An Introduction to Ethics in Robotics and AI / / by Christoph Bartneck, Christoph Lütge, Alan Wagner, Sean Welsh.
This open access book introduces the reader to the foundations of AI and ethics. It discusses issues of trust, responsibility, liability, privacy and risk. It focuses on the interaction between people and the AI systems and Robotics they use. Designed to be accessible for a broad audience, reading t...
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Place / Publishing House: | Cham : : Springer International Publishing :, Imprint: Springer,, 2021. |
Year of Publication: | 2021 |
Edition: | 1st ed. 2021. |
Language: | English |
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Physical Description: | 1 online resource (XI, 117 p. 18 illus. in color.) |
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Bartneck, Christoph, 1973- author. aut http://id.loc.gov/vocabulary/relators/aut An Introduction to Ethics in Robotics and AI / by Christoph Bartneck, Christoph Lütge, Alan Wagner, Sean Welsh. 1st ed. 2021. Springer Nature 2021 Cham : Springer International Publishing : Imprint: Springer, 2021. 1 online resource (XI, 117 p. 18 illus. in color.) text txt rdacontent computer c rdamedia online resource cr rdacarrier SpringerBriefs in Ethics, 2211-8101 Open access Unrestricted online access star This open access book introduces the reader to the foundations of AI and ethics. It discusses issues of trust, responsibility, liability, privacy and risk. It focuses on the interaction between people and the AI systems and Robotics they use. Designed to be accessible for a broad audience, reading this book does not require prerequisite technical, legal or philosophical expertise. Throughout, the authors use examples to illustrate the issues at hand and conclude the book with a discussion on the application areas of AI and Robotics, in particular autonomous vehicles, automatic weapon systems and biased algorithms. A list of questions and further readings is also included for students willing to explore the topic further. Description based on publisher supplied metadata and other sources. Intro -- Contents -- List of Figures -- 1 About the Book -- 1.1 Authors -- 1.2 Structure of the Book -- 2 What Is AI? -- 2.1 Introduction to AI -- 2.1.1 The Turing Test -- 2.1.2 Strong and Weak AI -- 2.1.3 Types of AI Systems -- 2.2 What Is Machine Learning? -- 2.3 What Is a Robot? -- 2.3.1 Sense-Plan-Act -- 2.3.2 System Integration. Necessary but Difficult -- 2.4 What Is Hard for AI -- 2.5 Science and Fiction of AI -- 3 What Is Ethics? -- 3.1 Descriptive Ethics -- 3.2 Normative Ethics -- 3.2.1 Deontological Ethics -- 3.2.2 Consequentialist Ethics -- 3.2.3 Virtue Ethics -- 3.3 Meta-ethics -- 3.4 Applied Ethics -- 3.5 Relationship Between Ethics and Law -- 3.6 Machine Ethics -- 3.6.1 Machine Ethics Examples -- 3.6.2 Moral Diversity and Testing -- 4 Trust and Fairness in AI Systems -- 4.1 User Acceptance and Trust -- 4.2 Functional Elements of Trust -- 4.3 Ethical Principles for Trustworthy and Fair AI -- 4.3.1 Non-maleficence -- 4.3.2 Beneficence -- 4.3.3 Autonomy -- 4.3.4 Justice -- 4.3.5 Explicability -- 4.4 Conclusion -- 5 Responsibility and Liability in the Case of AI Systems -- 5.1 Example 1: Crash of an Autonomous Vehicle -- 5.2 Example 2: Mistargeting by an Autonomous Weapon -- 5.2.1 Attribution of Responsibility and Liability -- 5.2.2 Moral Responsibility Versus Liability -- 5.3 Strict Liability -- 5.4 Complex Liability: The Problem of Many Hands -- 5.5 Consequences of Liability: Sanctions -- 6 Risks in the Business of AI -- 6.1 General Business Risks -- 6.1.1 Functional Risk -- 6.1.2 Systemic Risk -- 6.1.3 Risk of Fraud -- 6.1.4 Safety Risk -- 6.2 Ethical Risks of AI -- 6.2.1 Reputational Risk -- 6.2.2 Legal Risk -- 6.2.3 Environmental Risk -- 6.2.4 Social Risk -- 6.3 Managing Risk of AI -- 6.4 Business Ethics for AI Companies -- 6.5 Risks of AI to Workers -- 7 Psychological Aspects of AI -- 7.1 Problems of Anthropomorphisation. 