Buying the Best : : Cost Escalation in Elite Higher Education / / Charles T. Clotfelter.

Since the early 1980s, the rapidly increasing cost of college, together with what many see as inadequate attention to teaching, has elicited a barrage of protest. Buying the Best looks at the realities behind these criticisms--at the economic factors that are in fact driving the institutions that ha...

Full description

Saved in:
Bibliographic Details
Superior document:Title is part of eBook package: De Gruyter Princeton Legacy Lib. eBook Package 1980-1999
VerfasserIn:
MitwirkendeR:
Place / Publishing House:Princeton, NJ : : Princeton University Press, , [2014]
©1996
Year of Publication:2014
Edition:Course Book
Language:English
Series:The William G. Bowen Series ; 17
Online Access:
Physical Description:1 online resource (334 p.) :; 28 line drawings, 66 tables
Tags: Add Tag
No Tags, Be the first to tag this record!
id 9781400864270
ctrlnum (DE-B1597)447775
(OCoLC)922696519
collection bib_alma
record_format marc
spelling Clotfelter, Charles T., author. aut http://id.loc.gov/vocabulary/relators/aut
Buying the Best : Cost Escalation in Elite Higher Education / Charles T. Clotfelter.
Course Book
Princeton, NJ : Princeton University Press, [2014]
©1996
1 online resource (334 p.) : 28 line drawings, 66 tables
text txt rdacontent
computer c rdamedia
online resource cr rdacarrier
text file PDF rda
The William G. Bowen Series ; 17
Frontmatter -- Contents -- List of Figures -- List of Tables -- Foreword -- Preface -- List of Abbreviations -- Chapter 1. The Problem of Rising Costs -- Chapter 2. A Peculiar Institution -- Chapter 3. Boom Times for Selective Institutions -- Chapter 4. Patterns and Trends in Expenditures -- Chapter 5. The Sources of Rising Expenditures -- Chapter 6. Administrative Functions -- Chapter 7. The Allocation of Faculty Effort -- Chapter 8. Classes and Course Offerings -- Chapter 9. Ambition Meets Opportunity -- Notes to the Chapters -- Bibliography -- Index
restricted access http://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_16ec online access with authorization star
Since the early 1980s, the rapidly increasing cost of college, together with what many see as inadequate attention to teaching, has elicited a barrage of protest. Buying the Best looks at the realities behind these criticisms--at the economic factors that are in fact driving the institutions that have been described as machines without brakes. In designing his study, Charles Clotfelter examines the escalation in spending in the arts and sciences at four elite institutions: Harvard, Duke, Chicago, and Carleton. He argues that the rise in costs has less to do with increasing faculty salaries or lowered productivity than with a broad-based effort to improve quality, provide new services to students, pay for large investments in new facilities and equipment (including computers), and ensure access for low-income students through increasingly expensive financial aid.In Clotfelter's view, spiraling costs arise from the institutions' lofty ambitions and are made possible by steadily intensifying demand for places in the country's elite colleges and universities. Only if this demand slackens will universities be pressured to make cuts or pursue efficiencies. Buying the Best is the first study to make use of the internal historical records of specific institutions, as opposed to the frequently unreliable aggregate records made available by the federal government for the use of survey researchers. As such, it has the virtue of allowing Clotfelter to draw much more realistic comparative conclusions than have hitherto been reported. While acknowledging the obvious drawbacks of a small sample, Clotfelter notes that the institutions studied are significant for the disproportionate influence they, and comparable elite institutions, exercise upon research and upon the training of future leaders. The book contains a foreword by William G. Bowen, President of the Mellon Foundation, and Harold T. Shapiro, President of Princeton University."Concern about ever-rising costs runs like a thread through the myriad critiques of higher education that have been published in recent years. . . . One of the great contributions of Clotfelter's work is to dismiss easy explanations for the problems that worry us. With some of the scales removed from their eyes, both those with responsibility for the future of higher education and observers who continue to expect an ever-wider scope of effort from particular colleges and universities, can now adjust their focus. Armed with this original and extremely useful analysis, we can confront more directly (and with less romanticism) the real choices before us as we seek to employ limited resources most effectively in the service of teaching and research."-William G. Bowen, President, Mellon Foundation, Harold T. Shapiro, President, Princeton University, from the forewordOriginally published in 1996.The Princeton Legacy Library uses the latest print-on-demand technology to again make available previously out-of-print books from the distinguished backlist of Princeton University Press. These editions preserve the original texts of these important books while presenting them in durable paperback and hardcover editions. The goal of the Princeton Legacy Library is to vastly increase access to the rich scholarly heritage found in the thousands of books published by Princeton University Press since its founding in 1905.
