Der "Pestfriedhof" : ein urnenfelder- und hallstattzeitliches Gräberfeld in Bischofshofen (Salzburg) ; Fundmaterial der Grabungen 1983 - 1993 / eingereicht von Christine Zingerle

• VerfasserIn: Zingerle, Christine
• Place / Publishing House: Wien
• Language: German
• Contents/pieces: 2 records

eng: The 'Pestfriedhof', Bischofshofen, Salzburg, is a prehistoric burial ground. 357 of the 556 burials excavated until 1996 form the empirical basis for this study. All burials are cremations, mostly dating into the Urnfield and Hallstatt Culture. In the Urnfield Culture, the graves consisted of urns deposited in small pits, a few covered with stones. In the Hallstatt Culture the graves can be differentiated into several groups. There are 3 different kinds of stone boxes (angular, small, and elongated, the latter often covered with layers of stones, 'Steinkistengraeber'), stone assemblages made of several layers of stones arranged in circular shape ('Steinpackungsgraeber'), and finally of stone slabs equally arranged ('Steinkranzgraeber'). The anthropological research by Dr. Silvia Renhart revealed that the burials contained quite often two or more individuals and more females than males (ratio of almost 2:1), that youths and children were underrepresented and that most combinations with 2 individuals consisted of a woman and a child. In the Hallstatt Culture burials the adults were furnished with a gender- specific equipment: the females with ceramics, brooches, and often a spindle whorl, the males usually with ceramics and a pin, one with an additional bronze axe, and the chronologically younger male burials with an iron lancehead. The Hallstatt C period comprises most of the graves. The dating is based on several types of fibula: the two-looped-bronze-bow- fibula ('zweischleifige Bronzebogenfibel'), boat-shaped-fibula ('Kahnfibel' or 'Navicellafibel'), on 'Kragenrand' vessels with graphite decoration on red and on graphited 'Hochhals' vessels. Few graves containing alpine-two-knobbed-fibula and iron lanceheads date to the beginning of the Hallstatt D period. Typical for the Urnfield Culture was the combination of a large um with a small cup in a simple pit.