Racisms : : From the Crusades to the Twentieth Century / / Francisco Bethencourt.

• Superior document: Title is part of eBook package: De Gruyter PUP eBook-Package Pilot Project 2014-2015
• VerfasserIn: Bethencourt, Francisco,
• Place / Publishing House: Princeton, NJ : : Princeton University Press, , [2014]; ©2014
• Year of Publication: 2014
• Edition: Course Book
• Language: English
• Physical Description: 1 online resource :; 71 halftones. 18 maps.

Racisms is the first comprehensive history of racism, from the Crusades to the twentieth century. Demonstrating that there is not one continuous tradition of racism, Francisco Bethencourt shows that racism preceded any theories of race and must be viewed within the prism and context of social hierarchies and local conditions. In this richly illustrated book, Bethencourt argues that in its various aspects, all racism has been triggered by political projects monopolizing specific economic and social resources.Racisms focuses on the Western world, but opens comparative views on ethnic discrimination and segregation in Asia and Africa. Bethencourt looks at different forms of racism, and explores instances of enslavement, forced migration, and ethnic cleansing, while analyzing how practices of discrimination and segregation were defended.This is a major interdisciplinary work that moves away from ideas of linear or innate racism and recasts our understanding of interethnic relations.

Table of Contents

Frontmatter -- Contents -- Illustrations -- Maps -- Acknowledgments -- Introduction -- Part I. The Crusades -- Chapter 1. From Greek to Muslim Perceptions -- Chapter 2. Christian Reconquest -- Chapter 3. Universalism: Integration and Classification -- Chapter 4. Typologies of Humankind and Models of Discrimination -- Part II. Oceanic Exploration -- Chapter 5. Hierarchies of Continents and Peoples -- Chapter 6. Africans -- Chapter 7. Americans -- Chapter 8. Asians -- Chapter 9. Europeans -- Part III. Colonial Societies -- Chapter 10. Ethnic Classification -- Chapter 11. Ethnic Structure -- Chapter 12. Projects and Policies -- Chapter 13. Discrimination and Segregation -- Chapter 14. Abolitionism -- Part IV. The Theories of Race -- Chapter 15. Classifications of Humans -- Chapter 16. Scientific Racialism -- Chapter 17. Darwin and Social Evolution -- Part V. Nationalism and Beyond -- Chapter 18. The Impact of Nationalism -- Chapter 19. Global Comparisons -- Conclusions -- Notes -- Index