Civil and Uncivil Violence in Lebanon : : A History of the Internationalization of Communal Conflict / / Samir Khalaf.

• Superior document: Title is part of eBook package: De Gruyter Columbia University Press eBook-Package Backlist 2000-2013
• VerfasserIn: Khalaf, Samir,
• Place / Publishing House: New York, NY : : Columbia University Press, , [2002]; ©2002
• Year of Publication: 2002
• Language: English
• Series: History and Society of the Modern Middle East
• Physical Description: 1 online resource (224 p.)
• Other title: Frontmatter --; Contents --; Preface --; Acknowledgment --; 1 On Proxy Wars and Surrogate Victims --; 2 The Radicalization of Communal Loyalties --; 3 The Drift into Incivility --; 4 Peasants, Commoners and Clerics Resistance and Rebellion: 1820-1860 --; 5 Civil Strife of 1958: Revolt and Counter Revolt --; 6 Lebanon's Golden/Gilded Age: 1943-1975 --; 7 From Playground to Battleground: Preludes to Civil Strife --; 8 Scares and Scars of War --; 9 From Shakib Efendi to Ta'if --; 10 Prospects For Civility --; Notes --; Bibliography --; Index
• Format: Mode of access: Internet via World Wide Web.
• ISBN: 9780231505369; 9783110442472
• DOI: 10.7312/khal12476
• Access: restricted access
• Hierarchical level: Monograph
• Statement of Responsibility: Samir Khalaf.

In this long-awaited work, Samir Khalaf analyzes the history of civil strife and political violence in Lebanon and reveals the inherent contradictions that have plagued that country and made it so vulnerable to both inter-Arab and superpower rivalries. How did afairly peaceful and resourceful society, with an impressive history of viablepluralism, coexistence, and republicanism, become the site of so muchbarbarism and incivility? Khalaf argues that historically internal grievances have been magnified or deflected to become the source of international conflict. From the beginning, he shows, foreign interventions have consistently exacerbated internal problems.Lebanon's fragmented political culture is a byproduct of two general features. First, it reflects the traditional forces and political conflicts caused by striking differences in religious beliefs and communal and sectarian loyalties that continue to split the society and reinforce its factional character. Second, and superimposed on these, are new forms of socioeconomic and cultural stress caused by Lebanon's role in the continuing international conflicts in the region. Khalaf concludes that Lebanon is now at a crossroads in its process of political and social transformation, and proposes some strategies to re-create a vibrant civil and political culture that can accommodate profound transformations in the internal, domestic sphere as well as mediate developments taking place internationally. Throughout, Khalaf demonstrates how the internal and external currents must be considered simultaneously in order to understand the complex and tragic history of the country. This deeply considered and subtle analysis of the interplay of complex historical forces helps us to imagine a viable future not only for Lebanon but also for the Middle East as a whole.