Table of Contents: Reading Prehistoric Human Tracks :

Reading Prehistoric Human Tracks : : Methods and Material.

This Open Access book explains that after long periods of prehistoric research in which the importance of the archaeological as well as the natural context of rock art has been constantly underestimated, research has now begun to take this context into focus for documentation, analysis, interpretati...

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Bibliographic Details
:	Pastoors, Andreas.
TeilnehmendeR:	Lenssen-Erz, Tilman.
Place / Publishing House:	Cham : : Springer International Publishing AG,, 2021. ©2021.
Year of Publication:	2021
Language:	English
Physical Description:	1 online resource (437 pages)
Tags:	Add Tag No Tags, Be the first to tag this record!

Table of Contents:

Intro
Foreword
Preface
Acknowledgments
Contents
Chapter 1: Introduction
Examples of Indigenous Spoor Interpretation
On this Book
References
Part I: Methodological Diversity in the Analysis of Human Tracks
Chapter 2: Inferences from Footprints: Archaeological Best Practice
Introduction
Digital Capture, Documentation and Stratigraphic Context
Analytical Tools in Ichnology
Types of Inference from Human Footprints
Anatomical Inferences
Biomechanical Inferences
Palaeobiological Inferences
Faunal Sampling
Problems of Co-association
Conclusions
References
Chapter 3: Repetition Without Repetition: A Comparison of the Laetoli G1, Ileret, Namibian Holocene and Modern Human Footprint...
Introduction
Methods
Results and Interpretations
Discussion
Conclusion
Supplementary Material
Detailed Materials and Methods
Additional Footprint Discussion
References
Chapter 4: Reproduce to Understand: Experimental Approach Based on Footprints in Cussac Cave (Southwestern France)
Introduction
The Karst Setting
Formation
Preservation Context
Cussac Cave
Contextual Setting
Tracks at Cussac and Taphonomy
Materiel and Methods
Experimental Protocol
Descriptions, Metrics and 3D Models
Results
Formation Sediment and Flooding Sediment Load
Formation Sediment
Flooding Sediment Load
General Morphology
Topography
Original Experimental Footprints
Footprint Evolution
Discussion
Conclusion
References
Chapter 5: Experimental Re-creation of the Depositional Context in Which Late Pleistocene Tracks Were Found on the Pacific Coa...
Introduction
Methods
Results
Discussion and Conclusions
References
Chapter 6: Reading Spoor
Introduction
The Art of Tracking
Methodological Aspects of Tracking.
Implications for the Archaeology of Prehistoric Human Tracks
The Wider Potential of Tracking
Conclusion
References
Part II: Case Studies from Around the Globe
Chapter 7: Perspectives on Pliocene and Pleistocene Pedal Patterns and Protection
Introduction
The Tarsometatarsal Skeletons
The Hallux
The Lateral Metatarsophalangeal Articulations
Lateral Proximal Phalanx Lengths and Shafts
Proximal Pedal Phalanx Diaphyseal Hypertrophy
Implications for Pliocene and Pleistocene Footprints
References
Chapter 8: Frozen in the Ashes
Forty Years of Research at Laetoli
The Discovery of Laetoli Site S
Survey of Laetoli Site S: A Case Study for Photogrammetry Application in Extreme Environments
Laetoli Site S Footprints: Results and Implications
Laetoli Footprints: Perspectives
References
Chapter 9: Steps from History
Introduction
Background to Happisburgh
Happisburgh Site 3
The Footprint Surface
Implications of the Happisburgh Footprints
Impact of the Happisburgh Footprints
Conclusion
References
Chapter 10: Reconsideration of the Antiquity of the Middle Palaeolithic Footprints from Theopetra Cave (Thessaly, Greece)
Introduction
Historical Background
Materials and Methods
Chronology - Dating
Archaeology - Lithic Artefacts
Description of the Footprints
Results
Contour Analysis (3D Laser Scanner)
Sex and Age
Stature
Discussion
Conclusion
References
Chapter 11: On the Tracks of Neandertals: The Ichnological Assemblage from Le Rozel (Normandy, France)
Introduction
The Neandertal Footprint Record
The Archaeological Site from Le Rozel
Material and Methods
Results
Preservation and Distribution of the Tracks
Human Footprints
Human Handprints
Animal Tracks
Discussion
References.
Chapter 12: Hominin Footprints in Caves from Romanian Carpathians
Introduction
Vârtop Cave (Bihor Mountains)
Room of the Steps and the Vârtop Footprints
Geochronology
Ciur Izbuc Cave (Pădurea Craiului Mountains)
References
Chapter 13: Episodes of Magdalenian Hunter-Gatherers in the Upper Gallery of Tuc d´Audoubert (Ariège, France)
Introduction
Design of the Project
Participants
Materials
The Volp Caves
The Cave of Tuc d´Audoubert
Archaeological Context
Human Tracks
Methods
Results
Galerie des Effondrements
Galerie des Empreintes
Western End Section
