The Importance of Being Fuzzy : : And Other Insights from the Border between Math and Computers / / Arturo Sangalli.

• Superior document: Title is part of eBook package: De Gruyter Princeton University Press eBook-Package Archive 1927-1999
• VerfasserIn: Sangalli, Arturo,
• Place / Publishing House: Princeton, NJ : : Princeton University Press, , [2018]; ©1999
• Year of Publication: 2018
• Language: English
• Physical Description: 1 online resource

How has computer science changed mathematical thinking? In this first ever comprehensive survey of the subject for popular science readers, Arturo Sangalli explains how computers have brought a new practicality to mathematics and mathematical applications. By using fuzzy logic and related concepts, programmers have been able to sidestep the traditional and often cumbersome search for perfect mathematical solutions to embrace instead solutions that are "good enough." If mathematicians want their work to be relevant to the problems of the modern world, Sangalli shows, they must increasingly recognize "the importance of being fuzzy." As Sangalli explains, fuzzy logic is a technique that allows computers to work with imprecise terms--to answer questions with "maybe" rather than just "yes" and "no." The practical implications of this flexible type of mathematical thinking are remarkable. Japanese programmers have used fuzzy logic to develop the city of Sendai's unusually energy-efficient and smooth-running subway system--one that does not even require drivers. Similar techniques have been used in fields as diverse as medical diagnosis, image understanding by robots, the engineering of automatic transmissions, and the forecasting of currency exchange rates. Sangalli also explores in his characteristically clear and engaging manner the limits of classical computing, reviewing many of the central ideas of Turing and Godel. He shows us how "genetic algorithms" can solve problems by an evolutionary process in which chance plays a fundamental role. He introduces us to "neural networks," which recognize ill-defined patterns without an explicit set of rules--much as a dog can be trained to scent drugs without ever having an exact definition of "drug." Sangalli argues that even though "fuzziness" and related concepts are often compared to human thinking, they can be understood only through mathematics--but the math he uses in the book is straightforward and easy to grasp. Of equal appeal to specialists and the general reader, The Importance of Being Fuzzy reveals how computer science is changing both the nature of mathematical practice and the shape of the world around us.

Table of Contents

Frontmatter -- Contents -- Preface -- Acknowledgments -- To the Reader -- PART ONE. BLURRED VISIONS -- CHAPTER ONE. Classes with Uncertain Borders -- CHAPTER TWO. Fuzzy Does It -- PART TWO. LIMITS -- CHAPTER THREE. The Limits of Classical Computing -- CHAPTER FOUR. The Limits of Formal Reasoning -- PART THREE. NATURAL SOLUTIONS -- CHAPTER FIVE. Net Gains -- CHAPTER SIX. Solutions via Evolution -- AFTERWORD -- APPENDIX 1. Fuzzy Inferences -- APPENDIX 2. The Functions of Natural Numbers Cannot Be Enumerated -- APPENDIX 3. The Halting Problem Is Unsolvable -- APPENDIX 4. Learning with the Back-Propagation Algorithm -- Index