The Jews of Częstochowa : : The Life and Death of a Community, a Concise History / / Mark W. Kiel.

• Superior document: Title is part of eBook package: De Gruyter DG Plus DeG Package 2023 Part 1
• VerfasserIn: Kiel, Mark W. ,
• Place / Publishing House: München ;, Wien : : De Gruyter Oldenbourg, , [2022]; ©2023
• Year of Publication: 2022
• Language: English
• Physical Description: 1 online resource (XXIX, 198 p.)

Częstochowa was the home of the eighth largest Jewish community in Poland. After 1765, when there were 75 Jews in Czestochowa, the community grew steadily. With emancipation in 1862, many Jews migrated to Czestochowa and contributed to its industrial and commercial growth. In 1935, there were 27,162 Jews out of a total population of 127,504. When the Nazis deported Jews to Częstochowa to work in its munition factories, the Jewish population exceeded 50,000. Almost all perished in Treblinka. Anti-Jewish feeling was spurred on by the Church and Fascist groups that organized boycotts of Jewish stores and incited pogroms intended to drive the Jews out of the city. The Jewish labor movement fought unemployment and poor working conditions. Impoverished families were aided by community charitable funds. Jewish philanthropists established the non-sectarian “Jewish Hospital,” progressive schools, two gymnasia and the “New Synagogue.” During election seasons, the entire Jewish political spectrum, from the socialist parties to the ultra-Orthodox, competed in the self-governing body, and in the Municipal Council. By 1901, stylishly dressed men and women mixed in the streets with poor religious Jews in their traditional garb. A popular press, libraries, theaters, cinema, sporting events and youth movements gave Częstochowa Jews a variety of cultural choices to suit their politics, artistic taste, and modes of leisure. Public life transformed a dreary factory town into one of the most colorful and celebrated Jewish communities in Poland before and after the First World War.

Table of Contents

Frontmatter -- Contents -- Acknowledgements -- Foreword -- Preface -- The Polish Background -- Table of Population and Percentage of Jews -- Introduction: The Pulse of the City -- Part One: Origins to World War I -- Part Two: The German Occupation and Political “Democratization” -- Part Three: The Second Polish Republic and “Democratization” -- Part Four: Culture -- Part Five: Jewish Political Parties -- Part Six: Recovery and Economic Assault -- Part Seven: 1939–1946 -- Part Eight: Aftermath -- Part Nine: Rescuing Memory -- Bibliography -- Abbreviations -- Index