A Most Uncertain Crusade : : The United States, the United Nations, and Human Rights, 1941-1953 / / Rowland Brucken.
A Most Uncertain Crusade traces and analyzes the emergence of human rights as both an international concern and as a controversial domestic issue for U.S. policy makers during and after World War II. Historian Brucken focuses on officials in the State Department, at the United Nations, and within ce...
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Brucken, Rowland, author. aut http://id.loc.gov/vocabulary/relators/aut A Most Uncertain Crusade : The United States, the United Nations, and Human Rights, 1941-1953 / Rowland Brucken. Ithaca, NY : Cornell University Press, [2013] ©2013 1 online resource (450 p.) text txt rdacontent computer c rdamedia online resource cr rdacarrier text file PDF rda Frontmatter -- Contents -- Acknowledgments -- Introduction: The Origins of a Crusade -- 1. Defining a Crusade, 1941-1943 -- 2. Implementing a Vision, 1943-1945 -- 3. A Conservative Revolution Begins, 1945-1948 -- 4. Opposition at Home and at the United Nations, 1948-1951 -- 5. United Nations Success Breeds Failure at Home, 1945-1950 -- 6. The End of a Crusade, 1951-1953 -- Conclusion: The Impact of a Crusade, 1953-2011 -- Notes -- Bibliography -- Index restricted access http://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_16ec online access with authorization star A Most Uncertain Crusade traces and analyzes the emergence of human rights as both an international concern and as a controversial domestic issue for U.S. policy makers during and after World War II. Historian Brucken focuses on officials in the State Department, at the United Nations, and within certain domestic non-governmental organizations, and explains why, after issuing wartime declarations that called for the definition and enforcement of international human rights standards, the U.S. government refused to ratify the first U.N. treaties that fulfilled those twin purposes. The Truman and Eisenhower administrations worked to weaken the scope and enforcement mechanisms of early human rights agreements, and gradually withdrew support for Senate ratification. A small but influential group of isolationist-oriented senators, led by John Bricker (R-OH), warned that the treaties would bring about socialism, destroy white supremacy, and eviscerate the Bill of Rights. At the U.N., a growing bloc of developing nations demanded the inclusion of economic guarantees, support for decolonization, and strong enforcement measures, all of which Washington opposed. Prior to World War II, international law considered the protection of individual rights to fall largely under the jurisdiction of national governments. Alarmed by fascist tyranny and guided by a Wilsonian vision of global cooperation in pursuit of human rights, President Roosevelt issued the Four Freedoms and the Atlantic Charter. Behind the scenes, the State Department planners carefully considered how an international organization could best protect those guarantees. Their work paid off at the 1945 San Francisco Conference, which vested the U.N. with an unprecedented opportunity to define and protect the human rights of individuals. After two years of negotiations, the U.N. General Assembly unanimously approved its first human rights treaty, the Genocide Convention. The U.N. Commission on Human Rights (UNCHR), led by Eleanor Roosevelt, drafted the nonbinding Universal Declaration of Human Rights in 1948. Subsequent efforts to craft an enforceable covenant of individual rights, though, bogged down quickly. A deadlock occurred as western nations, communist states, and developing countries disagreed on the inclusion of economic and social guarantees, the right of self-determination, and plans for implementation. Meanwhile, a coalition of groups within the United States doubted the wisdom of American accession to any human rights treaties. Led by the American Bar Association and Senator Bricker, opponents proclaimed that ratification would lead to a U.N. led tyrannical world socialistic government. The backlash caused President Eisenhower to withdraw from the covenant drafting process. Brucken shows how the American human rights policy had come full circle: Eisenhower, like Roosevelt, issued statements that merely celebrated western values of freedom and democracy, criticized human rights records of other countries while at the same time postponed efforts to have the U.N. codify and enforce a list of binding rights due in part to America's own human rights violations. Issued also in print. Mode of access: Internet via World Wide Web. In English. Description based on online resource; title from PDF title page (publisher's Web site, viewed 02. Mrz 2022) Human rights United States History 20th century. Humanities & Human Rights. International Studies. U.S. History. HISTORY / United States / 21st Century. bisacsh human rights and US policy, John Bricker, Truman administration, Eisenhower administration, Four Freedoms, Atlantic Charter, Genocide Convention, UN Commission on Human Rights, UNCHR, Universal Declaration of Human Rights. Title is part of eBook package: De Gruyter Cornell University Press Backlist 2000-2013 9783110536157 print 9781609090913 https://doi.org/10.7591/9781501751257 https://www.degruyter.com/isbn/9781501751257 Cover https://www.degruyter.com/document/cover/isbn/9781501751257/original |