Issued also in print.
Mode of access: Internet via World Wide Web.
In English.
Description based on online resource; title from PDF title page (publisher's Web site, viewed 30. Aug 2021)
College costs United States.
Education, Higher United States Finance.
Educational surveys United States.
EDUCATION / Higher. bisacsh
Bowen, William G., contributor. ctb https://id.loc.gov/vocabulary/relators/ctb
Shapiro, Harold T., contributor. ctb https://id.loc.gov/vocabulary/relators/ctb
Title is part of eBook package: De Gruyter Princeton Legacy Lib. eBook Package 1980-1999 9783110413441
Title is part of eBook package: De Gruyter Princeton Legacy Lib. eBook Package Social Sciences 9783110413601
Title is part of eBook package: De Gruyter Princeton University Press eBook-Package Archive 1927-1999 9783110442496
print 9780691601366
https://doi.org/10.1515/9781400864270
https://www.degruyter.com/isbn/9781400864270
Cover https://www.degruyter.com/cover/covers/9781400864270.jpg
language English
format eBook
author Clotfelter, Charles T.,
Clotfelter, Charles T.,
spellingShingle Clotfelter, Charles T.,
Clotfelter, Charles T.,
Buying the Best : Cost Escalation in Elite Higher Education /
The William G. Bowen Series ;
Frontmatter --
Contents --
List of Figures --
List of Tables --
Foreword --
Preface --
List of Abbreviations --
Chapter 1. The Problem of Rising Costs --
Chapter 2. A Peculiar Institution --
Chapter 3. Boom Times for Selective Institutions --
Chapter 4. Patterns and Trends in Expenditures --
Chapter 5. The Sources of Rising Expenditures --
Chapter 6. Administrative Functions --
Chapter 7. The Allocation of Faculty Effort --
Chapter 8. Classes and Course Offerings --
Chapter 9. Ambition Meets Opportunity --
Notes to the Chapters --
Bibliography --
Index
author_facet Clotfelter, Charles T.,
Clotfelter, Charles T.,
Bowen, William G.,
Bowen, William G.,
Shapiro, Harold T.,
Shapiro, Harold T.,
author_variant c t c ct ctc
c t c ct ctc
author_role VerfasserIn
VerfasserIn
author2 Bowen, William G.,
Bowen, William G.,
Shapiro, Harold T.,
Shapiro, Harold T.,
author2_variant w g b wg wgb
w g b wg wgb
h t s ht hts
h t s ht hts
author2_role MitwirkendeR
MitwirkendeR
MitwirkendeR
MitwirkendeR
author_sort Clotfelter, Charles T.,
title Buying the Best : Cost Escalation in Elite Higher Education /
title_sub Cost Escalation in Elite Higher Education /
title_full Buying the Best : Cost Escalation in Elite Higher Education / Charles T. Clotfelter.
title_fullStr Buying the Best : Cost Escalation in Elite Higher Education / Charles T. Clotfelter.
title_full_unstemmed Buying the Best : Cost Escalation in Elite Higher Education / Charles T. Clotfelter.
title_auth Buying the Best : Cost Escalation in Elite Higher Education /
title_alt Frontmatter --
Contents --
List of Figures --
List of Tables --
Foreword --
Preface --
List of Abbreviations --
Chapter 1. The Problem of Rising Costs --
Chapter 2. A Peculiar Institution --
Chapter 3. Boom Times for Selective Institutions --
Chapter 4. Patterns and Trends in Expenditures --
Chapter 5. The Sources of Rising Expenditures --
Chapter 6. Administrative Functions --
Chapter 7. The Allocation of Faculty Effort --
Chapter 8. Classes and Course Offerings --
Chapter 9. Ambition Meets Opportunity --
Notes to the Chapters --
Bibliography --
Index
title_new Buying the Best :
title_sort buying the best : cost escalation in elite higher education /
series The William G. Bowen Series ;
series2 The William G. Bowen Series ;
publisher Princeton University Press,
publishDate 2014
physical 1 online resource (334 p.) : 28 line drawings, 66 tables
Issued also in print.
