Cyberwars in the Middle East / / Ahmed Al-Rawi.
Cyberwars in the Middle East argues that hacking is a form of online political disruption whose influence flows vertically in two directions (top-bottom or bottom-up) or horizontally. These hacking activities are performed along three political dimensions: international, regional, and local. Author...
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Superior document: | Title is part of eBook package: De Gruyter EBOOK PACKAGE COMPLETE 2021 English |
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Place / Publishing House: | New Brunswick, NJ : : Rutgers University Press, , [2021] ©2021 |
Year of Publication: | 2021 |
Language: | English |
Series: | War Culture
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Online Access: | |
Physical Description: | 1 online resource (194 p.) :; 22 b-w images, 12 tables |
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100 | 1 | |a Al-Rawi, Ahmed, |e author. |4 aut |4 http://id.loc.gov/vocabulary/relators/aut | |
245 | 1 | 0 | |a Cyberwars in the Middle East / |c Ahmed Al-Rawi. |
264 | 1 | |a New Brunswick, NJ : |b Rutgers University Press, |c [2021] | |
264 | 4 | |c ©2021 | |
300 | |a 1 online resource (194 p.) : |b 22 b-w images, 12 tables | ||
336 | |a text |b txt |2 rdacontent | ||
337 | |a computer |b c |2 rdamedia | ||
338 | |a online resource |b cr |2 rdacarrier | ||
347 | |a text file |b PDF |2 rda | ||
490 | 0 | |a War Culture | |
505 | 0 | 0 | |t Frontmatter -- |t Contents -- |t Preface and Acknowledgments -- |t Introduction -- |t 1 Toward a Theoretical Framework of Cyberwars -- |t 2 Cyberwars and International Politics -- |t 3 U.S. Cyberoperations in the Middle East -- |t 4 Russian Trolls, Islam, and the Middle East -- |t 5 Cyberwars and Regional Politics -- |t 6 Arab Hackers and Electronic Armies -- |t Conclusion -- |t Appendix: Selected List of Arab Hacking Groups -- |t Notes -- |t References -- |t Index -- |t About the Author |
506 | 0 | |a restricted access |u http://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_16ec |f online access with authorization |2 star | |
520 | |a Cyberwars in the Middle East argues that hacking is a form of online political disruption whose influence flows vertically in two directions (top-bottom or bottom-up) or horizontally. These hacking activities are performed along three political dimensions: international, regional, and local. Author Ahmed Al-Rawi argues that political hacking is an aggressive and militant form of public communication employed by tech-savvy individuals, regardless of their affiliations, in order to influence politics and policies. Kenneth Waltz’s structural realism theory is linked to this argument as it provides a relevant framework to explain why nation-states employ cyber tools against each other. On the one hand, nation-states as well as their affiliated hacking groups like cyber warriors employ hacking as offensive and defensive tools in connection to the cyber activity or inactivity of other nation-states, such as the role of Russian Trolls disseminating disinformation on social media during the US 2016 presidential election. This is regarded as a horizontal flow of political disruption. Sometimes, nation-states, like the UAE, Saudi Arabia, and Bahrain, use hacking and surveillance tactics as a vertical flow (top-bottom) form of online political disruption by targeting their own citizens due to their oppositional or activists’ political views. On the other hand, regular hackers who are often politically independent practice a form of bottom-top political disruption to address issues related to the internal politics of their respective nation-states such as the case of a number of Iraqi, Saudi, and Algerian hackers. In some cases, other hackers target ordinary citizens to express opposition to their political or ideological views which is regarded as a horizontal form of online political disruption. This book is the first of its kind to shine a light on many ways that governments and hackers are perpetrating cyber attacks in the Middle East and beyond, and to show the ripple effect of these attacks. | ||
538 | |a Mode of access: Internet via World Wide Web. | ||
546 | |a In English. | ||
588 | 0 | |a Description based on online resource; title from PDF title page (publisher's Web site, viewed 01. Dez 2022) | |
650 | 0 | |a Cyberspace |x Political aspects |z Middle East. | |
650 | 0 | |a Hacking |z Middle East. | |
650 | 0 | |a Information warfare |z Middle East. | |
650 | 7 | |a HISTORY / General. |2 bisacsh | |
653 | |a middle east, cybersecurity, hacking, hackers, communication, politics, policies, influence, structural realism theory, political disruption, Algeria, Algerian hackers, horizontal leadership, surveillance, internal politics, opposition, ideology, government, cyber-attacks, regional politics, Arab, Russia, trolls, Islam, international, international politics. | ||
773 | 0 | 8 | |i Title is part of eBook package: |d De Gruyter |t EBOOK PACKAGE COMPLETE 2021 English |z 9783110754001 |
773 | 0 | 8 | |i Title is part of eBook package: |d De Gruyter |t EBOOK PACKAGE COMPLETE 2021 |z 9783110753776 |o ZDB-23-DGG |
773 | 0 | 8 | |i Title is part of eBook package: |d De Gruyter |t EBOOK PACKAGE History 2021 English |z 9783110754087 |
773 | 0 | 8 | |i Title is part of eBook package: |d De Gruyter |t EBOOK PACKAGE History 2021 |z 9783110753851 |o ZDB-23-DEG |
773 | 0 | 8 | |i Title is part of eBook package: |d De Gruyter |t Rutgers University Press Complete eBook-Package 2021 |z 9783110739138 |
856 | 4 | 0 | |u https://doi.org/10.36019/9781978810143 |
856 | 4 | 0 | |u https://www.degruyter.com/isbn/9781978810143 |
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