Joe Pawsey and the Founding of Australian Radio Astronomy : : Early Discoveries, from the Sun to the Cosmos.
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Superior document: | Historical and Cultural Astronomy Series |
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Place / Publishing House: | Cham : : Springer International Publishing AG,, 2023. ©2023. |
Year of Publication: | 2023 |
Edition: | 1st ed. |
Language: | English |
Series: | Historical and Cultural Astronomy Series
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Online Access: | |
Physical Description: | 1 online resource (833 pages) |
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Table of Contents:
- Intro
- Foreword
- Preface
- J.L. Pawsey and a New Understanding of Early Radio Astronomy
- Who Was J.L. Pawsey?
- Our Approach: Understanding Science Through History
- Different Perspectives on History
- Structure of This Book
- Pawsey in the History of Radio Astronomy
- Ideas in This Book
- Perspective and History
- Pawsey and the Philosophy and Sociology of Science
- J.L. Pawsey: A Quintessential Mertonian Scientist
- Meet the Authors
- W. M. Goss
- Ronald D. Ekers
- Claire Hooker
- Additional Texts and Sources
- Our Sources
- Acknowledgements
- Contents
- Part I: Childhood
- Chapter 1: An Inheritance of Intangibles, 1890s
- Chapter 2: Just a Boy from the Bush, 1908-1925
- The YAL Tour of Europe December 1924 to July 1925
- Chapter 3: Becoming a Physicist, 1926-1929
- Part II: Becoming a Scientist
- Chapter 4: New Opportunities in Australian Science, 1929
- The Developing Independence of Australian Science and the Formation of the CSIR
- Creation of the CSIR, Scene of Most of Pawseyś Career
- Radio: A Technology Transforming Australia
- The Creation of the Radio Research Board (CSIR): High Impact in Constrained Circumstances
- David F. Martyn, A.L. Green and G.H. Munro and L.H. Huxley Are Recruited to the Radio Research Board, 1929-1930
- Chapter 5: Ionospheric Research, 1895-1935
- The Beginnings of Radio
- 1902-1925: Surface Diffraction-A Productive Research Program Based on an Incorrect Premise
- 1910-1919: The Austin-Cohen Formula: Discarding Anomalous Data
- Hypothesising an ``Ionosphere ́́-- The Idea of Atmospheric Reflection, 1902
- Direction-Finding Equipment and the Existence of the Ionosphere
- Thinking with Equipment: Adapting Direction-Finders to Investigate ``Sky Waves ́́-- Sir Edward Appleton, the Frequency-Change Method and the Magneto-Ionic Theory of the ``Ionosphere,́́ 1924.
- Connections to Cambridge and London: How the Magneto-Ionic Paradigm Generated a Research Program in Australia, 1929-1939
- An American Contribution: The ``Pulse-Echo ́́Method for Ionospheric ``Sounding,́́ 1925
- Chapter 6: To the Cavendish Laboratory of the University of Cambridge, 1931
- 1931: Award of an 1851 Exhibition Scholarship, Choice Between London and Cambridge
- Friends and Student Life: J. L. Pawsey and Frederick H. ``Ted ́́Nicoll from Canada, 1931-1933
- Chapter 7: Research for PhD Thesis at Cambridge, 1931-1934
- Stages 1 and 2: De-Correlated Echoes and Lateral Deviation of Downcoming ``Wireless ́́Waves
- Stage 3: Use of the Appleton Frequency-Change Method
- Stage 4: Tuve-Breit Pulse-Echo Method, Pawsey 1932-1934
- Summary of 4 Stages of Research
- Conclusion of Pawseyś Thesis 1935
- Ratcliffeś Evaluation of Pawseyś Research of 1931-1934, in 1974
- Chapter 8: After the PhD: Electric and Musical Industries (EMI) and Marriage to Lenore Nicoll, 1934-1939
- J.L. Pawsey: Courtship and Marriage
- Courtship (1933-1934) and Marriage (1935) to Lenore Nicoll
- Seeking Employment outside the UK
- Part III: WWII 1939-1945
- Chapter 9: Pawseyś Role in Australian Radar Research in World War II, 1939-1945
- Radar History: An Australian Perspective, 1930s
- Radar: British Secrecy and Australian Developments, 1930s
- Pawseyś Recruitment to RPL
- Radiophysics Laboratory, 1940-1941: Shore Defence, the T/R Switch and the Buggery Bar
- Australian Isolation: Other Developments in Radar
- Difficulties at Radiophysics, 1941
- Scientific Liaison Overseas
- Air Warning, 1941-1942: Applied Science and Wartime Bureaucracy
- Light-Weight/Air Warning (LW/AW) Radar, 1942
- Emerging Leadership and Microwave Radar in Australia
- 1943- a ``Golden Year ́́in Australian Radar: Changes in Outlook
- Radar and Victory in the Pacific, 1945.