7.1.1 Misplaced Feelings Towards AI -- 7.1.2 Misplaced Trust in AI -- 7.2 Persuasive AI -- 7.3 Unidirectional Emotional Bonding with AI -- 8 Privacy Issues of AI -- 8.1 What Is Privacy? -- 8.2 Why AI Needs Data -- 8.3 Private Data Collection and Its Dangers -- 8.3.1 Persistence Surveillance -- 8.3.2 Usage of Private Data for Non-intended Purposes -- 8.3.3 Auto Insurance Discrimination -- 8.3.4 The Chinese Social Credit System -- 8.4 Future Perspectives -- 9 Application Areas of AI -- 9.1 Ethical Issues Related to AI Enhancement -- 9.1.1 Restoration Versus Enhancement -- 9.1.2 Enhancement for the Purpose of Competition -- 9.2 Ethical Issues Related to Robots and Healthcare -- 9.3 Robots and Telemedicine -- 9.3.1 Older Adults and Social Isolation -- 9.3.2 Nudging -- 9.3.3 Psychological Care -- 9.3.4 Exoskeletons -- 9.3.5 Quality of Care -- 9.4 Education -- 9.4.1 AI in Educational Administrative Support -- 9.4.2 Teaching -- 9.4.3 Forecasting Students' Performance -- 9.5 Sex Robots -- 10 Autonomous Vehicles -- 10.1 Levels of Autonomous Driving -- 10.2 Current Situation -- 10.3 Ethical Benefits of AVs -- 10.4 Accidents with AVs -- 10.5 Ethical Guidelines for AVs -- 10.6 Ethical Questions in AVs -- 10.6.1 Accountability and Liability -- 10.6.2 Situations of Unavoidable Accidents -- 10.6.3 Privacy Issues -- 10.6.4 Security -- 10.6.5 Appropriate Design of Human-Machine Interface -- 10.6.6 Machine Learning -- 10.6.7 Manually Overruling the System? -- 10.6.8 Possible Ethical Questions in Future Scenarios -- 11 Military Uses of AI -- 11.1 Definitions -- 11.2 The Use of Autonomous Weapons Systems -- 11.2.1 Discrimination -- 11.2.2 Proportionality -- 11.2.3 Responsibility -- 11.3 Regulations Governing an AWS -- 11.4 Ethical Arguments for and Against AI for Military Purposes -- 11.4.1 Arguments in Favour -- 11.4.2 Arguments Against -- 11.5 Conclusion. 12 Ethics in AI and Robotics: A Strategic Challenge -- 12.1 The Role of Ethics -- 12.2 International Cooperation -- Appendix References -- -- Index. English Engineering ethics. Robotics. Psychology, Applied. Engineering Ethics. https://scigraph.springernature.com/ontologies/product-market-codes/E14030 Robotics. https://scigraph.springernature.com/ontologies/product-market-codes/I21050 Applied Psychology. https://scigraph.springernature.com/ontologies/product-market-codes/Y20210 Engineering Ethics Robotics Applied Psychology Moral Philosophy and Applied Ethics Behavioral Sciences and Psychology AI and ethics ethics and robotics descriptive ethics relationship between ethics and law machine ethics machine meta-ethics machine normative ethics types of AI systems strong and weak AI challenges of AI Open Access Ethics & moral philosophy Technology: general issues Artificial intelligence Psychology 3-030-51109-X Lütge, Christoph. author. aut http://id.loc.gov/vocabulary/relators/aut Wagner, Alan. author. aut http://id.loc.gov/vocabulary/relators/aut Welsh, Sean. author. aut http://id.loc.gov/vocabulary/relators/aut |
language |
English |
format |