Western Centre
Eastern Centre
Eastern End Section
Galerie des Petits Pieds
Salle des Talons
Synopsis
Identity of the Trackmakers
Identified Events
Track Details
Spoor Type, Side and Trackways
Carrying Additional Weight
Body Postures and Gait
Group Configuration
Axis of Locomotion
Human Interaction with Cave Bear Bones
Superimposition of Human Tracks
General Conditions and Reliability of Identification
Discussion and Conclusion
References
Chapter 14: Following the Father Steps in the Bowels of the Earth: The Ichnological Record from the Bàsura Cave (Upper Palaeol...
Introduction
Human Footprints of the Bàsura Cave: Previous Studies
Geology of the Bàsura Cave
Ichnology of Bàsura Cave
Footprints, Handprints, Finger and Human Body Traces
Finger Flutings
Clay Pits and Related Finger Traces
Animal Traces
Approaches and Methodologies
High-Resolution Digital Photogrammetry
3D Scanning
Morphometric Analysis
The Archaeological Approach and New Absolute Dating
Charcoal Remains and Insights on the Illumination of Caves
Inferences from Human Tracks and the Reconstruction of a Scenery
The Human Trackmaker Identikit
The Exploration of the Cavity.
Bàsura Cave in the Regional Context
Concluding Remarks
References
Chapter 15: Prehistoric Speleological Exploration in the Cave of Aldène in Cesseras (Hérault, France): Human Footprint Paths a...
Introduction
A Major Natural Cave for the Heritage
Exceptional Deposit Conditions
A Problem of Complementary Study
The Contribution of the Traces of Torches
Human Footprints
The Study of the Human Footprints of the Paul Ambert Gallery
A New Research Program
References
Chapter 16: The Mesolithic Footprints Retained in One Bed of the Former Saltmarshes at Formby Point, Sefton Coast, North West ...
Introduction
The Palaeoenvironment
Previous Studies at Formby Point
Footprint Formation and Preservation Process
Blundell Path C
The Footprints in the Bed
Context 3, the Lowest Layer
Context 2, the Middle Layer
Context 1, the Top Layer
Activity on the Mudflats
Faunal Behaviour in the Intertidal Zone
Humans in the Intertidal Zone
Experience in the Intertidal Zone
Evidence of Coastal Occupation
Hunter-Gatherer-Foragers at Formby
Conclusion
References
Chapter 17: Prehistoric Human Tracks in Ojo Guareña Cave System (Burgos, Spain): The Sala and Galerías de las Huellas
Introduction
The Site
Access to a Complicated Sector
Materials and Methods
Footprint Documentation
Footprints and Trackways
Estimation of Height and Weight
Chronology
Results
Footprints and Trackways
Chronology
Discussion
Conclusion
References
Part III: Experiences with Indigenous Experts
Chapter 18: Tracking with Batek Hunter-Gatherers of Malaysia
Introduction
Ethnographic Background
Tracking Habitats
Hunting, Animals, Tracks
Encountering Forest Tracks
Simple, Systematic, and Speculative Tracking
Discussion
References.
Chapter 19: Identify, Search and Monitor by Tracks: Elements of Analysis of Pastoral Know-How in Saharan-Sahelian Societies
Introduction
Inspect, Interpret and Follow Tracks: A Common and Essential Activity in the Sahara and Sahel
Geographical Knowledge Relating to Sandy Soil
A Shared but Unevenly Distributed Pastoral Know-How
Footprint Identification Criteria
Hodological Strategy and Temporalities of Tracks
The Clues Associated with the Tracks
Confirm, Secure or Subvert the Social Order
Tracks as a Reflection of the Social Hierarchy
How Can You Steal Without Signing Your Crime in the Sand?
Monitor by Tracks
The Effects of Sedentarization: Tracks in a World That Closes, Freezes and Fixes Itself
Tracks in Hunting Practice
The Increased Difficulties of ``Trace´´ Tracking in a Sedentary World
References
Chapter 20: Trackers´ Consensual Talk: Precise Data for Archaeology
Introduction: Tracking and Talking
Trackers´ Knowledge as Precise Data for Archaeology
Tracking the Tracking in Caves Project
Lesson 1
Lesson 2
Effects of Lessons
Science and Memory
Conclusion: Talk, Narrative, and Consensus as Data
References
Chapter 21: An Echo from a Footprint: A Step Too Far
A New Footprint
An Old Footprint
References
Chapter 22: Walking Together: Ways of Collaboration in Western-Indigenous Research on Footprints
Introduction
Western and Indigenous Knowledge Systems
Differences and Similarities
Relationality and Validity
The Networked Space
Horizontal Structures of Living and Learning
Horizontal Structures of Power
Implementing Ethics in Research
Indigenous Guidelines
Ethics Guide for Tracking Projects
Project Preparation
Project Implementation
Evaluation and Completion of the Project
The Common Language.
Indigenous Interpretation and Interview.

Reading Prehistoric Human Tracks : : Methods and Material.

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