Table of Contents: Tuning biological nutrient removal plants /

Tuning biological nutrient removal plants / / Ken Hartley.

Tuning Biological Nutrient Removal Plants increases interest in tuning to enhance both performance and capacity, to provide insight into typical plant operating characteristics, and to stimulate operators' interest in studying the behaviour of their own plants. The book focuses on understanding...

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Bibliographic Details
:	Hartley, Ken.
Place / Publishing House:	London : : IWA Publishing,, 2013.
Year of Publication:	2013
Edition:	1st ed.
Language:	English
Physical Description:	1 online resource (264 pages)
Notes:	Description based upon print version of record.
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Table of Contents:

Cover
Copyright
Contents
About the Authors
Acknowledgements
Preface
Chapter 1: What is tuning?
Chapter 2: Influent and effluent characteristics
2.1 The Catchment
2.2 Flow Characteristics
2.3 Mass Loading Characteristics
2.3.1 Connected population
2.3.2 Flow
2.3.3 COD
2.3.4 SS
2.3.5 pH and alkalinity
2.3.6 Dissolved sulfide
2.3.7 TDS or conductivity
2.3.8 Pathogens
2.3.9 Load ratios
2.3.10 COD/BOD5
2.3.11 Nutrient ratios
2.3.12 Total COD fractions
2.3.13 Soluble unbiodegradable organic N
2.3.14 Nitrifier maximum specific growth rate
2.3.15 Temperature
2.3.16 Energy content
2.3.17 Other sewage components
2.4 Sewer Transformations
2.5 Effect of Primary Treatment
2.6 Effluent Characteristics
Chapter 3: Biological nutrient removal - process fundamentals
3.1 The Basic Process
3.2 Kinetics of Biological Processes
3.2.1 Substrate utilisation
3.2.2 Substrate concentration
3.3 Solids Retention Time
3.3.1 Definition
3.3.2 Calculation
3.4 Carbon Removal
3.4.1 Effect of SRT
3.4.2 Loading conditions
3.4.3 F:M ratio
3.4.4 Mixed liquor suspended solids
3.4.5 Nutrient requirements
3.4.6 Carbonaceous oxygen demand
3.5 Nitrogen Removal
3.5.1 The nitrogen cycle
3.5.2 Nitrification
3.5.3 Denitrification
3.5.4 Simultaneous nitrification and denitrification
3.5.5 Total process oxygen demand
3.6 Phosphorus Removal
3.6.1 Mechanisms
3.6.2 Process characteristics
3.6.3 Adverse factors
3.7 Supplementary Chemical Dosing
3.7.1 Phosphorus removal
3.7.2 Nitrogen removal
3.7.3 Other effects
3.8 Alkalinity and pH
3.8.1 Chemistry
3.8.2 Process behaviour
3.9 Rules of Thumb
Chapter 4: Sludge settleability
4.1 Characterising Settleability
4.2 Settling Rates.
4.3 Factors Affecting Settleability
4.3.1 Non-BNR activated sludge processes
4.3.2 BNR processes
4.4 Effect of SVI on Effluent Quality
4.5 Foaming
Chapter 5: BNR flowsheets
5.1 Nitrogen Removal
5.1.1 Modified Ludzack-Ettinger (MLE)
5.1.2 Bardenpho
5.2 Phosphorus Removal
5.2.1 Phoredox
5.3 Nitrogen and Phosphorus Removal
5.3.1 Modified Bardenpho
5.3.2 Johannesburg (JHB)
5.3.3 University of Cape Town (UCT)
5.3.4 Modified UCT (MUCT)
5.3.5 Westbank
5.3.6 Membrane Bioreactor (MBR)
Chapter 6: Reactors
6.1 Mixing
6.1.1 Mixing regime
6.1.2 Mixing intensity
6.2 Aeration
6.2.1 Oxygen transfer rate
6.2.2 Oxygen transfer efficiency
6.2.3 Carbon dioxide stripping
6.3 Compartmentalised Reactors
6.3.1 Description
6.3.2 Process characteristics
6.3.3 Operating principles
6.4 Oxidation Ditches
6.4.1 Description
6.4.2 Process characteristics
6.4.3 Hydraulics
6.4.4 Mechanical aerator characteristics
6.4.5 Operating principles
6.5 Membrane Bioreactors
6.5.1 Description
6.5.2 Process characteristics
6.5.3 Operating principles
6.6 Sequencing Batch Reactors
6.6.1 Description
6.6.2 Process characteristics
6.6.3 Operating principles
Chapter 7: Secondary clarifiers
7.1 Description
7.2 Mass Balances
7.3 Operating Diagrams
7.4 Effluent Quality
7.4.1 Factors affecting effluent SS
7.4.2 Other effects of clarifiers on effluent quality
7.5 Clarifier Stress Testing
Chapter 8: Sludge processes
8.1 Overview
8.2 Aerobic Digestion
8.2.1 Stabilisation performance
8.2.2 Operating characteristics
8.2.3 Operating examples
8.2.4 Operating principles
8.3 Sludge Dewatering
8.3.1 Mass balances
8.3.2 Belt filter press
8.3.3 Centrifuge
Chapter 9: Plant characteristics
9.1 Mass Balances.
9.2 Operational Process Capacity
9.2.1 Bottlenecks
9.2.2 Failure curves
9.3 Capacity Envelopes
9.3.1 Continuous flow process
9.3.2 SBR process
9.4 Energy Consumption
9.4.1 Water cycle
9.4.2 Plant energy balance
9.4.3 Energy models
9.4.4 Tuning
Chapter 10: Process control
10.1 The Role of Control and Automation
10.2 Disturbances
10.3 Control Priorities
10.3.1 The system
10.3.2 The importance of dynamics
10.3.3 Modelling
10.4 Feedback Control
10.4.1 Open and closed loop control
10.4.2 Low level control
10.4.3 Integral action
10.4.4 Derivative action
10.4.5 Computer realisation of the PID controller
10.4.6 When is PID control appropriate?
10.4.7 Controller tuning
10.4.8 Manual PI tuning
10.4.9 Ziegler-Nichols frequency response method
10.4.10 Autotuning
10.5 Instrumentation and Monitoring
10.5.1 Instruments
10.5.2 Estimating the oxygen uptake rate
10.6 Pumping
10.6.1 Pump characteristics
10.6.2 Relationship between flow rate and power
10.7 Essential Control Loops
10.7.1 Dissolved oxygen control
10.7.2 Ammonia-Based DO control
10.7.3 Recycle flow controls
10.7.4 Chemical precipitation
10.7.5 Anaerobic digestion process control
10.8 Minimising Operating Cost
10.8.1 Approaches
10.8.2 The human factor
10.9 Concluding Remarks
Chapter 11: Evolutionary operation
11.1 Learning
11.2 Application to Sewage Treatment Plants
11.2.1 Plant improvement strategies
11.2.2 Learning curves
11.2.3 Startup phase
11.3 Long-Term Improvement
11.3.1 Potential
11.3.2 Tuning
11.3.3 Stress testing
11.3.4 Debottlenecking
11.3.5 Costs
11.4 EVOP Procedures
11.4.1 Method
11.4.2 Trend plots
11.4.3 General principles
11.5 Faux EVOP
Appendix 1: A note on the statistics of variability
Average and Median.
Percentiles
Application
Appendix 2: Chemicals: useful properties
Appendix 3: Abbreviations
References
Index.

Tuning biological nutrient removal plants / / Ken Hartley.

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