A Source Book in Geology, 1400–1900 / / Kirtley F. Mather, Shirley L. Mason.

• Superior document: Title is part of eBook package: De Gruyter HUP e-dition: Complete eBook Package
• VerfasserIn: Mather, Kirtley F.,; Mason, Shirley L.,
• Place / Publishing House: Cambridge, MA : : Harvard University Press, , [2013]; ©1970
• Year of Publication: 2013
• Edition: Reprint 2014
• Language: English
• Series: Source Books in the History of the Sciences ; 8
• Physical Description: 1 online resource (702 p.) :; 7 illustrations, 20 figures, 1 map, 5 tables

Table of Contents

Frontmatter -- GENERAL EDITOR’S PREFACE -- A SOURCE BOOK IN GEOLOGY -- Contents -- Leonardo da Vinci (1452–1519): THE EARTH AND THE SEA -- AGRICOLA [GEORG BAUER] (1494–1555): THESTRUCTURE OF THE EARTH AND THE FORCES WHICH CHANGE THE EARTH -- GEORGE OWEN (1552–1613): THE COURSE OF ROCK SEAMS IN PENBROKSHIRE -- RENÉ DESCARTES (1596–1650): RATIONAL BASIS FOR HYPOTHESIS OF CREATION OF SOLAR SYSTEM: THE COMPOSITION OF THE EARTH -- ATHANASIUS KIRCHER (1602–1680): THE SUBTERRANEAN WORLD -- PIERRE PERRAULT (1611–1680): THE SOURCE OF WATER IN SPRINGS AND RIVERS -- BERNHARD VARENIUS (1622–1650): THE FIRST PHYSICAL GEOGRAPHY -- ROBERT BOYLE (1627–1691): CONDITIONS AT THE BOTTOM OF THE SEA -- HOOKE ROBERT HOOKE (1635–1703): EARTHQUAKES -- NICOLAUS STENO (1638–1687): OF SOLIDS NATURALLY CONTAINED WITHIN SOLIDS -- GOTTFRIED WILHELM LEIBNITZ (1646–1716): THE EARTH ORIGINALLY MOLTEN -- BENOIT DE MAILLET (1656–1738): STRATA FORMED BENEATH THE SEA -- John Woodward (1665–1722) EARTH HISTORY AND THE DELUGE -- John Stracbey (1671–1743): OBSERVATIONS ON THE STRATA IN THE SOMERSETSHIRE COAL FIELDS -- Lewis Evans (c. 1700-1756): THE PHYSIOGRAPHY OF THE MIDDLE BRITISH COLONIES IN AMERICA -- Georges Louis Leclerc, Comte de Buffon (1707–1788): THE COLLISION HYPOTHESIS OF EARTH ORIGIN – EPOCHS OF THE HISTORY OF THE EARTH -- GIOVANNI TARGIONI–TOZZETTI (1712–1784): VALLEYS FORMED BY STREAM EROSION -- GIOVANNI ARDUINO (1713–1795): ORIGIN OF MARBLE AND DOLOMITE -- JEANNE ETIENNE GUETTARD (1715–1786): MAP SHOWING THE ROCKS THAT TRAVERSE FRANCE AND ENGLAND 77 T H E FLUVIATILE ORIGIN OF THE PUDDINGSTONES [CONGLOMERATES] OF THE PARIS BASIN – THE FLUVIATILE ORIGIN OF THE PUDDINGSTONES [CONGLOMERATES] OF THE PARIS BASIN -- JOHN MICHELL (1724-1793): THE NATURE AND ORIGIN OF EARTHQUAKES – THE EARTH COMPOSED OF REGULAR AND UNIFORM STRATA -- IMMANUEL KANT ( 1724–1804): A NATURALISTIC HYPOTHESIS OF EARTH ORIGIN -- NICOLAS DESMAREST (1725–1805): THE VOLCANIC ORIGIN OF BASALT – AGE DETERMINATION IN A VOLCANIC REGION -- JAMES HUTTON (1726-1797): THEORY OF THE EARTH -- LAZARRO SPALLANZANI (1729–1799): ON BASALTIFORM LAVAS AND THE ROLE OF GASES IN VOLCANIC ERUPTIONS -- HENRY CAVENDISH (1731–1810): EXPERIMENTS TO DETERMINE THE DENSITY