Morality and Social Class in Eighteenth-Century French Literature and Painting / / Warren Roberts.

• Superior document: Title is part of eBook package: De Gruyter University of Toronto Press eBook-Package Archive 1933-1999
• VerfasserIn: Roberts, Warren,
• MitwirkendeR: Roberts, Warren,
• Place / Publishing House: Toronto : : University of Toronto Press, , [2019]; ©1974
• Year of Publication: 2019
• Language: English
• Series: Heritage
• Physical Description: 1 online resource (240 p.)

The moralistic tendencies that culminated in the Republic of Virtue can be traced in literature back to the late seventeenth century. In the 1690s two separate and antithetical moralities began to take shape, one erotic and libertine, the other highly moralistic. Both represented a revolt against the formalism of the seventeenth century. The roman érotique was rooted in a hedonistic philosophy whose objective was to enlarge the scope of freedom, translated in sexual terms, while the moralistic literature, also influenced by philosophical hedonism, was sentimental, romantic, and defended the Christian idea of love and marriage. Roberts discards some of the common presuppositions of historical and literary criticism, for example, that the literature of sensibility was the reaction of the bourgeoisie against the degenerate aristocracy, and that the libertine literature was created by and accurately portrayed the aristocracy. Such explanations have never been supported by valid evidence. Roberts shows that the bourgeoisie, even when most critical of the aristocracy, was emulating the aristocratic way of life, and that the aristocracy, even at its most degenerate, was susceptible to the moral influences revealed in contemporary art. 'Once the dikes of traditional morality broke,' Roberts explains, 'two responses took place. First, authors reacted against the severity of the seventeenth century, which led to a literature of libertinism and eventually of pornography. Secondly, an attempt was made to retain the loftiness of seventeenth-century morality, but to place that morality on new foundations, the result being sentimentalism, and later, classicism.' And out of this dialectical process came a third, dualistic current of literature and art combining hedonism, and sometimes perversity and pornography, with a condemnation of the social order, a call for moral regeneration, and a utopian vision of the future. This is a highly original study of social morality in pre-Revolutionary French and of its reflection in literature and art.

Table of Contents

Frontmatter -- Contents -- Illustrations -- Acknowledgments -- Introduction -- 1. The Christian idea of love and marriage -- 2. The inner connection between the seventeenth-century nouvelle and the eighteenth-century roman érotique -- 3. Aristocratic manners -- 4. Aristocratic perversity in the roman érotique -- 5. Sentimentalism and moralistic literature -- 6. Marriage and moralistic literature -- 7. The social context of moralistic literature -- 8. Social discontent in French literature -- 9. Erotic love in eighteenth-century painting -- 10. Didacticism in eighteenth-century painting -- 11. Duality in literature and painting -- 12. Conclusion -- Notes -- Bibliography -- Index