eBook |
author |
Bartneck, Christoph, 1973- Bartneck, Christoph, 1973- Lütge, Christoph. Wagner, Alan. Welsh, Sean. |
spellingShingle |
Bartneck, Christoph, 1973- Bartneck, Christoph, 1973- Lütge, Christoph. Wagner, Alan. Welsh, Sean. An Introduction to Ethics in Robotics and AI / SpringerBriefs in Ethics, Intro -- Contents -- List of Figures -- 1 About the Book -- 1.1 Authors -- 1.2 Structure of the Book -- 2 What Is AI? -- 2.1 Introduction to AI -- 2.1.1 The Turing Test -- 2.1.2 Strong and Weak AI -- 2.1.3 Types of AI Systems -- 2.2 What Is Machine Learning? -- 2.3 What Is a Robot? -- 2.3.1 Sense-Plan-Act -- 2.3.2 System Integration. Necessary but Difficult -- 2.4 What Is Hard for AI -- 2.5 Science and Fiction of AI -- 3 What Is Ethics? -- 3.1 Descriptive Ethics -- 3.2 Normative Ethics -- 3.2.1 Deontological Ethics -- 3.2.2 Consequentialist Ethics -- 3.2.3 Virtue Ethics -- 3.3 Meta-ethics -- 3.4 Applied Ethics -- 3.5 Relationship Between Ethics and Law -- 3.6 Machine Ethics -- 3.6.1 Machine Ethics Examples -- 3.6.2 Moral Diversity and Testing -- 4 Trust and Fairness in AI Systems -- 4.1 User Acceptance and Trust -- 4.2 Functional Elements of Trust -- 4.3 Ethical Principles for Trustworthy and Fair AI -- 4.3.1 Non-maleficence -- 4.3.2 Beneficence -- 4.3.3 Autonomy -- 4.3.4 Justice -- 4.3.5 Explicability -- 4.4 Conclusion -- 5 Responsibility and Liability in the Case of AI Systems -- 5.1 Example 1: Crash of an Autonomous Vehicle -- 5.2 Example 2: Mistargeting by an Autonomous Weapon -- 5.2.1 Attribution of Responsibility and Liability -- 5.2.2 Moral Responsibility Versus Liability -- 5.3 Strict Liability -- 5.4 Complex Liability: The Problem of Many Hands -- 5.5 Consequences of Liability: Sanctions -- 6 Risks in the Business of AI -- 6.1 General Business Risks -- 6.1.1 Functional Risk -- 6.1.2 Systemic Risk -- 6.1.3 Risk of Fraud -- 6.1.4 Safety Risk -- 6.2 Ethical Risks of AI -- 6.2.1 Reputational Risk -- 6.2.2 Legal Risk -- 6.2.3 Environmental Risk -- 6.2.4 Social Risk -- 6.3 Managing Risk of AI -- 6.4 Business Ethics for AI Companies -- 6.5 Risks of AI to Workers -- 7 Psychological Aspects of AI -- 7.1 Problems of Anthropomorphisation. 7.1.1 Misplaced Feelings Towards AI -- 7.1.2 Misplaced Trust in AI -- 7.2 Persuasive AI -- 7.3 Unidirectional Emotional Bonding with AI -- 8 Privacy Issues of AI -- 8.1 What Is Privacy? -- 8.2 Why AI Needs Data -- 8.3 Private Data Collection and Its Dangers -- 8.3.1 Persistence Surveillance -- 8.3.2 Usage of Private Data for Non-intended Purposes -- 8.3.3 Auto Insurance Discrimination -- 8.3.4 The Chinese Social Credit System -- 8.4 Future Perspectives -- 9 Application Areas of AI -- 9.1 Ethical Issues Related to AI Enhancement -- 9.1.1 Restoration Versus Enhancement -- 9.1.2 Enhancement for the Purpose of Competition -- 9.2 Ethical Issues Related to Robots and Healthcare -- 9.3 Robots and Telemedicine -- 9.3.1 Older Adults and Social Isolation -- 9.3.2 Nudging -- 9.3.3 Psychological Care -- 9.3.4 Exoskeletons -- 9.3.5 Quality of Care -- 9.4 Education -- 9.4.1 AI in Educational Administrative Support -- 9.4.2 Teaching -- 9.4.3 Forecasting Students' Performance -- 9.5 Sex Robots -- 10 Autonomous Vehicles -- 10.1 Levels of Autonomous Driving -- 10.2 Current Situation -- 10.3 Ethical Benefits of AVs -- 10.4 Accidents with AVs -- 10.5 Ethical Guidelines for AVs -- 10.6 Ethical Questions in AVs -- 10.6.1 Accountability and Liability -- 10.6.2 Situations of Unavoidable Accidents -- 10.6.3 Privacy Issues -- 10.6.4 Security -- 10.6.5 Appropriate Design of Human-Machine Interface -- 10.6.6 Machine Learning -- 10.6.7 Manually Overruling the System? -- 10.6.8 Possible Ethical Questions in Future Scenarios -- 11 Military Uses of AI -- 11.1 Definitions -- 11.2 The Use of Autonomous Weapons Systems -- 11.2.1 Discrimination -- 11.2.2 Proportionality -- 11.2.3 Responsibility -- 11.3 Regulations Governing an AWS -- 11.4 Ethical Arguments for and Against AI for Military Purposes -- 11.4.1 Arguments in Favour -- 11.4.2 Arguments Against -- 11.5 Conclusion. 12 Ethics in AI and Robotics: A Strategic Challenge -- 12.1 The Role of Ethics -- 12.2 International Cooperation -- Appendix References -- -- Index. |
author_facet |
Bartneck, Christoph, 1973- Bartneck, Christoph, 1973- Lütge, Christoph. Wagner, Alan. Welsh, Sean. Lütge, Christoph. Lütge, Christoph. Wagner, Alan. Wagner, Alan. Welsh, Sean. Welsh, Sean. |
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Lütge, Christoph. Lütge, Christoph. Wagner, Alan. Wagner, Alan. Welsh, Sean. Welsh, Sean. |
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Bartneck, Christoph, 1973- |
title |
An Introduction to Ethics in Robotics and AI / |
title_full |
An Introduction to Ethics in Robotics and AI / by Christoph Bartneck, Christoph Lütge, Alan Wagner, Sean Welsh. |
title_fullStr |
An Introduction to Ethics in Robotics and AI / by Christoph Bartneck, Christoph Lütge, Alan Wagner, Sean Welsh. |
title_full_unstemmed |
An Introduction to Ethics in Robotics and AI / by Christoph Bartneck, Christoph Lütge, Alan Wagner, Sean Welsh. |
title_auth |
An Introduction to Ethics in Robotics and AI / |
title_new |
An Introduction to Ethics in Robotics and AI / |
title_sort |
an introduction to ethics in robotics and ai / |
series |
SpringerBriefs in Ethics, |
series2 |
SpringerBriefs in Ethics, |
publisher |
Springer Nature Springer International Publishing : Imprint: Springer, |
publishDate |
2021 |
physical |
1 online resource (XI, 117 p. 18 illus. in color.) |
edition |
1st ed. 2021. |
contents |
Intro -- Contents -- List of Figures -- 1 About the Book -- 1.1 Authors -- 1.2 Structure of the Book -- 2 What Is AI? -- 2.1 Introduction to AI -- 2.1.1 The Turing Test -- 2.1.2 Strong and Weak AI -- 2.1.3 Types of AI Systems -- 2.2 What Is Machine Learning? -- 2.3 What Is a Robot? -- 2.3.1 Sense-Plan-Act -- 2.3.2 System Integration. Necessary but Difficult -- 2.4 What Is Hard for AI -- 2.5 Science and Fiction of AI -- 3 What Is Ethics? -- 3.1 Descriptive Ethics -- 3.2 Normative Ethics -- 3.2.1 Deontological Ethics -- 3.2.2 Consequentialist Ethics -- 3.2.3 Virtue Ethics -- 3.3 Meta-ethics -- 3.4 Applied Ethics -- 3.5 Relationship Between Ethics and Law -- 3.6 Machine Ethics -- 3.6.1 Machine Ethics Examples -- 3.6.2 Moral Diversity and Testing -- 4 Trust and Fairness in AI Systems -- 4.1 User Acceptance and Trust -- 4.2 Functional Elements of Trust -- 4.3 Ethical Principles for Trustworthy and Fair AI -- 4.3.1 Non-maleficence -- 4.3.2 Beneficence -- 4.3.3 Autonomy -- 4.3.4 Justice -- 4.3.5 Explicability -- 4.4 Conclusion -- 5 Responsibility and Liability in the Case of AI Systems -- 5.1 Example 1: Crash of an Autonomous Vehicle -- 5.2 Example 2: Mistargeting by an Autonomous Weapon -- 5.2.1 Attribution of Responsibility and Liability -- 5.2.2 Moral Responsibility Versus Liability -- 5.3 Strict Liability -- 5.4 Complex Liability: The Problem of Many Hands -- 5.5 Consequences of Liability: Sanctions -- 6 Risks in the Business of AI -- 6.1 General Business Risks -- 6.1.1 Functional Risk -- 6.1.2 Systemic Risk -- 6.1.3 Risk of Fraud -- 6.1.4 Safety Risk -- 6.2 Ethical Risks of AI -- 6.2.1 Reputational Risk -- 6.2.2 Legal Risk -- 6.2.3 Environmental Risk -- 6.2.4 Social Risk -- 6.3 Managing Risk of AI -- 6.4 Business Ethics for AI Companies -- 6.5 Risks of AI to Workers -- 7 Psychological Aspects of AI -- 7.1 Problems of Anthropomorphisation. 