Witches, Whores, and Sorcerers : : The Concept of Evil in Early Iran / / S. K. Mendoza Forrest.

• Superior document: Title is part of eBook package: De Gruyter University of Texas Press eBook-Package Backlist 2000-2013
• VerfasserIn: Forrest, S. K. Mendoza,
• TeilnehmendeR: Skjaervø, Prods Oktor.
• MitwirkendeR: Skjærvø, Prods Oktor,
• Place / Publishing House: Austin : : University of Texas Press, , [2021]; ©2011
• Year of Publication: 2021
• Language: English
• Physical Description: 1 online resource (245 p.)

Early Iranians believed evil had to have a source outside of God, which led to the concept of an entity as powerful and utterly evil as God is potent and good. These two forces, good and evil, which have always vied for superiority, needed helpers in this struggle. According to the Zoroastrians, every entity had to take sides, from the cosmic level to the microcosmic self. One of the results of this battle was that certain humans were thought to side with evil. Who were these allies of that great Evil Spirit? Women were inordinately singled out. Male healers were forbidden to deal with female health disorders because of the fear of the polluting power of feminine blood. Female healers, midwives, and shamans were among those who were accused of collaborating with the Evil Spirit, because they healed women. Men who worked to prepare the dead were also suspected of secret evil. Evil even showed up as animals such as frogs, snakes, and bugs of all sorts, which scuttled to the command of their wicked masters. This first comprehensive study of the concept of evil in early Iran uncovers details of the Iranian struggle against witchcraft, sorcery, and other "evils," beginning with their earliest texts.

Table of Contents

Frontmatter -- Contents -- The avesta and its translation -- Preface -- Acknowledgments -- Introduction -- Chapter one. The Study of an Ancient Tradition -- Chapter tWo. The Iranians and Their Literature -- Chapter 3 Magic and the Magi -- Chapter Four. General Concepts of Evil in the Avesta -- Chapter Five. “Naturally” Occurring Evils -- Chapter six. Sorcerers, Witches, Whores, and Menstruating Women -- Chapter seven. The Evil Eye, Corpse- Abusing Criminals, Demon Worshippers, and Friends -- Chapter eight. Exorcistic and Apotropaic Rituals -- Chapter nine. Structure of Avestan Incantations -- Chapter ten. Uses for Avestan Incantations -- Chapter eleven. Exorcisms -- Chapter twelve. Conclusion -- Notes -- Bibliography -- Index