Costing improved water supply systems for low-income communities : : a practical manual / / Fabrizio Carlevaro and Cristian Gonzalez.

• VerfasserIn: Carlevaro, Fabrizio,; Gonzalez, Cristian,
• TeilnehmendeR: Gonzalez, Cristian,
• Place / Publishing House: London, England : : IWA Publishing,, 2015.; ©2015
• Year of Publication: 2015
• Edition: 1st ed.
• Language: English
• Physical Description: 1 online resource (256 p.)
• Notes: Description based upon print version of record.

This manual and the free downloadable costing tool is the outcome of a project identified by the Water, Sanitation and Health Programme (WSH) of the World Health Organization (WHO) faced with the challenge of costing options for improved access, both to safe drinking water and to adequate sanitation. Although limited in scope to the process of costing safe water supply technologies, a proper use of this material lies within a larger setting considering the cultural, environmental, institutional, political and social conditions that should be used by policy decision makers in developing countries to promote sustainable development strategies. Costing Improved Water Supply Systems for Low-income Communities provides practical guidance to facilitate and standardize the implementation of social life-cycle costing to "improved" drinking-water supply technologies. These technologies have been defined by the WHO/UNICEF Joint Monitoring Programme for Water Supply and Sanitation, as those that, by the nature of its construction, adequately protect the source of water from outside contamination, in particular with faecal matter. The conceptual framework used has also been conceived to be applied to costing improved sanitation options. To facilitate the application of the costing method to actual projects, a basic tool was developed using Microsoft Excel, which is called a water supply costing processor. It enables a user-friendly implementation of all the tasks involved in a social life-cycle costing process and provides both the detailed and the consolidated cost figures that are needed by decision-makers. The scope and the limits of the costing method in a real setting was assessed through field tests designed and performed by local practitioners in selected countries. These tests were carried out in Peru and in six countries in the WHO regions of South-East Asia and the Western Pacific. They identified practical issues in using the manual and the water supply costing processor and provided practical recommendations.

Table of Contents

""Cover""; ""Copyright""; ""Contents""; ""List of figures""; ""Downloads""; ""About the authors""; ""Foreword""; ""Preface""; ""Acknowledgements""; ""Chapter 1: Background and objectives""; ""1.1 Water and Health""; ""1.1.1 The United Nations Millennium Development Goals""; ""1.1.2 Health benefits of safe water and basic sanitation""; ""1.1.3 Previous WHO work""; ""1.2 Social Valuation of Water Supply Projects""; ""1.3 Costing Method""; ""1.4 Target Audience""; ""Chapter 2: Conceptual framework""; ""2.1 Identifying Locally Appropriate Technologies""

""2.2 Costing A Drinking-Water Supply Technology"" ""Chapter 3: Improved drinking-water supply technologies for low-income communities""; ""3.1 Drinking-Water Supply Systems""; ""3.2 Objectives of Drinking-Water Supply""; ""3.3 Improved Drinking-Water Supply Technologies""; ""Chapter 4: Locally appropriate technologies""; ""4.1 Concept of Locally Appropriate Technology""; ""4.2 Criteria for the Identification of Constraints and Risks""; ""4.2.1 Technical constraints""; ""4.2.2 Environmental and social constraints""; ""4.3 Assessment of Water Supply Needs""

""4.4 Selection of Locally Appropriate Water Supply Technologies"" ""Chapter 5: Costing method""; ""5.1 Rationale and Issues""; ""5.2 Typology of Costs""; ""5.2.1 Investment costs""; ""5.2.2 Operation and maintenance costs""; ""5.2.3 Other recurrent costs""; ""5.3 Sources of Data on Costs""; ""5.4 Costing Questionnaires""; ""5.5 Social Costing of Water Supply Projects""; ""5.5.1 Principles of social costing""; ""5.5.2 Inclusion of all relevant costs""; ""5.5.3 Estimating competitive market prices of resources""; ""5.5.4 Computing cost indicators for least-cost analyses""

""5.5.5 Designing service growth during the life-cycle of the water supply project"" ""Chapter 6: Costing implementation""; ""6.1 The Process of Costing a Water Supply Project""; ""6.2 The Water Supply Costing Processor (WSCP)""; ""6.3 An Introduction to the Use of WSCP""; ""6.3.1 Selecting the technology and designing the use of the water supply project""; ""6.3.2 A practical example of applying the WSCP""; ""6.3.2.1 Displaying the project scenario""; ""6.3.2.2 Identifying and quantifying the resources invested in a water supply project""; ""6.3.2.2.1 The Investment costs spreadsheets""

""6.3.2.2.2 The Maintenance costs and Operation costs spreadsheets"" ""6.3.2.2.3 The Other recurrent costs spreadsheet""; ""6.3.2.3 Pricing the resources invested in a water supply project""; ""6.3.2.4 Displaying the costing of the water supply project""; ""Annex I: Drinking-water supply technologies""; ""I.1 Introduction""; ""I.2 Water Sources""; ""I.2.1 Groundwater sources""; ""I.2.2 Surface water sources""; ""I.2.3 Regional supply""; ""I.2.4 Combined use""; ""I.3 Water Collection Technologies""; ""I.3.1 Catchment systems""; ""I.3.2 Wells""; ""I.3.3 Intakes""; ""I.3.4 Fact sheets""

""I.3.4.1 Catchment systems""