The Miners of Windber : : The Struggles of New Immigrants for Unionization, 1890s-1930s / / Mildred Beik.

• Superior document: Title is part of eBook package: De Gruyter Penn State University Press Complete eBook-Package Pre-2014
• VerfasserIn: Beik, Mildred,
• Place / Publishing House: University Park, PA : : Penn State University Press, , [2021]; ©1996
• Year of Publication: 2021
• Language: English
• Physical Description: 1 online resource (480 p.) :; 29 illustrations

In 1897 the Berwind-White Coal Mining Company founded Windber as a company town for its miners in the bituminous coal country of Pennsylvania. The Miners of Windber chronicles the coming of unionization to Windber, from the 1890s, when thousands of new immigrants flooded Pennsylvania in search of work, through the New Deal era of the 1930s, when the miners' rights to organize, join the United Mine Workers of America, and bargain collectively were recognized after years of bitter struggle.Mildred Allen Beik, a Windber native whose father entered the coal mines at age eleven in 1914, explores the struggle of miners and their families against the company, whose repressive policies encroached on every part of their lives. That Windber's population represented twenty-five different nationalities, including Slovaks, Hungarians, Poles, Italians, and Carpatho-Russians, was a potential obstacle to the solidarity of miners. Beik, however, shows how the immigrants overcame ethnic fragmentation by banding together as a class to unionize the mines. Work, family, church, fraternal societies, and civic institutions all proved critical as men and women alike adapted to new working conditions and to a new culture. Circumstance, if not principle, forced miners to embrace cultural pluralism in their fight for greater democracy, reforms of capitalism, and an inclusive, working-class, definition of what it meant to be an American.Beik draws on a wide variety of sources, including oral histories gathered from thirty-five of the oldest living immigrants in Windber, foreign-language newspapers, fraternal society collections, church manuscripts, public documents, union records, and census materials. The struggles of Windber's diverse working class undeniably mirror the efforts of working people everywhere to democratize the undemocratic America they knew. Their history suggests some of the possibilities and limitations, strengths and weaknesses, of worker protest in the early twentieth century.

Table of Contents

Frontmatter -- Contents -- List of Illustrations -- List of Tables -- Acknowledgments -- Introduction -- PART ONE: STRUCTURE AND SOCIETY -- 1. From Berwind to Windber -- 2. From Europe to Windber -- 3. The Work of Mining -- 4. Women's Work 82 -- 5. Ethnic Communities and Class -- PART TWO: STRUGGLES AND STRIKES -- 6. First Stirrings -- 7. Friends and Enemies -- 8. The Strike of 1906 -- 9. Rising Expectations 231 -- 10. The Strike of 1922 -- 11. The Long Depression and the New Deal -- 12. The Achievements and Limits of Worker Pr -- Epilogue -- Appendixes -- Notes -- Selected Bibliography -- Index -- About the Author