When Sorry Isn't Enough : : The Controversy Over Apologies and Reparations for Human Injustice / / ed. by Roy L. Brooks.

• Superior document: Title is part of eBook package: De Gruyter New York University Press Archive eBook-Package Pre-2000
• MitwirkendeR: Armand French, Laurence,; Bear, Hairy,; Bittker, Boris I.,; Boraine, Alexander,; Brooks, Roy L.,; Chang, Iris,; Chew, Jennifer F.,; Conyers, John,; Daniels, Roger,; Davies, Alan,; Feagin, Joe R.,; Fleischner, Jennifer,; French, Howard W.,; Geoghegan, Thomas,; Grahame, James,; Hall, Tony P.,; Hancock, Ian,; Hatamiya, Leslie T.,; Hawk, Turning,; Hicks, George,; Higginbotham, A. Leon,; Hill, Little,; Hill, Rick,; Hope Franklin, John,; Horse, American,; Human, Linda,; Ito, Tetsuo,; Jaegermann, Judith,; Jessup Newton, Nell,; Johnson, Robert,; Kim, Hubert,; Levor, Ruth,; McCarthy, Emily H.,; McElvaine, Robert S.,; Mezey, Naomi,; Mkhize, Hlengiwe,; Moss, Alfred A.,; Munford, C. J.,; Nunn, Kenneth B.,; O’Brien, Eileen,; Paglia, Camille,; Palaneapope,,; Parker, Karen,; Poltawska, Wanda,; Pugh, Darrell L.,; Serrano, Susan K.,; Siegan, Bernard H.,; Smith, Mary E.,; Snyder, Abby,; Taylor, Sandra,; Verwoerd, Wilhelm,; Williams, Robert A.,; Yamamoto, Eric K.,
• HerausgeberIn: Brooks, Roy L.,
• Place / Publishing House: New York, NY : : New York University Press, , [1999]; ©1999
• Year of Publication: 1999
• Language: English
• Series: Critical America ; 10
• Physical Description: 1 online resource

"How much compensation ought to be paid to a woman who was raped 7,500 times? What would the members of the Commission want for their daughters if their daughters had been raped even once?"-Karen Parker, speaking before the U.N. Commission on Human RightsSeemingly every week, a new question arises relative to the current worldwide ferment over human injustices. Why does the U.S. offer $20,000 atonement money to Japanese Americans relocated to concentration camps during World War II, while not even apologizing to African Americans for 250 years of human bondage and another century of institutionalized discrimination? How can the U.S. and Canada best grapple with the genocidal campaigns against Native Americans on which their countries were founded? How should Japan make amends to Korean "comfort women" sexually enslaved during World War II? Why does South Africa deem it necessary to grant amnesty to whites who tortured and murdered blacks under apartheid? Is Germany's highly praised redress program, which has paid billions of dollars to Jews worldwide, a success, and, as such, an example for others?More generally, is compensation for a historical wrong dangerous "blood money" that allows a nation to wash its hands forever of its responsibility to those it has injured? A rich collection of essays from leading scholars, pundits, activists, and political leaders the world over, many written expressly for this volume, When Sorry Isn't Enough also includes the voices of the victims of some of the world's worst atrocities, thereby providing a panoramic perspective on an international controversy often marked more by heat than reason.