edition Course Book
contents Frontmatter --
Contents --
List of Figures --
List of Tables --
Foreword --
Preface --
List of Abbreviations --
Chapter 1. The Problem of Rising Costs --
Chapter 2. A Peculiar Institution --
Chapter 3. Boom Times for Selective Institutions --
Chapter 4. Patterns and Trends in Expenditures --
Chapter 5. The Sources of Rising Expenditures --
Chapter 6. Administrative Functions --
Chapter 7. The Allocation of Faculty Effort --
Chapter 8. Classes and Course Offerings --
Chapter 9. Ambition Meets Opportunity --
Notes to the Chapters --
Bibliography --
Index
isbn 9781400864270
9783110413441
9783110413601
9783110442496
9780691601366
callnumber-first L - Education
callnumber-subject LB - Theory and Practice of Education
callnumber-label LB2342
callnumber-sort LB 42342 C56 41996EB
geographic_facet United States.
United States
url https://doi.org/10.1515/9781400864270
https://www.degruyter.com/isbn/9781400864270
https://www.degruyter.com/cover/covers/9781400864270.jpg
illustrated Not Illustrated
dewey-hundreds 300 - Social sciences
dewey-tens 370 - Education
dewey-ones 378 - Higher education
dewey-full 378/.02
dewey-sort 3378 12
dewey-raw 378/.02
dewey-search 378/.02
doi_str_mv 10.1515/9781400864270
oclc_num 922696519
work_keys_str_mv AT clotfeltercharlest buyingthebestcostescalationinelitehighereducation
AT bowenwilliamg buyingthebestcostescalationinelitehighereducation
AT shapiroharoldt buyingthebestcostescalationinelitehighereducation
status_str n
ids_txt_mv (DE-B1597)447775
(OCoLC)922696519
carrierType_str_mv cr
hierarchy_parent_title Title is part of eBook package: De Gruyter Princeton Legacy Lib. eBook Package 1980-1999
Title is part of eBook package: De Gruyter Princeton Legacy Lib. eBook Package Social Sciences
Title is part of eBook package: De Gruyter Princeton University Press eBook-Package Archive 1927-1999
is_hierarchy_title Buying the Best : Cost Escalation in Elite Higher Education /
container_title Title is part of eBook package: De Gruyter Princeton Legacy Lib. eBook Package 1980-1999
author2_original_writing_str_mv noLinkedField
noLinkedField
noLinkedField
noLinkedField
_version_ 1770176714178035712
fullrecord <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><collection xmlns="http://www.loc.gov/MARC21/slim"><record><leader>07521nam a22009015i 4500</leader><controlfield tag="001">9781400864270</controlfield><controlfield tag="003">DE-B1597</controlfield><controlfield tag="005">20210830012106.0</controlfield><controlfield tag="006">m|||||o||d||||||||</controlfield><controlfield tag="007">cr || ||||||||</controlfield><controlfield tag="008">210830t20141996nju fo d z eng d</controlfield><datafield tag="019" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">(OCoLC)1013938167</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="019" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">(OCoLC)1029812648</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="019" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">(OCoLC)1032686761</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="019" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">(OCoLC)1037981334</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="019" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">(OCoLC)1041971236</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="019" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">(OCoLC)1046614257</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="019" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">(OCoLC)1046921014</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="019" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">(OCoLC)1046997662</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="019" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">(OCoLC)1054882071</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="020" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">9781400864270</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="024" ind1="7" ind2=" "><subfield code="a">10.1515/9781400864270</subfield><subfield code="2">doi</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="035" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">(DE-B1597)447775</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="035" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">(OCoLC)922696519</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="040" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">DE-B1597</subfield><subfield code="b">eng</subfield><subfield code="c">DE-B1597</subfield><subfield code="e">rda</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="041" ind1="0" ind2=" "><subfield code="a">eng</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="044" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">nju</subfield><subfield code="c">US-NJ</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="050" ind1=" " ind2="4"><subfield code="a">LB2342</subfield><subfield code="b">.C56 1996eb</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="072" ind1=" " ind2="7"><subfield code="a">EDU015000</subfield><subfield code="2">bisacsh</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="082" ind1="0" ind2="4"><subfield code="a">378/.02</subfield><subfield code="2">20</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="100" ind1="1" ind2=" "><subfield code="a">Clotfelter, Charles T., </subfield><subfield code="e">author.</subfield><subfield code="4">aut</subfield><subfield code="4">http://id.loc.gov/vocabulary/relators/aut</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="245" ind1="1" ind2="0"><subfield code="a">Buying the Best :</subfield><subfield code="b">Cost Escalation in Elite Higher Education /</subfield><subfield code="c">Charles T. Clotfelter.