language |
English |
format |
eBook |
author |
Brucken, Rowland, Brucken, Rowland, |
spellingShingle |
Brucken, Rowland, Brucken, Rowland, A Most Uncertain Crusade : The United States, the United Nations, and Human Rights, 1941-1953 / Frontmatter -- Contents -- Acknowledgments -- Introduction: The Origins of a Crusade -- 1. Defining a Crusade, 1941-1943 -- 2. Implementing a Vision, 1943-1945 -- 3. A Conservative Revolution Begins, 1945-1948 -- 4. Opposition at Home and at the United Nations, 1948-1951 -- 5. United Nations Success Breeds Failure at Home, 1945-1950 -- 6. The End of a Crusade, 1951-1953 -- Conclusion: The Impact of a Crusade, 1953-2011 -- Notes -- Bibliography -- Index |
author_facet |
Brucken, Rowland, Brucken, Rowland, |
author_variant |
r b rb r b rb |
author_role |
VerfasserIn VerfasserIn |
author_sort |
Brucken, Rowland, |
title |
A Most Uncertain Crusade : The United States, the United Nations, and Human Rights, 1941-1953 / |
title_sub |
The United States, the United Nations, and Human Rights, 1941-1953 / |
title_full |
A Most Uncertain Crusade : The United States, the United Nations, and Human Rights, 1941-1953 / Rowland Brucken. |
title_fullStr |
A Most Uncertain Crusade : The United States, the United Nations, and Human Rights, 1941-1953 / Rowland Brucken. |
title_full_unstemmed |
A Most Uncertain Crusade : The United States, the United Nations, and Human Rights, 1941-1953 / Rowland Brucken. |
title_auth |
A Most Uncertain Crusade : The United States, the United Nations, and Human Rights, 1941-1953 / |
title_alt |
Frontmatter -- Contents -- Acknowledgments -- Introduction: The Origins of a Crusade -- 1. Defining a Crusade, 1941-1943 -- 2. Implementing a Vision, 1943-1945 -- 3. A Conservative Revolution Begins, 1945-1948 -- 4. Opposition at Home and at the United Nations, 1948-1951 -- 5. United Nations Success Breeds Failure at Home, 1945-1950 -- 6. The End of a Crusade, 1951-1953 -- Conclusion: The Impact of a Crusade, 1953-2011 -- Notes -- Bibliography -- Index |
title_new |
A Most Uncertain Crusade : |
title_sort |
a most uncertain crusade : the united states, the united nations, and human rights, 1941-1953 / |
publisher |
Cornell University Press, |
publishDate |
2013 |
physical |
1 online resource (450 p.) Issued also in print. |
contents |
Frontmatter -- Contents -- Acknowledgments -- Introduction: The Origins of a Crusade -- 1. Defining a Crusade, 1941-1943 -- 2. Implementing a Vision, 1943-1945 -- 3. A Conservative Revolution Begins, 1945-1948 -- 4. Opposition at Home and at the United Nations, 1948-1951 -- 5. United Nations Success Breeds Failure at Home, 1945-1950 -- 6. The End of a Crusade, 1951-1953 -- Conclusion: The Impact of a Crusade, 1953-2011 -- Notes -- Bibliography -- Index |
isbn |
9781501751257 9783110536157 9781609090913 |
callnumber-first |
J - Political Science |
callnumber-subject |
JC - Political Theory |
callnumber-label |
JC599 |
callnumber-sort |
JC 3599 U5 |
geographic_facet |
United States |
era_facet |
20th century. |
url |
https://doi.org/10.7591/9781501751257 https://www.degruyter.com/isbn/9781501751257 https://www.degruyter.com/document/cover/isbn/9781501751257/original |
illustrated |
Not Illustrated |
dewey-hundreds |
300 - Social sciences |
dewey-tens |
340 - Law |
dewey-ones |
341 - Law of nations |
dewey-full |
341.4/809044 |
dewey-sort |
3341.4 6809044 |
dewey-raw |
341.4/809044 |
dewey-search |
341.4/809044 |
doi_str_mv |
10.7591/9781501751257 |
oclc_num |
1132406675 |
work_keys_str_mv |
AT bruckenrowland amostuncertaincrusadetheunitedstatestheunitednationsandhumanrights19411953 AT bruckenrowland mostuncertaincrusadetheunitedstatestheunitednationsandhumanrights19411953 |
status_str |
n |
ids_txt_mv |
(DE-B1597)546141 (OCoLC)1132406675 |
carrierType_str_mv |
cr |
hierarchy_parent_title |
Title is part of eBook package: De Gruyter Cornell University Press Backlist 2000-2013 |
is_hierarchy_title |
A Most Uncertain Crusade : The United States, the United Nations, and Human Rights, 1941-1953 / |
container_title |
Title is part of eBook package: De Gruyter Cornell University Press Backlist 2000-2013 |
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1770177109046591488 |
fullrecord |
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Subsequent efforts to craft an enforceable covenant of individual rights, though, bogged down quickly. A deadlock occurred as western nations, communist states, and developing countries disagreed on the inclusion of economic and social guarantees, the right of self-determination, and plans for implementation. Meanwhile, a coalition of groups within the United States doubted the wisdom of American accession to any human rights treaties. Led by the American Bar Association and Senator Bricker, opponents proclaimed that ratification would lead to a U.N. led tyrannical world socialistic government. The backlash caused President Eisenhower to withdraw from the covenant drafting process. 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