The Delft sand, clay & rock cutting model / / by Sape A. Miedema.

• VerfasserIn: Miedema, Sape A.,
• Place / Publishing House: Amsterdam, Netherlands : : IOS Press,, 2014.; ©2014
• Year of Publication: 2014
• Edition: First edition.
• Language: English
• Physical Description: 1 online resource (558 pages) :; illustrations (some colour), charts.
• Notes: Bibliographic Level Mode of Issuance: Monograph

Sand, clay and rock have to be excavated for a variety of purposes, such as dredging, trenching, mining (including deep sea mining), drilling, tunnel boring and many other applications. Many excavations take place on dry land, but they are also frequently required in completely saturated conditions, and the methods necessary to accomplish them consequently vary widely.<br /><br />This book provides an overview of cutting theories. It begins with a generic model, valid for all types of soil (sand, clay and rock), and continues with the specifics of dry sand, water-saturated sand, clay, atmospheric rock and hyperbaric rock. Small blade angles and large blade angles are discussed for each soil type, and for each case considered the equations/model for cutting forces, power and specific energy are given.<br /> <br />With models verified by laboratory research, principally from the Delft University of Technology, and data from other recognized sources, this book will prove an invaluable reference for anybody whose work involves major excavations of any kind.

Table of Contents

Title Page. -- Preface. -- Table of Contents. -- Chapter 1: Introduction. -- 1.1. Approach. -- Chapter 2: Basic Soil Mechanics. -- 2.1. Introduction. -- 2.2. The Mohr Circle. -- 2.3. Active Soil Failure. -- 2.4. Passive Soil Failure. -- 2.5. Summary. -- 2.6. Shear Strength versus Friction. -- 2.7. Nomenclature. -- Chapter 3: The General Cutting Process. -- 3.1. Cutting Mechanisms. -- 3.2. Definitions. -- 3.3. The Flow/ Shear/Crushed Type. -- 3.3.1. The Equilibrium of Forces. -- 3.3.2. The Individual Forces. -- 3.4. The Curling Type. -- 3.5. The Tear Type and Chip Type. -- 3.6. The Snow Plough Effect. -- 3.6.1. The Normal and Friction Forces on the Shear Surface and Blade. -- 3.6.2. The 3D Cutting Theory. -- 3.6.3. Velocity Conditions. -- 3.6.4. The Deviation Force. -- 3.6.5. The Resulting Cutting Forces. -- 3.7. Example Program in Visual Basic 6. -- 3.8. Finding the Shear Angle. -- 3.9. Specific Cutting Energy Esp. -- 3.10. Nomenclature. -- Chapter 4: Which Cutting Mechanism for Which Kind of Soil? -- 4.1. Cutting Dry Sand. -- 4.2. Cutting Water Saturated Sand. -- 4.3. Cutting Clay. -- 4.4. Cutting Rock Atmospheric. -- 4.5. Cutting Rock Hyperbaric. -- 4.6. Summary. -- 4.7. Nomenclature. -- Chapter 5: Dry Sand Cutting. -- 5.1. Introduction. -- 5.2. Definitions. -- 5.3. The Equilibrium of Forces. -- 5.4. An Alternative Shape of the Layer Cut. -- 5.5. The Influence of Inertial Forces. -- 5.6. Specific Energy. -- 5.7. Usage of the Model for Dry Sand. -- 5.8. Experiments in Dry Sand. -- 5.8.1. Hatamura &amp -- Chijiiwa (1977). -- 5.8.2. Wismer &amp -- Luth (1972B). -- 5.9. Nomenclature. -- Chapter 6: Saturated Sand Cutting. -- 6.1. Introduction. -- 6.2. Definitions. -- 6.3. Cutting Theory Literature. -- 6.4. The Equilibrium of Forces. -- 6.5. Determination of the Pore Pressures. -- 6.6. Numerical Water Pore Pressure Calculations.

