Musculoskeletal Diseases 2021-2024 : : Diagnostic Imaging.

• Superior document: IDKD Springer
• Author: Hodler, Juerg.
• TeilnehmendeR: Kubik-Huch, Rahel A.; von Schulthess, , Gustav K.
• Place / Publishing House: Cham : : Springer International Publishing AG,, 2021.; ©2021.
• Year of Publication: 2021
• Language: English
• Series: IDKD Springer
• Physical Description: 1 online resource (291 pages)

This open access book focuses on imaging of the musculoskeletal diseases. Over the last few years, there have been considerable advances in this area, driven by clinical as well as technological developments. The authors are all internationally renowned experts in their field. They are also excellent teachers, and provide didactically outstanding chapters. The book is disease-oriented and covers all relevant imaging modalities, with particular emphasis on magnetic resonance imaging. Important aspects of pediatric imaging are also included. IDKD books are completely re-written every four years. As a result, they offer a comprehensive review of the state of the art in imaging. The book is clearly structured with learning objectives, abstracts, subheadings, tables and take-home points, supported by design elements to help readers easily navigate through the text. As an IDKD book, it is particularly valuable for general radiologists, radiology residents, and interventional radiologists who want to update their diagnostic knowledge, and for clinicians interested in imaging as it relates to their specialty.

Table of Contents

Intro -- Contents -- 1: Shoulder: Instability -- 1.1 Glenohumeral Instability -- 1.2 Anterior Instability -- 1.2.1 Labral Lesions in Anterior Instability -- 1.2.2 Ligament Lesions in Anterior Instability -- 1.2.3 Bony Lesions in Anterior Instability -- 1.2.3.1 Glenoid -- 1.2.3.2 Humerus -- 1.2.3.3 Glenoid Track Theory, On-Track and Off-Track Lesions -- 1.3 Posterior Instability -- 1.3.1 Labral Lesions in Posterior Instability -- 1.4 Labral Tears Without Overt Instability -- 1.4.1 Superior Labrum Anterior-Posterior (SLAP) Tears -- 1.4.2 Overhead Thrower Labrocapsular Injuries -- 1.4.3 Spinoglenoid Notch Cyst and Posterosuperior Labral Tear -- 1.5 Normal Labral Variants -- 1.6 Concluding Remarks -- References -- 2: Rotator Cuff -- 2.1 Anatomy -- 2.2 Posterior Rotator Cuff, Supraspinatus and Infraspinatus -- 2.3 Subscapularis Tendon Tears -- 2.4 Differential Diagnosis -- 2.5 Conclusions -- References -- 3: Elbow Imaging with an Emphasis on MRI -- 3.1 Introduction -- 3.2 MR Technique -- 3.3 Bones and Cartilage -- 3.3.1 Normal Anatomy -- 3.3.2 Bones and Cartilage: Potential Pitfalls -- 3.3.3 Bones: Pathology -- 3.3.3.1 Acute Trauma -- 3.3.3.2 Stress Fractures -- 3.3.3.3 Osteochondral Lesions -- 3.4 Ligaments -- 3.4.1 Ligaments: Normal Anatomy -- 3.4.2 Ligaments: Pathology -- 3.4.2.1 Valgus Instability -- 3.4.2.2 Valgus Overload Syndrome -- 3.4.2.3 Posterolateral Rotatory Instability and Elbow Dislocation (Fig. 3.11) -- 3.5 Tendons and Muscles -- 3.5.1 Tendons and Muscles: Normal Anatomy (Fig. 3.12) -- 3.5.2 Tendon and Muscles: Pathology -- 3.5.2.1 Epicondylitis and Overuse Syndromes -- 3.5.2.2 Lateral Epicondylitis -- 3.5.2.3 Medial Epicondylitis -- 3.5.2.4 Biceps Tendon -- 3.5.2.5 Triceps Tendon -- 3.6 Nerves -- 3.6.1 Nerves: Normal Anatomy (Fig. 3.16) -- 3.6.2 Nerves: Pathology -- 3.6.2.1 Ulnar Nerve.

