Immunodiagnostics and Patient Safety / / Krystyna Sztefko.

• Superior document: Title is part of eBook package: De Gruyter DGBA Backlist Complete English Language 2000-2014 PART1
• VerfasserIn: Sztefko, Krystyna,
• Place / Publishing House: Berlin ;, Boston : : De Gruyter, , [2011]; ©2011
• Year of Publication: 2011
• Language: English
• Series: Patient Safety ; 3
• Physical Description: 1 online resource (162 p.)

Today most of immunochemistry methods for the determination of proteins, peptides, drugs, and many small molecules are fully automated, with good precision, excellent sensitivity and short reaction time. However, inaccuracy due to poor standardization and the presence of interfering substances in biological samples is still a serious and life-threatening issue. Proper validation of methods and quality assurance have little effect on frequency of occurrence of false positive or false negative results, which, if unrecognized, may lead to patient's misdiagnosis, unnecessary treatment or even unnecessary surgery. Deep knowledge of basic principles of immunochemical methods (antigen-antibody reaction, standardization, matrix effect, limit of detection, cross-reactivity, etc.), sources of analyte-independent interferences (preanalitycal errors, the presence of binding proteins, the presence of autoantibodies) and analyte-dependent interferences (presence of heterophilic antibodies, high-dose effect) are very important to understand, detect, reduce and/or eliminate the interferences. This book helps to reduce false results and, at the same time, improve patient's care and patient's safety.

Table of Contents

Frontmatter -- Contents -- Preface -- Abbreviations -- Part I Immunoassay: Theory, practice, and patient safety -- 1 Immunochemical methods – Basic principles and definitions -- 2 Immunoassay standardization -- 3 Immunoassay calibration and calibration curve fitting -- 4 Reference intervals and immunoassay -- 5 Laboratory preanalytical and analytical phase of immunoassay -- 6 Human natural antibodies and immunoassay -- 7 Immunoassay interference – How to recognize, eliminate, or reduce it -- 8 Immunoassay and patient safety -- Part II Immunochemistry measurements in practice: Examples of problems in some current immunoassays -- Example 1 Parathyroid hormone (PTH) – Heterogeneity as a major problem in PTH measurement by immunochemistry -- Example 2 Human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) – Problems of heterogeneity and lack of standardization -- Example 3 Troponin measurement by immunoassay – Problem of low assay sensitivity and interference from heterophilic antibodies -- Example 4 Aldosterone and proteolytic renin activity (PRA) – Are they useful together? -- Example 5 Thyroglobulin measurement – Autoantibody problem -- Example 6 Prolactin measurement by immunoassay – Heterogeneity and macroform problems -- Example 7 Thyroid function tests – Most frequently measured and most difficult to interpret: Reference interval for thyroidstimulating hormone (TSH) and problems of free thyroid hormone fraction measurement -- Index