6.7. The Blade Tip Problem. -- 6.8. Analytical/Numerical Water Pore Pressure Calculations. -- 6.9. Determination of the Shear Angle β. -- 6.10. The Coefficients a1 and a2. -- 6.11. Determination of the Coefficients c1, c2, d1 and d2. -- 6.12. Specific Cutting Energy. -- 6.12.1. Specific Energy and Production in Sand. -- 6.12.2. The Transition Cavitating/Non-Cavitating. -- 6.12.3. Conclusions Specific Energy -- 6.12.4. Wear and Side Effects. -- 6.13. Experiments. -- 6.13.1. Description of the Test Facility. -- 6.13.2. Test Program. -- 6.13.3. Water Resistance. -- 6.13.4. The Influence of the Width of the Blade. -- 6.13.5. Side Effects. -- 6.13.6. Scale Effects. -- 6.13.7. Comparison of Measurements versus Theory. -- 6.13.8. Location of the Resulting Cutting Force. -- 6.13.9. Verification of the Theory in 200 μm Sand. -- 6.13.10. Verification of the Theory in 105 μm Sand. -- 6.13.11. Determination of phi and delta from Measurements. -- 6.14. General Conclusions. -- 6.15. The Snow Plough Effect. -- 6.16. Nomenclature. -- Chapter 7: Clay Cutting. -- 7.1. Definitions. -- 7.2. Introduction. -- 7.3. The Influence of Strain Rate on the Cutting Process. -- 7.3.1. Introduction. -- 7.3.2. The Rate Process Theory. -- 7.3.3. Proposed Rate Process Theory. -- 7.3.4. The Proposed Theory versus some other Theories. -- 7.3.5. Verification of the Theory Developed. -- 7.3.6. Resulting Equations. -- 7.4. The Flow Type. -- 7.4.1. The Forces. -- 7.4.2. Finding the Shear Angle. -- 7.4.3. Specific Energy. -- 7.5. The Tear Type. -- 7.5.1. Introduction. -- 7.5.2. The Normal Force on the Shear Plane. -- 7.5.3. The Mobilized Shear Strength. -- 7.5.4. The Resulting Cutting Forces. -- 7.6. The Curling Type. -- 7.6.1. Introduction. -- 7.6.2. The Normal Force on the Blade. -- 7.6.3. The Equilibrium of Moments. -- 7.7. Resulting Forces. -- 7.8. Experiments in Clay.

7.8.1. Experiments of Hatamura &amp -- Chijiiwa (1977). -- 7.8.2. Wismer &amp -- Luth (1972B). -- 7.9. Nomenclature. -- Chapter 8: Rock Cutting: Atmospheric Conditions. -- 8.1. Introduction. -- 8.2. Cutting Models. -- 8.2.1. The Model of Evans. -- 8.2.2. The Model of Evans under an Angle ε. -- 8.2.3. The Model of Evans used for a Pick point. -- 8.2.4. Summary of the Evans Theory. -- 8.2.5. The Nishimatsu Model. -- 8.3. The Flow Type (Based on the Merchant Model). -- 8.4. Determining the Angle β. -- 8.5. The Tear Type and the Chip Type. -- 8.6. Correction on the Tear Type and the Chip Type. -- 8.7. Specific Energy. -- 8.8. Nomenclature. -- Chapter 9: Rock Cutting: Hyperbaric Conditions. -- 9.1. Introduction. -- 9.2. The Flow Type and the Crushed Type. -- 9.3. The Tear Type and the Chip Type. -- 9.4. The Curling Type. -- 9.5. Experiments of Zijsling (1987). -- 9.6. Specific Energy. -- 9.7. Specific Energy Graphs. -- 9.8. Nomenclature. -- Chapter 10: The Occurrence of a Wedge. -- 10.1. Introduction. -- 10.2. The Force Equilibrium. -- 10.3. The Equilibrium of Moments. -- 10.4. Nomenclature. -- Chapter 11: A Wedge in Dry Sand Cutting. -- 11.1. Introduction. -- 11.2. The Force Equilibrium. -- 11.3. The Equilibrium of Moments. -- 11.4. Results of some Calculations. -- 11.5. Experiments of Hatamura &amp -- Chijiiwa (1977). -- 11.6. Nomenclature. -- Chapter 12: A Wedge in Saturated Sand Cutting. -- 12.1. Introduction. -- 12.2. The Equilibrium of Forces. -- 12.3. Pore Pressures. -- 12.4. The Equilibrium of Moments. -- 12.5. The Non-Cavitating Wedge. -- 12.7. Limits. -- 12.9. The Dynamic Wedge. -- 12.10. Nomenclature. -- Chapter 13: A Wedge in Clay Cutting. -- 13.1. Introduction. -- 13.2. The Equilibrium of Forces. -- 13.3. The Equilibrium of Moments. -- 13.4. Nomenclature. -- Chapter 14: A Wedge in Atmospheric Rock Cutting. -- 14.1. Introduction.