</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="250" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">Course Book</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="264" ind1=" " ind2="1"><subfield code="a">Princeton, NJ : </subfield><subfield code="b">Princeton University Press, </subfield><subfield code="c">[2014]</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="264" ind1=" " ind2="4"><subfield code="c">©1996</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="300" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">1 online resource (334 p.) :</subfield><subfield code="b">28 line drawings, 66 tables</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="336" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">text</subfield><subfield code="b">txt</subfield><subfield code="2">rdacontent</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="337" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">computer</subfield><subfield code="b">c</subfield><subfield code="2">rdamedia</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="338" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">online resource</subfield><subfield code="b">cr</subfield><subfield code="2">rdacarrier</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="347" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">text file</subfield><subfield code="b">PDF</subfield><subfield code="2">rda</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="490" ind1="0" ind2=" "><subfield code="a">The William G. Bowen Series ;</subfield><subfield code="v">17</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="505" ind1="0" ind2="0"><subfield code="t">Frontmatter -- </subfield><subfield code="t">Contents -- </subfield><subfield code="t">List of Figures -- </subfield><subfield code="t">List of Tables -- </subfield><subfield code="t">Foreword -- </subfield><subfield code="t">Preface -- </subfield><subfield code="t">List of Abbreviations -- </subfield><subfield code="t">Chapter 1. The Problem of Rising Costs -- </subfield><subfield code="t">Chapter 2. A Peculiar Institution -- </subfield><subfield code="t">Chapter 3. Boom Times for Selective Institutions -- </subfield><subfield code="t">Chapter 4. Patterns and Trends in Expenditures -- </subfield><subfield code="t">Chapter 5. The Sources of Rising Expenditures -- </subfield><subfield code="t">Chapter 6. Administrative Functions -- </subfield><subfield code="t">Chapter 7. The Allocation of Faculty Effort -- </subfield><subfield code="t">Chapter 8. Classes and Course Offerings -- </subfield><subfield code="t">Chapter 9. Ambition Meets Opportunity -- </subfield><subfield code="t">Notes to the Chapters -- </subfield><subfield code="t">Bibliography -- </subfield><subfield code="t">Index</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="506" ind1="0" ind2=" "><subfield code="a">restricted access</subfield><subfield code="u">http://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_16ec</subfield><subfield code="f">online access with authorization</subfield><subfield code="2">star</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="520" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">Since the early 1980s, the rapidly increasing cost of college, together with what many see as inadequate attention to teaching, has elicited a barrage of protest. Buying the Best looks at the realities behind these criticisms--at the economic factors that are in fact driving the institutions that have been described as machines without brakes. In designing his study, Charles Clotfelter examines the escalation in spending in the arts and sciences at four elite institutions: Harvard, Duke, Chicago, and Carleton. He argues that the rise in costs has less to do with increasing faculty salaries or lowered productivity than with a broad-based effort to improve quality, provide new services to students, pay for large investments in new facilities and equipment (including computers), and ensure access for low-income students through increasingly expensive financial aid.In Clotfelter's view, spiraling costs arise from the institutions' lofty ambitions and are made possible by steadily intensifying demand for places in the country's elite colleges and universities. Only if this demand slackens will universities be pressured to make cuts or pursue efficiencies. Buying the Best is the first study to make use of the internal historical records of specific institutions, as opposed to the frequently unreliable aggregate records made available by the federal government for the use of survey researchers. As such, it has the virtue of allowing Clotfelter to draw much more realistic comparative conclusions than have hitherto been reported. While acknowledging the obvious drawbacks of a small sample, Clotfelter notes that the institutions studied are significant for the disproportionate influence they, and comparable elite institutions, exercise upon research and upon the training of future leaders. The book contains a foreword by William G. Bowen, President of the Mellon Foundation, and Harold T. Shapiro, President of Princeton University."Concern about ever-rising costs runs like a thread through the myriad critiques of higher education that have been published in recent years. . . . One of the great contributions of Clotfelter's work is to dismiss easy explanations for the problems that worry us. With some of the scales removed from their eyes, both those with responsibility for the future of higher education and observers who continue to expect an ever-wider scope of effort from particular colleges and universities, can now adjust their focus. Armed with this original and extremely useful analysis, we can confront more directly (and with less romanticism) the real choices before us as we seek to employ limited resources most effectively in the service of teaching and research."