7.1.1 Misplaced Feelings Towards AI -- 7.1.2 Misplaced Trust in AI -- 7.2 Persuasive AI -- 7.3 Unidirectional Emotional Bonding with AI -- 8 Privacy Issues of AI -- 8.1 What Is Privacy? -- 8.2 Why AI Needs Data -- 8.3 Private Data Collection and Its Dangers -- 8.3.1 Persistence Surveillance -- 8.3.2 Usage of Private Data for Non-intended Purposes -- 8.3.3 Auto Insurance Discrimination -- 8.3.4 The Chinese Social Credit System -- 8.4 Future Perspectives -- 9 Application Areas of AI -- 9.1 Ethical Issues Related to AI Enhancement -- 9.1.1 Restoration Versus Enhancement -- 9.1.2 Enhancement for the Purpose of Competition -- 9.2 Ethical Issues Related to Robots and Healthcare -- 9.3 Robots and Telemedicine -- 9.3.1 Older Adults and Social Isolation -- 9.3.2 Nudging -- 9.3.3 Psychological Care -- 9.3.4 Exoskeletons -- 9.3.5 Quality of Care -- 9.4 Education -- 9.4.1 AI in Educational Administrative Support -- 9.4.2 Teaching -- 9.4.3 Forecasting Students' Performance -- 9.5 Sex Robots -- 10 Autonomous Vehicles -- 10.1 Levels of Autonomous Driving -- 10.2 Current Situation -- 10.3 Ethical Benefits of AVs -- 10.4 Accidents with AVs -- 10.5 Ethical Guidelines for AVs -- 10.6 Ethical Questions in AVs -- 10.6.1 Accountability and Liability -- 10.6.2 Situations of Unavoidable Accidents -- 10.6.3 Privacy Issues -- 10.6.4 Security -- 10.6.5 Appropriate Design of Human-Machine Interface -- 10.6.6 Machine Learning -- 10.6.7 Manually Overruling the System? -- 10.6.8 Possible Ethical Questions in Future Scenarios -- 11 Military Uses of AI -- 11.1 Definitions -- 11.2 The Use of Autonomous Weapons Systems -- 11.2.1 Discrimination -- 11.2.2 Proportionality -- 11.2.3 Responsibility -- 11.3 Regulations Governing an AWS -- 11.4 Ethical Arguments for and Against AI for Military Purposes -- 11.4.1 Arguments in Favour -- 11.4.2 Arguments Against -- 11.5 Conclusion. 12 Ethics in AI and Robotics: A Strategic Challenge -- 12.1 The Role of Ethics -- 12.2 International Cooperation -- Appendix References -- -- Index. |
isbn |
3-030-51110-3 3-030-51109-X |
issn |
2211-8101 |
callnumber-first |
T - Technology |
callnumber-subject |
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Not Illustrated |
dewey-hundreds |
600 - Technology 100 - Philosophy & psychology |
dewey-tens |
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601 - Philosophy & theory 174 - Occupational ethics |
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601 174.90063 |
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Necessary but Difficult -- 2.4 What Is Hard for AI -- 2.5 Science and Fiction of AI -- 3 What Is Ethics? -- 3.1 Descriptive Ethics -- 3.2 Normative Ethics -- 3.2.1 Deontological Ethics -- 3.2.2 Consequentialist Ethics -- 3.2.3 Virtue Ethics -- 3.3 Meta-ethics -- 3.4 Applied Ethics -- 3.5 Relationship Between Ethics and Law -- 3.6 Machine Ethics -- 3.6.1 Machine Ethics Examples -- 3.6.2 Moral Diversity and Testing -- 4 Trust and Fairness in AI Systems -- 4.1 User Acceptance and Trust -- 4.2 Functional Elements of Trust -- 4.3 Ethical Principles for Trustworthy and Fair AI -- 4.3.1 Non-maleficence -- 4.3.2 