OF THE EARTH -- JEAN BAPTISLE LOUIS ROME DE L’ISLE (1736-1790): LAWS OF CRYSTALLIZATION -- RUDOLPH ERIC RASPE (1737–1794): COLUMNAR JOINTING IN BASALTIC LAVA -- Horace Benedicte de Saussure (1740–1799): ALPINE GEOLOGY -- Peter Simon Pallas (1741–1811): MOUNTAINS OF VARIOUS AGES -- Antoine Laurent Lavoisier (1743-1794): LITTORAL AND PELAGIC BEDS -- Abbi René Just Hauy (1743-1822): A BASIS FOR A SYSTEM OF MINERALOGY -- Jobn Playfair (1748–1819): PROOFS OF THE HUTTONIAN THEORIES -- Abraham Gottlob Werner (1749–1817): THE AQUEOUS ORIGIN OF BASALT -- Pierre Simon, Marquis de Laplace (1749–1847): THE NEBULAR HYPOTHESIS -- Guy S. Tancrède de Dolomieu (1750-1801): RHYOLITIC LAVAS – RELATIONS BETWEEN THE AUVERGNE VOLCANICS AND THE GRANITE ON WHICH THEY REST – ON THE DISTINCTIONS BETWEEN DOLOMITE AND LIMESTONE -- Jean Louis Giraud, Abbi Soulavie (1752–1813): METHODS OF DETERMINING THE CHRONOLOGICAL SEQUENCE OF ROCKS -- Sir James Hall (1761–1832): MARBLE FROM LIMESTONE IN THE LABORATORY – RESULTS OF THE SLOW COOLING OF MELTED ROCK – THE ROLE OF HEAT IN THE CONSOLIDATION OF STRATA -- William Maclure (1763–1840): OBSERVATIONS ON THE GEOLOGY OF THE UNITED STATES -- Ernst Friederieb, Baron von Scblottbeim (1764–1832): ON THE USE OF FOSSILS IN GEOLOGICAL INVESTIGATIONS -- WILLIAM NICOL (C. 1768–1851): THE NICOL PRISM – THE PREPARATION OF THIN SECTIONS -- Friedrieb Heinrieb Alexander, Baron von Humboldt (1769–1859): VOLCANIC ACTIVITY IN MEXICO – EARTHQUAKES AND VOLCANOES IN THE AMERICAS -- Léopold Chrétien Frédiric Dagobert Cuvier (1769–1832) REVOLUTIONS AND CATASTROPHES IN THE HISTORY OF THE EARTH -- Léopold Chrétien Frédiric Dagobert Cuvier (1769–1832) and Alexandre Brongniart (1770–1847): STRATIGRAPHY OF THE PARIS BASIN -- William Smith (1769–1839): THE STRATA OF ENGLAND -- John Macculloch (1773–1835): METAMORPHIC AND IGNEOUS ROCKS OF THE WESTERN ISLANDS OF SCOTLAND -- Leopold von Buch (1774–1852): THE IGNEOUS ORIGIN OF BASALT – THE RAISED COASTS OF SWEDEN – THE UPHEAVAL OF VOLCANOES – THE IMPORTANCE OF FOSSILS -- Pierre Louis Antoine Cordier (1777–1862): THE CRYSTALLINE NATURE OF VOLCANIC ROCK – THE TEMPERATURE GRADIENT OF THE EARTH’S INTERIOR -- Jean Baptiste Julien d’Omalius D’Halloy (1783-1875): THE SYSTEMATIC CLASSIFICATION OF GEOLOGIC FORMATIONS -- Adam Sedgwick (1785–1873): THE METAMORPHISM OF SEDIMENTARY ROCKS – ON THE CLASSIFICATION AND NOMENCLATURE OF THE LOWER PALEOZOIC ROCKS OF ENGLAND AND WALES -- Louis Constant Prévost (17870–1867): A NEW VOLCANIC ISLAND NOT UPHEAVED -- Francis Walker Gilmer (1790–1826): THE NATURAL BRIDGE OF VIRGINIA A RESULT OF EROSION -- Jean Renk Constant Quoy (1790–1869) and Joseph Paul Gaimard (c. 1790–1858): THE FORMATION OF CORAL ISLANDS -- Charles Babbage (1790–1871): THE TEMPLE OF SERAPIS -- Sir Roderick Impey