3.6.2.2 Median Nerve -- 3.6.2.3 Radial Nerve -- 3.7 Synovial Processes -- 3.7.1 Bursae -- 3.7.2 Plicae -- 3.7.3 Synovial Inflammation -- 3.7.3.1 Infectious Synovial Processes -- 3.7.3.2 Noninfectious Synovial Inflammatory Processes -- 3.8 Concluding Remarks -- References -- 4: Wrist and Hand -- 4.1 Introduction -- 4.2 Metacarpal and Phalangeal Fractures -- 4.3 Carpal Fractures -- 4.3.1 Perilunate Injuries -- 4.3.2 Carpal Instability -- 4.4 Tendon Injuries -- 4.4.1 Extensor Carpi Ulnaris Tendon (ECU) Injury -- 4.5 Ligaments and Capsular Injuries -- 4.6 Miscellaneous Topics -- 4.6.1 Systemic Diseases -- 4.7 Concluding Remarks -- References -- 5: Imaging of the Hip -- 5.1 Introduction -- 5.2 Imaging Evaluation -- 5.3 Osseous Disease -- 5.3.1 Stress Fractures -- 5.3.2 Osteonecrosis -- 5.3.3 Subchondral Insufficiency Fracture -- 5.3.4 Bone Marrow Edema Syndrome -- 5.4 Hip Impingement -- 5.4.1 Biomechanical Concepts -- 5.4.2 Imaging Evaluation of FAI -- 5.4.3 Assessing Joint Damage in FAI -- 5.4.4 FAI Treatment -- 5.4.5 Femoral Torsion -- 5.4.6 Subspine Impingement -- 5.5 Intra-articular Damage -- 5.5.1 Acetabular Labrum -- 5.5.2 Articular Cartilage -- 5.5.3 Ligamentum Teres -- 5.6 Concluding Remarks -- References -- 6: Pelvis and Groin -- 6.1 Anterior Pelvis -- 6.1.1 Who Is Most Likely to Get Imaging for Anterior Pain? -- 6.1.2 What Is the Optimal Imaging Workup? -- 6.1.3 What Terminology Should Be Used? -- 6.1.4 Pubic and Adductor Groin Pain -- 6.1.5 Inguinal Groin Pain -- 6.1.6 Iliopsoas Groin Pain -- 6.2 Lateral Pelvis -- 6.3 Inferior Pelvis -- 6.4 Posterior Pelvis -- 6.5 Concluding Remarks -- References -- 7: Knee -- 7.1 Introduction -- 7.2 Menisci -- 7.2.1 Anatomy and Function -- 7.2.2 Anatomic Variants -- 7.2.3 Meniscal Tears -- 7.3 Ligaments -- 7.3.1 Cruciate Ligaments.

7.3.1.1 Anterior Cruciate Ligament -- 7.3.1.2 Posterior Cruciate Ligament -- 7.3.2 Medial Collateral Ligament -- 7.3.3 Posterolateral Corner -- 7.3.4 Posteromedial Corner -- 7.3.5 Anterolateral Ligament -- 7.3.6 Iliotibial Tract -- 7.4 Tendons -- 7.4.1 Extensor Mechanism -- 7.5 Cartilage -- 7.5.1 Chondral Lesions -- 7.6 Concluding Remarks -- References -- 8: Ankle and Foot -- 8.1 Tendon Pathology -- 8.1.1 Anatomy and Pathophysiology -- 8.1.2 Ankle Tendon Compartments -- 8.2 Bone Injuries -- 8.3 Lisfranc Joint Injuries -- 8.4 Turf Toe/Plantar Plate Injuries -- 8.5 Ankle Ligament Injuries -- 8.5.1 Lateral Collateral Ligament Complex -- 8.5.2 Medial Collateral Ligament Complex -- 8.5.3 Tibiofibular Syndesmosis -- 8.6 Osteochondral Lesions of the Ankle -- 8.7 Ankle Impingement Syndromes -- 8.7.1 Anterolateral Impingement Syndrome -- 8.7.2 Anterior Impingement Syndrome -- 8.7.3 Posterior Impingement Syndrome -- 8.8 Nerve Entrapment -- 8.8.1 Tarsal Tunnel Syndrome -- 8.8.2 Baxter Neuropathy -- 8.8.3 Jogger's Foot -- 8.8.4 Morton Neuroma -- 8.9 Concluding Remarks -- References -- 9: Postoperative Knee and Shoulder -- 9.1 Postoperative MRI of the Knee -- 9.2 Ligament Surgery -- 9.2.1 Anterior Cruciate Ligament -- 9.2.2 Other Ligaments -- 9.3 Meniscal Surgery -- 9.3.1 Partial Meniscectomy and Meniscal Repair -- 9.3.2 Root Repair and Meniscal Transplant -- 9.4 Articular Cartilage Surgery -- 9.4.1 Marrow Stimulation -- 9.4.2 Osteochondral Grafting -- 9.4.3 Cellular Repair -- 9.5 Postoperative MRI of the Shoulder -- 9.6 MRI Technique -- 9.7 Imaging Following Rotator Cuff Repair -- 9.7.1 Normal MRI Findings After Rotator Cuff Repair -- 9.7.2 Abnormal MRI Findings After Rotator Cuff Repair -- 9.8 Imaging Following Superior Labral Surgery -- 9.8.1 Normal MRI Findings After Superior Labral Surgery.