Beneficence -- 4.3.3 Autonomy -- 4.3.4 Justice -- 4.3.5 Explicability -- 4.4 Conclusion -- 5 Responsibility and Liability in the Case of AI Systems -- 5.1 Example 1: Crash of an Autonomous Vehicle -- 5.2 Example 2: Mistargeting by an Autonomous Weapon -- 5.2.1 Attribution of Responsibility and Liability -- 5.2.2 Moral Responsibility Versus Liability -- 5.3 Strict Liability -- 5.4 Complex Liability: The Problem of Many Hands -- 5.5 Consequences of Liability: Sanctions -- 6 Risks in the Business of AI -- 6.1 General Business Risks -- 6.1.1 Functional Risk -- 6.1.2 Systemic Risk -- 6.1.3 Risk of Fraud -- 6.1.4 Safety Risk -- 6.2 Ethical Risks of AI -- 6.2.1 Reputational Risk -- 6.2.2 Legal Risk -- 6.2.3 Environmental Risk -- 6.2.4 Social Risk -- 6.3 Managing Risk of AI -- 6.4 Business Ethics for AI Companies -- 6.5 Risks of AI to Workers -- 7 Psychological Aspects of AI -- 7.1 Problems of Anthropomorphisation.</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="505" ind1="8" ind2=" "><subfield code="a">7.1.1 Misplaced Feelings Towards AI -- 7.1.2 Misplaced Trust in AI -- 7.2 Persuasive AI -- 7.3 Unidirectional Emotional Bonding with AI -- 8 Privacy Issues of AI -- 8.1 What Is Privacy? -- 8.2 Why AI Needs Data -- 8.3 Private Data Collection and Its Dangers -- 8.3.1 Persistence Surveillance -- 8.3.2 Usage of Private Data for Non-intended Purposes -- 8.3.3 Auto Insurance Discrimination -- 8.3.4 The Chinese Social Credit System -- 8.4 Future Perspectives -- 9 Application Areas of AI -- 9.1 Ethical Issues Related to AI Enhancement -- 9.1.1 Restoration Versus Enhancement -- 9.1.2 Enhancement for the Purpose of Competition -- 9.2 Ethical Issues Related to Robots and Healthcare -- 9.3 Robots and Telemedicine -- 9.3.1 Older Adults and Social Isolation -- 9.3.2 Nudging -- 9.3.3 Psychological Care -- 9.3.4 Exoskeletons -- 9.3.5 Quality of Care -- 9.4 Education -- 9.4.1 AI in Educational Administrative Support -- 9.4.2 Teaching -- 9.4.3 Forecasting Students' Performance -- 9.5 Sex Robots -- 10 Autonomous Vehicles -- 10.1 Levels of Autonomous Driving -- 10.2 Current Situation -- 10.3 Ethical Benefits of AVs -- 10.4 Accidents with AVs -- 10.5 Ethical Guidelines for AVs -- 10.6 Ethical Questions in AVs -- 10.6.1 Accountability and Liability -- 10.6.2 Situations of Unavoidable Accidents -- 10.6.3 Privacy Issues -- 10.6.4 Security -- 10.6.5 Appropriate Design of Human-Machine Interface -- 10.6.6 Machine Learning -- 10.6.7 Manually Overruling the System? -- 10.6.8 Possible Ethical Questions in Future Scenarios -- 11 Military Uses of AI -- 11.1 Definitions -- 11.2 The Use of Autonomous Weapons Systems -- 11.2.1 Discrimination -- 11.2.2 Proportionality -- 11.2.3 Responsibility -- 11.3 Regulations Governing an AWS -- 11.4 Ethical Arguments for and Against AI for Military Purposes -- 11.4.1 Arguments in Favour -- 11.4.2 Arguments Against -- 11.5 Conclusion.</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="505" ind1="8" ind2=" "><subfield code="a">12 Ethics in AI and Robotics: A Strategic Challenge -- 12.1 The Role of Ethics -- 12.2 International Cooperation -- Appendix References -- -- Index.</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="546" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">English</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="650" ind1=" " ind2="0"><subfield code="a">Engineering ethics.</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="650" ind1=" " ind2="0"><subfield 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