The Rise of the ni'matull. H. Order : : Shi'ite Sufi Masters Against Islamic Fundamentalism in 19th-Century Persia.

• Superior document: Iranian Studies Ser.
• Author: Tabandeh, Reza.
• Place / Publishing House: Bloomfield : : Amsterdam University Press,, 2021.; ©2021.
• Year of Publication: 2021
• Edition: 1st ed.
• Language: English
• Series: Iranian Studies Ser.
• Physical Description: 1 online resource (323 pages)

"How were the Ni'matullāhī masters successful in reviving Ni'matullāhī Sufism in Shi'ite Persia? This book investigates the revival of Ni'matullāhī Sufi order after the death of the last Indian Ni'matullāhī master, Riḍā 'Alī Shāh (d. 1214/1799) in the Deccan. After the fall of Safavids, the revival movement of the Ni'matullāhī order began with the arrival in Persia of the enthusiastic Indian Sufi master, Ma'ṣūm 'Alī Shāh, during the last quarter of the eighteenth century. Later, at the beginning of the nineteenth century, Persian masters of the Ni'matullāhī Order were able to solidify the order's place in the mystical and theological milieu of Persia. Ma'ṣūm 'Alī Shāh and his disciples soon spread their mystical and ecstatic beliefs all over Persia. They succeeded in converting a large mass of Persians to Sufi teachings, despite the opposition and persecution they faced from Shi'ite clerics, who were politically and socially the most influential class in Persia. The book demonstrates that Ḥusayn 'Alī Shāh, Majdhūb 'Alī Shāh, and Mast 'Alī Shāh were able to consolidate the social and theological role of the Ni'matullāhī order by reinterpreting and articulating classical Sufi teachings in the light of Persian Shi‎'ite mystical theology."

Table of Contents

Table of Contents -- Acknowledgements -- System of Transliteration -- Chapter One -- Introduction: 19th-Century Persian Sufism in its Shi ... ite Milieu -- The Rise of the Safavids and the Establishment of Shi'ism in Iran -- The Rise of the Q.j.r Dynasty -- Chapter Two -- Jurists and Sufis from the Mongols to the Q.j.rs -- Sufism in Mongol Iran -- The Jurist-Sufi Conflict in Timurid and Turkemen Persia -- Shi'ism and Sufism in Safavid Iran -- The Suppression of the Sufi Orders under the Safavids -- Sufism and Clerical Shi'ism during the Afsharids and the Zands -- Conclusion -- Chapter Three -- The Ni.matull.h. Order from Ma ... m .Al. Sh.h to Mu.affar .Al. Sh.h -- Introduction -- The Ni.matull.h. Persian Sufi Order and Ma...m .Al. Sh.h -- The Anti-Sufi Movement of the Shi. ite U.l. Scholars -- The Ni.matull.h. Sufi Order and N.r .Al. Sh.h -- The Ni.matull.h. Sufi Order and Mu.affar .Al. Sh.h -- Conclusion -- Chapter Four -- The Life and Works of .usayn .Al. Sh.h -- The Socio-Political Situation of Sufism in Early 19th-Century Persia -- Religious Opposition to Sufism in Early 19th-Century Persia -- .usayn .Al. Sh.h: Preacher and Mystic -- .usayn .Al. Sh.h and the Polemics of Henry Martyn -- Refutations (jaw.b.yya) of Henry Martyn's tracts -- Mull. Mu.ammad Ri. Hamad.n. -- M.rz. Ab. al-Q.sim (Suk.t) -- Al. N.r. (d. 1245/1830) -- Mull. A.mad Nar.q. (d. 1245/1829) -- Ab. al-Q.sim Qum. (d. 1231/1816) -- .usayn .Al. Sh.h's Response to Martyn (1248/1833) -- Conclusion -- Chapter Five -- The Life and Works of Majdh.b .Al. Sh.h -- Introduction -- The Life of Majdh.b .Al. Sh.h -- Imitation (taql.d) -- The 'Divine Faculty' (quwwa quds.yya) -- Dhikr -- Majdh.b's Views about Shi. ite Extremism (ghuluww) -- Contemplative Vigilance (mur.qaba) -- The Spiritual Heart (qalb) -- The Unity of Being (wa.dat al-wuj.d) -- Heterodox and Orthodox Theories of the wa.dat al-wuj.d -- The Heterodox School of the Unity of Being -- The Orthodox School of the Unity of Being -- Intuitive Philosophy (dhawq-i ta.aluh) -- The Theory of Theophany (tajall.) -- Two Types of Theophany -- The Theory of Divine Light -- Spiritual Disclosure (kashf) -- Majdh.b's view on Creation -- The Spiritual Leaders: The Shi. ite Im.ms -- The Gnostics (.uraf.') -- Annihilation and Subsistence (fan.' and baq.') -- Muslim Sects and Heretical Sufism -- Majdh.b's View of Shi. ism -- Sunni Sufism -- Heretical Sufism -- Incarnationism (.ul.l) and Unificationism (itti.d) -- Nuq.aw.yya -- W. il.yya (Mystics United with God) -- .Ushsh.q.yya (The Lovers) -- Tan.sukh.yya (transmigration and reincarnation) -- Conclusion -- Chapter Six -- The Life and Works of Mast .Al. Sh.h -- Introduction -- The Life of Mast .Al. Sh.h -- The Works of Mast .Al. Sh.h -- Mast .Al. Sh.h's Mystical Theology and Sufism -- Mast .Al. Sh.h's Views on Shi. ism -- Sufi Apologetics -- The Unity of Being (wa.dat al-wuj.d) -- The Perfect Man (ins.n-i k.mil) -- Sainthood (wil.yat) and Prophethood (nubuwwat) -- Divine Unity (taw.d) -- Vision of God (ru'y. allah) -- Knowledge (.ilm) -- The Divine Faculty (quwwa quds.yya) -- Imitation (taql.d) -- The Spiritual Path (.ar.qat) -- Master and Guide -- The Muslims and the Faithful (mu.min) -- The Tried and Tested Faithful Believer (mu.min mumta.an) -- Authentic Sufis (.f.yya .aqqa) -- The School of Illumination (ishr.q) -- Intuitive Philosophy (dhawq-i ta'aluh) -- Sufism and Pseudo-Sufism -- Imitators of Sufis (mutishabih.n) -- Upright Sufi Lookalikes (mutishabih.ni mu.iq) resume -- The False Sufi lookalikes (mutishabih.n-i mub.il) -- The Naqshband. Order -- Mast Ali Sh.h and Jurist-Sufi Conflict in Q.j.r Iran -- Conclusion -- Chapter Seven -- Conclusion: Ni.matullah. Shi.ite Sufism in Q.j.r Persia -- Introduction -- The Intellectual Contribution of .usayn .Al. Sh.h to the Ni.matull.h. Order -- The Intellectual Contribution of Majdh.b .Al. Sh.h to the Defence of.