Table of Contents

Frontmatter -- Contents -- Preface -- PART 1. Introduction -- 1 The Age of Apology -- Suggested Readings -- PART 2. Nazi Persecution -- Introduction -- 2 A Reparations Success Story? -- The Scope of Persecution -- 3 The German Third Reich and Its Victims: Nazi Ideology -- Holocaust Narratives -- 4 Memories of My Childhood in the Holocaust -- 5 The Human “Guinea Pigs” of Ravensbrück -- 6 Stranger in Exile -- The National Security Defense -- 7 Putative National Security Defense: Extracts from the Testimony of Nazi SS Group Leader Otto Ohlendorf -- German Reparations -- 8 German Compensation for National Socialist Crimes: United States Department of Justice Foreign Claims Settlement Commission -- 9 Romani Victims of the Holocaust and Swiss Complicity -- 10 German Reparations: Institutionalized Insufficiency -- Suggested Readings -- PART 3. Comfort Women -- Introduction -- 11 What Form Redress? -- The Comfort Women System -- 12 The Jugun Ianfu System -- 13 Comfort Women Narratives: Report of the Special Rapporteur on Violence against Women -- 14 The Nanking Massacre -- 15 Japan’s Official Responses to Nanking -- The Redress Movement -- 16 The Comfort Women Redress Movement -- 17 Japan’s Official Responses to Reparations -- A Legal Analysis of Reparations -- 18 Japan’s Settlement of the Post–World War II Reparations and Claims -- 19 Reparations: A Legal Analysis -- An American Response -- 20 Lipinski Resolution -- Suggested Readings -- PART 4. Japanese Americans -- Introduction -- 21 Japanese American Redress and the American Political Process: A Unique Achievement? -- The Internment Experience -- 22 The Internment of Americans of Japanese Ancestry -- 23 Executive Order 9066: Authorizing the Secretary of War to Prescribe Military Areas -- 24 Report of the Commission on Wartime Relocation and Internment of Civilians -- 25 Japanese American Narratives -- The Redress Movement -- 26 Relocation, Redress, and the Report: A Historical Appraisal -- Forms of Redress -- 27 Redress Achieved, 1983–1990 -- 28 Institutions and Interest Groups: Understanding the Passage of the Japanese American Redress Bill -- 29 Proclamation 4417: Confirming the Termination of the Executive Order Authorizing Japanese-American Internment -- 30 Response to Criticisms of Monetary Redress -- 31 Testimony of Representative Norman Y. Mineta -- 32 German Americans, Italian Americans, and the Constitutionality of Reparations: Jacobs v. Barr -- 33 The Case of the Japanese Peruvians -- 34 Letters from John J. McCloy and Karl R. Bendetsen -- Suggested Readings -- PART 5. Native Americans -- Introduction -- 35 Wild Redress? -- The Native American Experience -- 36 Native American Reparations: Five Hundred Years and Counting -- Native American Narratives -- 37 The Killing of Big Snake, a Ponca Chief, October 31, 1879 -- 38 The Massacre at Wounded Knee, South Dakota, December 29, 1890 -- 39 How the Indians Are Victimized by Government Agents and Soldiers -- 40 Forced Removal of the Winnebago Indians, Nebraska, October 3, 1865 -- The Redress Movement: Land Claim Litigation -- 41 Indian Claims for Reparations, Compensation, and Restitution in the United States Legal System -- The Redress Movement: Land Claim Legislation -- 42 The True Nature of Congress’s Power over Indian Claims: An Essay on Venetie and the Uses of Silence in Federal Indian Law -- Repatriation of Religious and Cultural Artifacts -- 43 Repatriation Must Heal Old Wounds -- Wealth, Redistribution, and Sovereignty -- 44 Office of the Governor, Pete Wilson, State of California, Press Release -- 45 Statement of the Honorable Anthony R. Pico, Chairman, Viejas Band of Kumeyaay Indians, Press Conference -- 46 The Distribution of Wealth, Sovereignty, and Culture through Indian Gaming -- Suggested Readings -- PART 6. Slavery -- Introduction -- 47 Not Even an Apology? -- The Slave and the Free Black Experience -- 48 The Legal Status of African Americans during the Colonial Period -- 49 African Americans under the Antebellum Constitution: Supreme Court of the United States -- 50 Slave Narratives -- 51 Remembering Slavery -- 52 Life as a Free Black -- The Redress Movement -- 53 The Growing Movement for Reparations -- Forms of Redress: Apology -- 54 Why the North and South Should Have Apologized -- 55 Defense of Congressional Resolution Apologizing for Slavery -- 56 Clinton Opposes Slavery Apology -- 57 Ask Camille: Camille Paglia’s Online Advice for the Culturally Disgruntled -- 58 The Atlantic Slave Trade: On Both Sides, Reason for Remorse -- 59 They Didn’t March to Free the Slaves -- 60 Lincoln Apologizes -- Forms of Redress: Reparations -- 61 Special Field Order No. 15: “Forty Acres and a Mule” -- 62 The Commission to Study Reparations Proposals -- 63 Clinton and Conservatives Oppose Slavery Reparations -- 64 Collective Rehabilitation -- 65 The Constitutionality of Black Reparations -- Suggested Readings -- PART 7. Jim Crow -- Introduction -- 66 Redress for Racism? -- The Jim Crow Experience -- 67 The Triumph of White Supremacy -- Jim Crow Narratives -- 68 Jim Crow Narratives -- Forms of Redress -- 69 The United States Has Already Apologized for Racial Discrimination -- 70 The Long-Overdue Reparations for African Americans: Necessary for Societal Survival? -- 71 Reparations: Strategic Considerations for Black Americans -- 72 Repatriation as Reparations for Slavery and Jim-Crowism -- 73 Rosewood -- Suggested Readings -- PART 8. South Africa -- Introduction -- 74 What Price Reconciliation? -- The Apartheid Experience -- 75 African National Congress Statement to the Truth and Reconciliation Commission -- Apartheid Narratives -- 76 Truth and Reconciliation Commission, Amnesty Hearing: Testimony of Jeffrey T. Benzien -- 77 Truth and Reconciliation Commission, Amnesty Hearing: Affidavit and Testimony of Bassie Mkhumbuzi -- The Redress Movement -- 78 Alternatives and Adjuncts to Criminal Prosecutions -- Forms of Redress -- 79 Summary of Anti-Amnesty Case: Azanian Peoples Organization (AZAPO) and Others v. The President of the Republic of South Africa -- 80 Justice after Apartheid? Reflections on the South African TRC -- 81 Will the Amnesty Process Foster Reconciliation among South Africans? -- 82 Healing Racial Wounds? The Final Report of South Africa’s Truth and Reconciliation Commission -- 83 Introductory Notes to the Presentation of the Truth and Reconciliation Commission’s Proposed Reparation and Rehabilitation Policies -- 84 Truth and Reconciliation Commission Hearing, Testimony of Former President F. W. de Klerk -- 85 Affirmative Action as Reparation for Past Employment Discrimination in South Africa: Imperfect and Complex -- Suggested Readings -- Appendix: Selected List of Other Human Injustices -- Contributors -- Permissions -- Index -- About the Editor