Murchison (1792–1871): THE SILURIAN SYSTEM – THE PERMIAN SYSTEM -- Edward Hitchcock (1793–1864): FOOT MARKS ON NEW RED SANDSTONE IN MASSACHUSETTS – METAMORPHISM OF THE NEWPORT CONGLOMERATE -- Bernard Studer (1794–1887): METAMORPHIC MESOZOIC ROCKS DISTINGUISHED FROM PALEOZOIC -- Henry Thomas De la Beche (1796–1855) THE DRAFTING OF GEOLOGICAL SECTIONS -- Sir Charles Lyell (1797–1875): UNFORMITARIANISM – SUBDIVISIONS OF THE TERTIARY EPOCH -- George Poulett Scrope (1797–1876): VOLCANOES – THE ORIGIN OF VALLEYS -- Abraham Gesner (1797–1864): THE GEOLOGY OF GRAND MANAN -- Ebenezer Emmons (1798–1863): THE TACONIC SYSTEM -- Jean Baptiste Armand Louis Leonce Élie de Beaumont (1798–1874): THE NATURE AND CAUSE OF MOUNTAIN BUILDING -- Sir William Edmond Logan (1798–1875) and Thomas Sterry Hunt (1826–1892): GEOLOGIC OUTLINE OF CANADA -- Sir William Edmond Logan (1798–1875): HURONIAN AND LAURENTIAN DIVISIONS OF THE AZOIC ROCKS – A PRE-CAMBRIAN FOSSIL -- Heinrieb Georg Bronn (1800–1862): THE PLAN OF CREATION IN THE SERIES OF GEOLOGICAL AGES -- George Perkins Marsh (1801–1882): INFLUENCE OF THE FOREST ON FLOODS -- HUGH MILLER (1802–1856): A QUARRY LABORER AS A GEOLOGICAL OBSERVER -- Sir Richard Owen (1804–1892): THE ARCHEOPTERYX FROM SOLENHOFEN -- Daniel Sharpe (1806–1856): THE RELATION BETWEEN DISTORTION AND SLATY CLEAVAGE -- Reinhard Bernhardt: AN HYPOTHESIS OF EXTENSIVE GLACIATION IN PREHISTORIC TIME -- Louis Jean Agassiz (1807–1873) EVIDENCE OF A GLACIAL EPOCH -- WILLIAM BARTON ROGERS (1805–1881): FOSSIL EVIDENCE OF THE EARLY PALEOZOIC AGE OF CERTAIN ROCKS IN NEW ENGLAND -- HENRY DARWIN ROGERS (1809–1866) AND WILLIAM BARTON ROGERS (1805–1881): MOUNTAIN BUILDING FORCES EXEMPLIFIED BY THE APPALACHIAN SYSTEM -- HENRY DARWIN ROGERS ( 1809–1866): AN INQUIRY INTO THE ORIGIN OF THE APPALACHIAN COAL STRATA, BITUMINOUS AND ANTHRACITIC -- CHARLES ROBERT DARWIN (1809–1882): THE ORIGIN OF CORAL REEFS AND ISLANDS – THE SETTLING OF CRYSTALS IN MOLTEN LAVA – T H E NATURE OF GRANITE CONTACTS – RECENT UPLIFT OF THE SOUTH AMERICAN COAST – THE IMPERFECTION OF THE GEOLOGIC RECORD OF LIFE DEVELOPMENT -- ROBERT EVEREST (C. 1805–C. 1875): A QUANTITATIVE STUDY OF STREAM TRANSPORTATION -- ANDREW ATKINSON HUMPHREYS (1810–1883) AND HENRY LARCOM ABBOT (1831–1927): THE AMOUNT OF SEDIMENT CARRIED BY THE MISSISSIPPI -- WILLIAM H. SIDELL (1810–1873): ON CERTAIN GEOLOGICAL PHENOMENA OF THE MISSISSIPPI DELTA -- THOMAS OLDHAM (1817–1878): STREAM EROSION AND TRANSPORTATION -- ALEXANDRE SURELL (1813–1887): TORRENTIAL STREAMS AND THEIR CONTROL -- JOSEPH BEETE JUKES (1811–1869): DISTINCTION BETWEEN CONTEMPORANEOUS AND INTRUSIVE TRAP -- ROBERT WILHELM EBERHARD VON BUNSEN ( 1811–1899): GENETIC RELATIONS OF IGNEOUS ROCKS -- Robert Mallet (1810–1881): THE DYNAMICS OF EARTHQUAKES -- John Henry Pratt (c.

