses of a Renewed Built Environment 276 -- 7.2 Control and Power in the Public Space . 278 -- 7.2.1 Road Blocks and Sand Bastions in the Street 278 -- 7.2.2 The Radisson Hotel and the Levels of the State 282 -- 7.2.3 Fragmented Upgrades in the Public Domain . 290 -- 7.2.4 Scales of Intervention . 291 -- 7.3 Aesthetics of Defensive Design . 294 -- 7.3.1 Spikes of All Sizes . 296 -- 7.3.2 Cars as Symbols 300 -- 7.4 Outcomes in Abidjan . 302 -- Chapter 8 Synthesis 307 -- Chapter 9 Conclusion 311 -- List of Figures . 319 -- Bibliography 325.