Inequality in the developing world / / edited by Carlos Gradín, Murray Leibbrandt, and Finn Tarp.

• Superior document: UNU-WIDER studies in development economics
• TeilnehmendeR: Gradín, Carlos,; Leibbrandt, M. V.,; Tarp, Finn, 1951-
• Place / Publishing House: Oxford : : Oxford University Press,, 2021.
• Year of Publication: 2021
• Edition: First edition.
• Language: English
• Series: UNU-WIDER studies in development economics.; Oxford scholarship online.
• Physical Description: 1 online resource (384 pages) :; illustrations (black and white), maps (colour).
• Notes: This edition also issued in print: 2021.; "This is an open access publication. Except where otherwise noted, this work is distributed under the terms of a Creative Commons Attribution-Non Commercial-Share Alike 3.0 IGO licence (CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 IGO)"--Home page.

Inequality has emerged as a key development challenge. It holds implications for economic growth and redistribution and translates into power asymmetries that can endanger human rights, create conflict, and embed social exclusion and chronic poverty. For these reasons, it underpins intense public and academic debates and has become a dominant policy concern within many countries and in all multilateral agencies. It is at the core of the 17 goals of the UN 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development. This book contributes to this important discussion by presenting assessments of the measurement and analysis of global inequality by leading inequality scholars, aligning these to comprehensive reviews of inequality trends in five of the world's largest developing countries - Brazil, China, India, Mexico, and South Africa.

Table of Contents

Intro -- Halftitle page -- Series page -- Title page -- Copyright page -- Foreword -- Acknowledgements -- Contents -- List of Figures -- List of Tables -- List of Abbreviations -- Notes on Contributors -- Part I. Introduction -- 1. Setting the Scene -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Global Inequality and Inequality within Countries -- 3 Inequality in Five Developing Giants -- 4 Inequality in a Broader Context -- Part II. Global Inequality and Inequality Within Countries -- 2. What Might Explain Today's Conflicting Narratives on Global Inequality? -- 1 Introduction -- 2 An Overview of the Evidence on Global Income Inequality -- 3 Data Concerns -- 4 Ethical Aversion to Extremes in Either Tail -- 5 Absolute Inequality -- 6 Conclusions -- 3. Comparing Global Inequality of Income and Wealth -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Previous Studies of Global Inequality -- 3 Data Issues -- 4 Trends in Income and Wealth Inequality -- 5 Decomposing the Level of Income and Wealth Inequality -- 6 Decomposing the Inequality Trend of Income and Wealth -- 7 Conclusion -- 4. Empirical Challenges Comparing Inequality across Countries: The Case of Middle-Income Countries from the LIS Database -- 1 Introduction -- 2 The Challenges of Harmonizing Data from Middle-Income Countries -- 3 Data and Variables -- 4 Methodology -- 5 Results -- 6 Concluding Remarks -- Part III. Inequality In Five Developing Giants -- 5. Brazil: What Are the Main Drivers of Income Distribution Changes in the New Millennium? -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Brazilian Social and Economic Developments -- 3 Are Firm Effects Driving Formal Earnings Inequality? -- 4 What Is the Role of Educational Background? -- 5 Does Missing Income Affect Distribution? -- 6 How Did Taxes and Transfers Steer Distributive Changes? -- 7 Combining PIT Records and Surveys: Words of Caution -- 8 Conclusions.

6. China: Structural Change, Transition, Rent-Seeking and Corruption, and Government Policy -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Income Inequality in China: Major Trends -- 3 Economic Development, Structural Change, and the Kuznets Inverted U -- 4 Economic Transition -- 5 Incomplete Transition -- 6 Distributional Policies -- 7 Conclusions -- 7. India: Inequality Trends and Dynamics: The Bird's-Eye and the Granular Perspectives -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Inequality Levels and Trends in India: A Bird's-Eye View -- 3 Inequality at the Village Level: A Granular View -- 4 Dynamics of Spatial and Local Inequality -- 5 Poverty, Vulnerability, and Mobility in India -- 6 Inequality of Opportunity and Economic Growth -- 7 Conclusion -- 8. Mexico: Labour Markets and Fiscal Redistribution 1989-2014 -- 1 Introduction -- 2 The Level and Evolution of Income Inequality and Poverty: 1989-2014 -- 3 The Evolution and Determinants of Labour Income Inequality -- 4 Fiscal Redistribution: 1996-2015 -- 5 Main Conclusions and Policy Implications -- 9. South Africa: The Top End, Labour Markets, Fiscal Redistribution, and the Persistence of Very High Inequality -- 1 Introduction -- 2 The Drivers of Post-Apartheid Income Inequality -- 3 A New Focus on the Top End of the Income Distribution -- 4 Earnings and the Labour Market: The Drivers of Earnings Inequality -- 5 Towards Policy: Evidence from Fiscal Incidence Studies -- 6 Disappointing Outcomes: Inequality Persistence and Low Social Mobility -- 7 Conclusion -- Part IV. Inequality In A Broader Context -- 10. Economic Inequality and Subjective Well-Being Across the World -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Measuring Inequality -- 3 Data, Methods, and Results -- 4 Conclusion -- 11. China and the United States: Different Economic Models But Similarly Low Levels of Socioeconomic Mobility -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Measuring Inter-generational Mobility.

3 Income versus Education Mobility -- 4 Intergenerational Mobility in Education over Time -- 5 Policy Changes in China and the US Underlying the Trends in Socioeconomic Mobility -- 6 Concluding Remarks -- 12. From Manufacturing-Led Export Growth to a Twenty-First Century Inclusive Growth Strategy: Explaining the Demise of a Successful Growth Model and What to Do about It -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Explaining the End of Manufacturing-Led Growth -- 3 The Stockholm Statement -- 4 Deconstructing the Success of the Manufacturing Export-Led Model -- 5 A Multi-Pronged Strategy -- 6 Industrial Policies and Dynamic Comparative Advantage -- 7 Reassessing Comparative Advantage -- 8 How Can Developed Countries Help? -- 9 Concluding Remarks: Reformulating Development Thinking -- Part V. Synthesis And Policy Implications -- 13. Synthesis and Policy Implications -- 1 Introduction -- 2 New Perspectives on Global Inequalities -- 3 Inequality in Five Developing Giants: Common Patterns? -- 4 Common Challenges in Measuring Inequality: Making the Most of Data -- 5 Inequality Trends and Drivers -- 6 Conclusion and Policy Implications -- Index.