1811–1871): THE ATTRACTION OF THE HIMALAYA MOUNTAINS UPON THE PLUMBLINE IN INDIA – THE DEFLECTION OF THE PLUMB-LINE IN INDIA AND THE COMPENSATORY EFFECT OF A DEFICIENCY OF MATTER BELOW THE HIMALAYA MOUNTAINS – SPECULATION ON THE CONSTITUTION OF THE EARTH’S CRUST -- George Bedell Airy (1801–1892): AN HYPOTHESIS OF CRUSTAL BALANCE -- JAMES HALL (1811–1898) CORRELATION OF PALEOZOIC ROCKS OF NEW YORK WITH THOSE OF EUROPE – THE RELATION OF MOUNTAINS TO REGIONS OF THICK SEDIMENTARY ACCUMULATION – PHYSICAL CONDITIONS IN PALEOZOIC SEAS -- James Dwight Dana ( 1813–1895): ORIGIN OF THE MINERAL CONSTITUTION OF IGNEOUS ROCKS – ON THE ORIGIN OF CONTINENTS AND MOUNTAIN RANGES – ON THE NATURE OF VOLCANIC ERUPTIONS -- Sir Andrew Crosbie Ramsay (1814–1891): MARINE DENUDATION IN SOUTHERN WALES – ON THE PROBABLE EXISTENCE OF GLACIERS AND ICEBERGS IN THE PERMIAN EPOCH -- Gabriel August Daubrée (1814–1896): EXPERIMENTS ON THE ACTION OF SUPERHEATED WATER IN THE FORMATION OF SILICATES – FRACTURES RESULTING FROM TORSIONAL STRAINS – EXPERIMENTS ON THE FOLDING AND FAULTING OF STRATA -- Alpbonse Favre (1815–1890): EXPERIMENTAL REPRODUCTION OF MOUNTAIN STRUCTURES BY LATERAL COMPRESSION -- J. Peter Lesley (1819-1903): APPALACHIAN STRUCTURE AND TOPOGRAPHY – PHYSIOGRAPHIC PROVINCES OF EASTERN UNITED STATES -- John William Dawson (1820–1899): MARINE ALLUVIAL SOILS – CARBONIFEROUS FOSSILS OF THE JOGGINS SECTION -- Jobn Strong Newberry ( 1822–1892): CIRCLES OF DEPOSITION IN AMERICAN SEDIMENTARY ROCKS -- Joseph Le Conte (1823–1901): ON THE ORIGIN OF NORMAL FAULTS AND OF THE STRUCTURE OF THE BASIN REGION -- SIR WILLIAM THOMSON, LORD KELVIN ( 1824–1907): ON THE SECULAR COOLING OF THE EARTH -- HERMANN STERNBERG (1825–1885): STREAM PROFILES -- THOMAS HENRY HUXLEY ( 1825–1895): THE GEOLOGICAL HISTORY OF THE HORSE -- HENRY CLIFTON SORBY (1826–1908): ON THE ORIGIN OF SLATY CLEAVAGE – ON THE MICROSCOPICAL STRUCTURE OF CRYSTALS, INDICATING THE ORIGIN OF MINERALS AND ROCKS – THIN SECTIONS AND THEIR VALUE TO THE GEOLOGIST -- FERDINAND ANDRÉ FOUQUÉ (1828–1904 ): AND AUGUSTE MICHEL-LÉVY (1844–1908) THE ARTIFICIAL PRODUCTION OF FELDSPARS – THE ARTIFICIAL PRODUCTION OF A CRYSTALLINE IGNEOUS ROCK -- WILLIAM HENRY BREWER (1828–1910): THE DEPOSITION OF CLAY IN SALT WATER -- CARL OCHSENIUS (1830–1906): THE DEPOSITION OF ROCK SALT -- EDUARD SUESS (1831–1914): ON MOUNTAIN STRUCTURES AND THE FORCES WHICH FORM THEM – STRUCTURAL FEATURES OF