-William G. Bowen, President, Mellon Foundation, Harold T. Shapiro, President, Princeton University, from the forewordOriginally published in 1996.The Princeton Legacy Library uses the latest print-on-demand technology to again make available previously out-of-print books from the distinguished backlist of Princeton University Press. These editions preserve the original texts of these important books while presenting them in durable paperback and hardcover editions. The goal of the Princeton Legacy Library is to vastly increase access to the rich scholarly heritage found in the thousands of books published by Princeton University Press since its founding in 1905.</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="530" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">Issued also in print.</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="538" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">Mode of access: Internet via World Wide Web.</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="546" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">In English.</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="588" ind1="0" ind2=" "><subfield code="a">Description based on online resource; title from PDF title page (publisher's Web site, viewed 30. Aug 2021)</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="650" ind1=" " ind2="0"><subfield code="a">College costs</subfield><subfield code="z">United States.</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="650" ind1=" " ind2="0"><subfield code="a">Education, Higher</subfield><subfield code="z">United States</subfield><subfield code="x">Finance.</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="650" ind1=" " ind2="0"><subfield code="a">Educational surveys</subfield><subfield code="z">United States.</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="650" ind1=" " ind2="7"><subfield code="a">EDUCATION / Higher.</subfield><subfield code="2">bisacsh</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="700" ind1="1" ind2=" "><subfield code="a">Bowen, William G., </subfield><subfield code="e">contributor.</subfield><subfield code="4">ctb</subfield><subfield code="4">https://id.loc.gov/vocabulary/relators/ctb</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="700" ind1="1" ind2=" "><subfield code="a">Shapiro, Harold T., </subfield><subfield code="e">contributor.</subfield><subfield code="4">ctb</subfield><subfield code="4">https://id.loc.gov/vocabulary/relators/ctb</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="773" ind1="0" ind2="8"><subfield code="i">Title is part of eBook package:</subfield><subfield code="d">De Gruyter</subfield><subfield code="t">Princeton Legacy Lib. eBook Package 1980-1999</subfield><subfield code="z">9783110413441</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="773" ind1="0" ind2="8"><subfield code="i">Title is part of eBook package:</subfield><subfield code="d">De Gruyter</subfield><subfield code="t">Princeton Legacy Lib. eBook Package Social Sciences</subfield><subfield code="z">9783110413601</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="773" ind1="0" ind2="8"><subfield code="i">Title is part of eBook package:</subfield><subfield code="d">De Gruyter</subfield><subfield code="t">Princeton University Press eBook-Package Archive 1927-1999</subfield><subfield code="z">9783110442496</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="776" ind1="0" ind2=" "><subfield code="c">print</subfield><subfield code="z">9780691601366</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="856" ind1="4" ind2="0"><subfield code="u">https://doi.org/10.1515/9781400864270</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="856" ind1="4" ind2="0"><subfield code="u">https://www.degruyter.com/isbn/9781400864270</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="856" ind1="4" ind2="2"><subfield code="3">Cover</subfield><subfield code="u">https://www.degruyter.com/cover/covers/9781400864270.jpg</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">978-3-11-041344-1 Princeton Legacy Lib. eBook Package 1980-1999</subfield><subfield code="c">1980</subfield><subfield code="d">1999</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">978-3-11-041360-1 Princeton Legacy Lib. eBook Package Social Sciences</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">978-3-11-044249-6 Princeton University Press eBook-Package Archive 1927-1999</subfield><subfield code="c">1927</subfield><subfield code="d">1999</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">EBA_BACKALL</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">EBA_CL_SN</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">EBA_EBACKALL</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">EBA_EBKALL</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">EBA_ECL_SN</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">EBA_EEBKALL</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">EBA_ESSHALL</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">EBA_PPALL</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">EBA_SSHALL</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">GBV-deGruyter-alles</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">PDA11SSHE</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">PDA13ENGE</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">PDA17SSHEE</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">PDA5EBK</subfield></datafield></record></collection>