Jar Tests for Water Treatment Optimization.

• Author: Pivokonský, Martin.
• TeilnehmendeR: Novotná, Kateřina.; Čermáková, Lenka.; Petrícek, Radim.
• Place / Publishing House: London : : IWA Publishing,, 2022.; ©2022.
• Year of Publication: 2022
• Language: English
• Physical Description: 1 online resource (73 pages)

The book is intended as a handbook providing detailed instructions for the correct conducting of jar tests, which are needed for the optimisation of the coagulation/flocculation process. It contains the essential theoretical background of coagulation/flocculation, including a description of the influence of different parameters on the coagulation efficiency of various impurities (e.g. pH value and type/dose of coagulant), and floc properties and their separation (e.g. mixing intensity, mixing time, but also type/concentration of coagulant and impurities). The principle of jar tests is explained and parameters possible to optimize (i.e. coagulation pH, coagulant dose, flocculation aid dose, mixing intensity and mixing time) are discussed. Laboratory equipment for jar tests is proposed, including mixers and instructions for calculating a mixing intensity (necessarily expressed by the global shear rate/velocity gradient G). Mixing intensities for various purposes are recommended. Detailed practical instructions of how to perform jar tests follow, including a determination of the dose of reagents for pH adjustment and coagulant dose, dosing sequence, floc separation after jar tests by sedimentation and/or centrifugation simulating sand filtration, sampling, measuring necessary parameters (pH, coagulant residuals, alkalinity, residual impurity concentrations etc.), data recording, data processing and jar test evaluation (with specific examples). The handbook also contains a supplementary part with tables for conversion of the molar to mass concentration (and vice versa) of coagulants, and instructions for diluting coagulants and reagents for pH adjustment.

Table of Contents

Intro -- Cover -- Contents -- About the authors -- Preface -- Foreword -- Acknowledgements -- Chapter 1: Introduction -- Chapter 2: Theoretical background -- 2.1 COAGULATION-FLOCCULATION -- 2.2 PARAMETERS INFLUENCING COAGULATION-FLOCCULATION EFFICIENCY -- 2.2.1 Influence of coagulant type and dose -- 2.2.2 Influence of pH value -- 2.2.3 Influence of other parameters -- 2.3 PARAMETERS INFLUENCING FLOC PROPERTIES AND THEIR SEPARATION EFFICIENCY -- 2.3.1 Effect of coagulant type on floc properties -- 2.3.2 Effect of raw water composition on floc properties -- 2.3.3 Effect of mixing intensity on floc properties -- 2.3.4 Effect of mixing time on floc properties -- 2.3.5 Influence of floc properties on their separation -- Chapter 3: Jar tests -- 3.1 PRINCIPLE OF JAR TESTS -- 3.2 LABORATORY EQUIPMENT FOR JAR TESTS -- 3.3 STIRRERS FOR JAR TESTS AND INSTRUCTIONS FOR CALCULATING MIXING INTENSITY -- 3.4 WORKING PROCEDURE OF JAR TESTS -- 3.4.1 Optimisation of coagulant dose and coagulation pH value -- 3.4.2 Floc separation after jar tests -- 3.4.3 Sampling and data recording -- 3.4.4 Data processing and evaluation -- 3.5 TEST OF FLOCCULATION -- 3.5.1 Flocculation test working procedure -- 3.5.2 Data recording, processing and evaluation -- Conclusion -- References -- Symbols and Abbreviations -- Appendices -- APPENDIX 1: PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF WATER -- APPENDIX 2: MOLECULAR (ATOMIC) MASSES -- APPENDIX 3: CONVERSION OF MASS CONCENTRATIONS TO MOLAR CONCENTRATIONS (AND VICE VERSA) OF SEVERAL COAGULANTS -- APPENDIX 4: PREPARATION OF 1% FE2(SO4)3 SOLUTION -- APPENDIX 5: PREPARATION OF 1% AL2(SO4)3 SOLUTION.