THE EARTH -- THOMAS MELLARD READE (1832–1909): THE IMPORTANCE OF SOLUTION AS A FACTOR IN EROSION -- BARON FERDINAND VON RICHTBOFEN (1833–1905): A CLASSIFICATION OF VOLCANIC ROCKS – MARINE ABRASION AND TRANSGRESSION -- JOHN WESLEY POWELL (1834–1902): A CLASSIFICATION OF STREAMS AND VALLEYS -- SIR ARCHIBALD GEIKIE (1835–1924): ON DENUDATION NOW IN PROGRESS -- GASTON DE LA NOË (1836–1902): AND EMMANUEL DE MARGERIE (1862–): CONCERNING THE FASHIONING OF SLOPES -- FERENCZ POŠEPNÝ (1836–1895): GROUND WATER AND THE DEPOSITION OF ORE BODIES -- Raphael Pumpelly (1837-1923): THE RELATION OF SECULAR ROCK-DISINTEGRATION TO LOESS, GLACIAL DRIFT, AND ROCK BASINS -- Richard Anthony Proctor (1837–1888): METEORIC SYSTEMS AND THE ORIGIN OF THE EARTH -- James Geikie (1839–1915): ON CHANGES OF CLIMATE DURING THE GLACIAL EPOCH -- Nathaniel Soutbgate Shaler (1841–1906): THE CHANGE OF SEA LEVEL – ORIGIN OF FIORDS AND ESTUARIES -- Clarence Edward Dutton (1841–1912): THE GREAT DENUDATION – ISOSEISMAL LINES AND EARTHQUAKE INTENSITY – ISOSTASY -- Karl August Lossen (1841–1893): THE DISTINCTION BETWEEN CONTACT AND REGIONAL METAMORPHISM -- Alexander William Bickerton (1842–1914): COLLISION AND ACCRETION HYPOTHESIS OF EARTH ORIGIN -- Charles Lapworth (1842–1920): THE ORDOVICIAN SYSTEM – THE SECRET OF THE HIGHLANDS -- Grove Karl Gilbert (1843–1918): AN ANALYSIS OF SUBAERIAL EROSION – LAND SCULPTURE – LACCOLITHS AND THEIR ORIGIN – HISTORY OF LAKE BONNEVILLE – THE TOPOGRAPHIC FEATURES OF LAKE SHORES -- Tbomas Crowder Cbamberlin (1843–1928): THE METHOD OF MULTIPLE WORKING HYPOTHESIS – ON THE INTERIOR STRUCTURE, SURFACE TEMPERATURE, AND AGE OF THE EARTH – THE PLANETESIMAL HYPOTHESIS -- Marcel Alexandre Bertrand (1847-1907): OVERTHRUSTING IN THE ALPS -- Archibald Robertson Marvine (1848–1876): PROCESSES OF EROSION IN THE COLORADO FRONT RANGE -- Israel Charles White (1848–1927): THE ANTICLINAL THEORY OF GAS ACCUMULATION -- ALBERT HEIM (1849–1937): ON ROCK DEFORMATION DURING MOUNTAIN BUILDING -- WILLIAM MORRIS DAVIS (1850–1934): THE EROSION CYCLE IN THE LIFE OF A RIVER – PLAINS OF MARINE AND SUBAERIAL DENUDATION -- W.J. MCGEE (1853–1912): THE COASTAL PLAIN AND THE FALL LINE -- JOSEPH PAXSON IDDINGS (1857–1920): PHENOCRYSTS – RELATION BETWEEN MINERAL COMPOSITION AND MODE OF OCCURRENCE OF IGNEOUS ROCKS -- CHARLES RICHARD VAN HISE (1857–1918): PRE–CAMBRIAN GEOLOGY – THE MEANING OF ROCK FLOWAGE -- GUIDE TO SUBJECT MATTER -- Index