9.8.2 Abnormal MRI Findings After Superior Labral Surgery -- 9.9 Imaging Following Instability Surgery -- 9.9.1 Normal MRI Findings After Instability Surgery -- 9.9.2 Abnormal MRI Findings After Instability Surgery -- 9.10 Imaging After Biceps Tenotomy and Tenodesis -- 9.10.1 Normal MRI Findings After Biceps Tenotomy and Tenodesis -- 9.10.2 Abnormal MRI Findings After Biceps Tenotomy and Tenodesis -- 9.11 Concluding Remarks -- References -- 10: Adult Tumors of Soft Tissue, Bone, and Bone Marrow: What the Clinician Wants to Know -- 10.1 Introduction -- 10.2 Soft Tissue Tumors -- 10.3 Bone Tumors -- 10.4 Bone Marrow Tumors -- 10.5 Concluding Remarks -- References -- Bone Tumors -- 11: Arthritis -- 11.1 Overview of Arthritis -- 11.1.1 Osteoarthritis -- 11.1.2 Rheumatoid Arthritis -- 11.1.3 Spondyloarthritis -- 11.1.3.1 Ankylosing Spondylitis (AS) -- 11.1.3.2 Psoriatic Arthritis (PsA) -- 11.1.3.3 Reactive Arthritis -- 11.1.3.4 Enteropathy-Associated Arthritis -- 11.1.4 Metabolic Joint Disease -- 11.1.4.1 Gout -- 11.1.4.2 Calcium Pyrophosphate Dihydrate (CPPD) Deposition Disease -- 11.2 Imaging in Arthritis -- 11.2.1 Conventional Radiography -- 11.2.1.1 Joint Space -- 11.2.1.2 Soft Tissues -- 11.2.1.3 Bones -- 11.2.1.4 Joint Alignment -- 11.2.1.5 Distribution of Joint Disease -- 11.2.2 CT -- 11.2.3 Ultrasound -- 11.2.3.1 Synovitis and Effusion -- 11.2.3.2 Erosion -- 11.2.3.3 Other Bone Changes -- 11.2.3.4 Extra-Articular Soft Tissue Features -- 11.2.4 MRI -- 11.2.4.1 Synovitis -- 11.2.4.2 Erosion and Structural Bone Changes -- 11.2.4.3 Bone Marrow Changes -- 11.2.4.4 Articular Cartilage -- 11.2.4.5 Soft Tissue Features -- 11.3 Imaging Findings in Specific Arthritides -- 11.3.1 Osteoarthritis -- 11.3.1.1 Radiographic Appearances -- Erosive OA -- Osteoarthritis in the Spine -- 11.3.1.2 Advanced Imaging.

11.3.2 Rheumatoid Arthritis -- 11.3.2.1 Radiographic Appearances -- 11.3.2.2 Advanced Imaging -- 11.3.3 Spondyloarthritides -- 11.3.3.1 Radiographic Appearances -- 11.3.3.2 Advanced Imaging -- 11.3.3.3 Sacroiliitis -- 11.3.3.4 Spinal Involvement in Spondyloarthritis -- 11.3.4 Metabolic Joint Disease -- 11.3.4.1 Gout -- Radiographic Appearances -- Advanced Imaging -- 11.3.4.2 Calcium Pyrophosphate Deposition Disease -- Radiographic Appearances -- Advanced Imaging -- 11.4 Concluding Remarks -- References -- 12: Metabolic-Endocrine -- 12.1 Introduction -- 12.2 Metabolic Marrow Disorders -- 12.2.1 Structure, Function, and Development of Bone Marrow -- 12.2.1.1 Normal Development of Bone Marrow -- 12.2.1.2 Red to Yellow Marrow Conversion -- 12.2.1.3 Reconversion of Yellow to Red Marrow -- 12.2.2 Magnetic Resonance Imaging of Bone Marrow -- 12.2.2.1 Anatomic Imaging -- 12.2.2.2 Chemical Shift Imaging -- 12.2.2.3 Proton MR Spectroscopy -- 12.2.3 Bone Marrow Changes in Athletes -- 12.2.3.1 Female Athlete Triad -- 12.2.4 Bone Marrow Changes in Eating Disorders -- 12.3 Metabolic Bone Disorders -- 12.3.1 Structure, Function, and Development of Bone -- 12.3.2 Osteoporosis -- 12.3.3 Rickets and Osteomalacia -- 12.3.4 Renal Osteodystrophy and Hyperparathyroidism -- 12.3.5 Insufficiency Fractures -- 12.3.5.1 Vertebral Insufficiency Fractures -- 12.3.5.2 Pelvic Bone Insufficiency Fractures -- 12.3.5.3 Femoral and Tibial Insufficiency Fractures -- 12.3.5.4 Subchondral Insufficiency Fractures -- 12.3.6 Complications of Insufficiency Fractures -- 12.3.6.1 Displacement of Insufficiency Fractures -- 12.3.6.2 Delayed Union and Nonunion -- 12.4 Concluding Remarks -- References -- 13: Spine Trauma -- 13.1 Craniocervical Junction (CCJ) -- 13.2 Mid to Lower Cervical -- 13.3 Upper Thoracic -- 13.4 Thoracolumbar.

13.4.1 Type A: Compression Injuries.