14.2. The Equilibrium of Forces. -- 14.3. The Equilibrium of Moments. -- 14.4. Nomenclature. -- Chapter 15: A Wedge in Hyperbaric Rock Cutting. -- 15.1. Introduction. -- 15.2. The Equilibrium of Forces. -- 15.3. The Equilibrium of Moments. -- 15.4. Nomenclature. -- Chapter 16: Bibliography. -- Chapter 17: Figures &amp -- Tables. -- 17.1. List of Figures. -- 17.2. List of Figures in Appendices. -- 17.3. List of Tables. -- 17.4. List of Tables in Appendices. -- Chapter 18: Appendices. -- Appendix A: Active &amp -- Passive Soil Failure Coefficients. -- Appendix B: Dry Sand Cutting Coefficients. -- B.1 Standard Configuration. -- B.1.1 Standard hb/hi=1. -- B.1.2 Standard hb/hi=2. -- B.1.3 Standard hb/hi=3. -- B.2 Alternative Configuration. -- B.2.1 Alternative hb/hi=1. -- B.2.2 Alternative hb/hi=2. -- B.2.3 Alternative hb/hi=3. -- B.3 Percentage of Inertial Forces. -- Appendix C: Dimensionless Pore Pressures p1m &amp -- p2m. -- Appendix D: The Shear Angle β Non-Cavitating. -- Appendix E: The Coefficient c1. -- Appendix F: The Coefficient c2. -- Appendix G: The Coefficient a1. -- Appendix H: The Shear Angle β Cavitating. -- Appendix I: The Coefficient d1. -- Appendix J: The Coefficient d2. -- Appendix K: The Properties of the 200 μm Sand. -- Appendix L: The Properties of the 105 μm Sand. -- Appendix M: Experiments in Water Saturated Sand. -- M.1 Pore pressures and cutting forces in 105 μm Sand -- M.2 Pore Pressures in 200 μm Sand. -- M.3 Cutting Forces in 200 μm Sand. -- Appendix N: The Snow Plough Effect. -- Appendix O: Specific Energy in Sand. -- Appendix P: Occurrence of a Wedge, Non-Cavitating. -- Appendix Q: Occurrence of a Wedge, Cavitating. -- Appendix R: Pore Pressures with Wedge. -- Appendix S: FEM Calculations with Wedge. -- S.1 The Boundaries of the FEM Model. -- S.2 The 60 Degree Blade. -- S.3 The 75 Degree Blade. -- S.4 The 90 Degree Blade.

Appendix T: Force Triangles. -- Appendix U: Specific Energy in Clay. -- Appendix V: Clay Cutting Charts. -- Appendix W: Rock Cutting Charts. -- Appendix X: Hyperbaric Rock Cutting Charts. -- X.1 The Curling Type of the 30 Degree Blade. -- X.2 The Curling Type of the 45 Degree Blade. -- X.3 The Curling Type of the 60 Degree Blade. -- X.4 The Curling Type of the 75 Degree Blade. -- X.5 The Curling Type of the 90 Degree Blade. -- X.6 The Curling Type of the 105 Degree Blade. -- X.7 The Curling Type of the 120 Degree Blade. -- Appendix Y: Publications.