Power by Design : : Constitution-Making in Nationalist China / / Suisheng Zhao.

• Superior document: Title is part of eBook package: De Gruyter Asian Studies Archive (pre 2000) eBook Package
• VerfasserIn: Zhao, Suisheng,
• Place / Publishing House: Honolulu : : University of Hawaii Press, , [1995]; ©1995
• Year of Publication: 1995
• Language: English
• Physical Description: 1 online resource (232 p.)

First established as a cabinet system in Guangzhou in 1925, the Nationalist Government of China was replaced three years later by a presidential system under a unified Nationalist government in Nanjing. The cabinet government was restored in 1931 and existed until the presidential system was again installed by the 1936 constitution. Why did presidential and cabinet systems exist alternately during this formative period of the Nationalist government? Why was the presidential system finally adopted in 1936? Suisheng Zhao answers these and other questions fundamental to understanding authoritarian regimes in this pioneering study of the design of the Nationalist Government of China from 1925 to 1937. although scholars of comparative politics have shown great interest in the institutional choice between parliamentarianism and presidentialism in democratic countries, they have paid little attention to the study of constitutional frameworks in authoritarian settings. By offering a clear and original re-interpretation of the history of this power struggle between Chiang Kai-shek and his rivals over institutional design, Zhao challenges the conventional wisdom that has underestimated the importance of formal institutions in non-democratic regimes.Borrowing ideas from public choice theory, Zhao proposes that political actors who design governmental institutions are diven by power-maximization strategies just as business firms are driven by wealth-maximization strategies. Constitution-making reflects the underlying distribution of power among authoritarian leaders, who attempt to design political institutions that will consolidate their personal power and position. Thus, Zhao argues, if political actors possess more power resources than their rivals and anticipate themselves becoming dominant, they will choose the singular leadership of the presidential system. If they are in a weaker position and do not anticipate becoming dominant, they will prefer the collective leadership of the cabinet form of government.Notable for its persuasive integration of political science theory and the historical evidence, Power by Design is an insightful re-interpretation of Chinese history that will be welcomed by scholars of modern China and those interested in the consequences of the nationalist politics that continue to reverberate in contemporary Chine, as well as by comparative political scientists studying constitution-making and institutional design.

Table of Contents

Frontmatter -- Contents -- Note on Romanization -- Abbreviations -- Acknowledgments -- CHAPTER 1. Introduction: Institutional Design in Authoritarian Settings -- CHAPTER 2. The Rise of Constitutionalism -- CHAPTER 3. Power Resources and Authority Relationships -- CHAPTER 4. Relative Power Positions of the Major Players -- CHAPTER 5. Institutional Preferences of the Major Players -- CHAPTER 6. The Succession Struggle: From Cabinet to Presidential Government, 1925–1928 -- CHAPTER 7. The Grand Anti-Chiang Coalition: From Presidential to Cabinet Government, 1928–1931 -- CHAPTER 8. The Destruction of Chiang’s Major Rivals: From Cabinet Back to Presidentia Government, 1931–1937 -- CHAPTER 9. Conclusion: A Comparative Perspective -- Notes -- Selected Bibliography -- Index