Lipopolysaccharides (LPSs) / / Juan M. Tomás.

• VerfasserIn: Tomás, Juan M.,
• Place / Publishing House: Basel, Switzerland : : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute,, 2020.
• Year of Publication: 2020
• Language: English
• Physical Description: 1 online resource (390 pages)

The cytoplasm of Gram-negative bacteria is bound by three layers: an inner membrane, a layer of peptidoglycan, and an outer membrane. The outer membrane is an asymmetric lipidic bilayer, with phospholipids on its inner surface and lipopolysaccharides (LPSs) on the outside, with the latter being the major component of the outer leaflet and covering nearly three-quarters of the total outer cell surface. All LPSs possess the same general chemical architecture independently of bacterial activity (pathogenic, symbiotic, commensal), ecological niche (human, animal, soil, plant, water), or growth conditions. Endotoxins are large amphiphilic molecules consisting of a hydrophilic polysaccharide component and a covalently bound hydrophobic and highly conserved lipid component, termed lipid A (the endotoxin subunit). The polysaccharide component can be divided into two subdomains: the internal and conserved core region as well as the more external and highly variable O-specific chain, also referred to as the O-antigen due to its immunogenic properties. LPSs are endotoxins, one of the most potent class of activators of the mammalian immune system; they can be released from cell surfaces of bacteria during multiplication, lysis, and death. LPS can act through its biological center (lipid A component) on various cell types, of which macrophages and monocytes are the most important.

Table of Contents

Preface to "Lipopolysaccharides (LPSs)" -- Coxiella burnetii Lipopolysaccharide: What Do We Know? -- Structural Masquerade of Plesiomonas shigelloides Strain CNCTC 78/89 O-Antigen-High-Resolution Magic Angle Spinning NMR Reveals the Modified D-galactan I of Klebsiella pneumoniae -- Salmonella 048 Serum Resistance is Connected with the Elongation of the Lipopolysaccharide O-Antigen Containing Sialic Acid -- Bordetella holmesii: Lipid A Structures and Corresponding Genomic Sequences Comparison in Three Clinical Isolates and the Reference Strain ATCC 51541 -- The New Structure of Core Oligosaccharide Presented by Profeus penneri 40A and 41 Lipopolysaccharides -- The Complete Structure of the Core Oligosaccharide from Edwardsiella tarda EIB 202 Lipopolysaccharide -- Structural Characterization of Core Region in Erwinia amylovora LipopolysaccharideThe Glycosyltransferases of LPS Core: A Review of Four Heptosyltransferase Enzymes in Context -- Regulated Assembly of LPS, Its Structural Alterations and Cellular Response to LPS Defects -- Structural Basis for the Lipopolysaccharide Export Activity of the Bacterial Lipopolysaccharide Transport System -- Immune Mechanisms Underlying Susceptibility to Endotoxin Shock in Aged Hosts: Implication in Age-Augmented Generalized Shwartzman Reaction -- Biophysical Analysis of Lipopolysaccharide Formulations for an Understanding of the Low Endotoxin Recovery (LER) Phenomenon -- Time Response of Oxidative/Nitrosative Stress and Inflammation in LPS-Induced Endotoxaemia-A Comparative Study of Mice and Rats -- LPS-Induced Low-Grade Inflammation Increases Hypothalamic JNK Expression and Causes Central Insulin Resistance Irrespective of Body Weight Changes -- Identification and Characterization of Lipopolysaccharide Induced TNF Factor from Blunt Snout Bream, Megalobrama amblycephala -- The Interactive Roles of Lipopolysaccharides and dsRNA/Viruses on Respiratory Epithelial Cells and Dendritic Cells in Allergic Respiratory Disorders: The Hygiene Hypothesis -- Neuroimmunological Salmonella Enteritidis Implications of Subclinical Lipopolysaccharide from -- Corneal Fibroblasts as Sentinel Cells and Local Immune Modulators in Infectious KeratitisDistribution and Neurochemistry of the Porcine Ileocaecal Valve Projecting Sensory Neurons in the Dorsal Root Ganglia and the Influence of Lipopolysaccharide from Different Serotypes of Salmonella spp. on the Chemical Coding of DRG Neurons in the Cell Cultures -- Effects of 1-Methyltryptophan on Immune Responses and the Kynurenine Pathway after Lipopolysaccharide Challenge in Pigs -- Aspirin down Regulates Hepcidin by Inhibiting NF-B and IL6/JAK2/STAT3 Pathways in BV-2 Microglial Cells Treated with Lipopolysaccharide -- Glycine Relieves Intestinal Injury by Maintaining mTOR Signaling and Suppressing AMPK, TLR4, and NOD Signaling in Weaned Piglets after Lipopolysaccharide ChallengeLipopolysaccharide-Induced Neuroinflammation as a Bridge to Understand Neurodegeneration. -- Comparative Genomics of the Aeromonadaceae Core Oligosaccharide Biosynthetic Regions.