An Imaginary Tale : : The Story of √-1 / / Paul J. Nahin.

• VerfasserIn: Nahin, Paul J.,
• Place / Publishing House: Princeton, NJ : : Princeton University Press, , [2010]; ©2010
• Year of Publication: 2010
• Edition: With a New preface by the author
• Language: English
• Series: Princeton Science Library ; 74
• Physical Description: 1 online resource (296 p.) :; 1 halftone. 47 line illus.

Today complex numbers have such widespread practical use--from electrical engineering to aeronautics--that few people would expect the story behind their derivation to be filled with adventure and enigma. In An Imaginary Tale, Paul Nahin tells the 2000-year-old history of one of mathematics' most elusive numbers, the square root of minus one, also known as i. He recreates the baffling mathematical problems that conjured it up, and the colorful characters who tried to solve them.In 1878, when two brothers stole a mathematical papyrus from the ancient Egyptian burial site in the Valley of Kings, they led scholars to the earliest known occurrence of the square root of a negative number. The papyrus offered a specific numerical example of how to calculate the volume of a truncated square pyramid, which implied the need for i. In the first century, the mathematician-engineer Heron of Alexandria encountered I in a separate project, but fudged the arithmetic; medieval mathematicians stumbled upon the concept while grappling with the meaning of negative numbers, but dismissed their square roots as nonsense. By the time of Descartes, a theoretical use for these elusive square roots--now called "imaginary numbers"--was suspected, but efforts to solve them led to intense, bitter debates. The notorious i finally won acceptance and was put to use in complex analysis and theoretical physics in Napoleonic times.Addressing readers with both a general and scholarly interest in mathematics, Nahin weaves into this narrative entertaining historical facts and mathematical discussions, including the application of complex numbers and functions to important problems, such as Kepler's laws of planetary motion and ac electrical circuits. This book can be read as an engaging history, almost a biography, of one of the most evasive and pervasive "numbers" in all of mathematics.Some images inside the book are unavailable due to digital copyright restrictions.

Table of Contents

Frontmatter -- A Note to the Reader -- Contents -- List of Illustrations -- Preface to the Paperback Edition -- Preface -- An Imaginary Tale -- Introduction -- CHAPTER ONE The Puzzles of Imaginary Numbers -- CHAPTER TWO. A First Try at Understanding the Geometry of √-1 -- CHAPTER THREE The Puzzles Start to Clear -- CHAPTER FOUR Using Complex Numbers -- CHAPTER FIVE More Uses of Complex Numbers -- CHAPTER SIX Wizard Mathematics -- CHAPTER SEVEN The Nineteenth Century, Cauchy, and the Beginning of Complex Function Theory -- APPENDIX A. The Fundamental Theorem of Algebra -- APPENDIX B. The Complex Roots of a Transcendental Equation -- APPENDIX C. (√-1)(√-1) to 135 Decimal Places, and How It Was Computed -- APPENDIX D. Solving Clausen's Puzzle -- APPENDIX E. Deriving the Differential Equation for the Phase-Shift Oscillator -- APPENDIX F. The Value of the Gamma Function on the Critical Line -- Notes -- Name Index -- Subject Index -- Acknowledgments