- Chapter 10: Transition to Peace, 1945-1946
- Post-War Planning in 1943
- Post-War Planning in 1944
- Radiophysics and the Military Part Company
- From CSIR to CSIRO: Organisational Change
- Aversion to Secrecy at CSIR
- Towards the Sun
- Part IV: Hot Corona
- Chapter 11: Beginnings of Solar Radio Astronomy, 1944-1945
- The Forerunners
- From Applied Science to a New Field
- Radio Astronomy in New Zealand and Australia
- Chapter 12: Serendipity: Sunspots at Collaroy, 1945-1946
- Serendipity
- Action in Sydney at the End of WWII
- The Original Data from Collaroy: First Post-War Radio Astronomy Records
- Planning the Next Phase of Research, December 1945
- Chapter 13: Sea-Cliff Interferometry: Dover Heights, 1946
- Breakthroughs
- The First Fringes: Australia Day, 26 January 1946
- The Giant Sunspot of Early February 1946
- Principle of Aperture Synthesis
- Variations Are Intrinsic to the Sun, Typical Bursts Non-thermal
- Chapter 14: The Million Degree Solar Corona, 1945-1946
- Introduction
- Understanding the Sun
- Preparation to Publish Radio Observation of the Hot Corona
- ANZAAS 1946 and URSI, Paris, 1946
- ``Hot Corona ́́Published in Nature, 2 November 1946
- Afterword: Pawsey and Yabsley Summary Publication on Radio Properties of the Quiet Sun, 1949
- Priority Disputes and Scientific Discovery
- Part V: Connections
- Chapter 15: Horizons, 1944-1947
- Introduction
- Before Solar Radio Astronomy at Collaroy
- Planning for Travel
- Family Life
- Towards Departure
- Chapter 16: A New Field of Science, Postwar
- Other Developments at RPL: Cloud Physics
- RPL Sydney: Pawsey Builds a ``Learning Organisation ́́for a New Field of Science
- The Sun and the Radio Stars
- Groups, Stations and Projects
- Managing an Emerging Learning Organisation
- Developments in the UK.
- The Cavendish Laboratory, Cambridge: Martin Ryleś Group
- At the University of Manchester: Bernard Lovellś Group
- Developments in the USA
- Developments in Canada
- National Research Council in Ottawa
- David Dunlop Observatory in Toronto
- The Netherlands: The Bridge Between Radio and Optical Observation
- Leading the World from ``Down Under?́́
- Chapter 17: Pursuing ``Radio Astronomy:́́ Pawseyś Travels to North America, the UK and Europe, 1947-1948
- Contacts with Australian Post-Graduate Students at Cambridge
- Presenting Australian Results
- Considering ``Radio Stars ́́-- Reporting Back
- Pawseyś Attempts to Recruit Theoretician Colleagues
- The Costs of Absence: Bowenś Review of the Laboratory, May 1948
- RPL Awaits Pawseyś Return, 1948
- Publications Concerns at RPL
- Homeward Bound
- Chapter 18: Scintillating Relationship with Cambridge, 1948-1951
- Scintillation and Cygnus A 1946-1950
- Bolton, Stanley and Slee in New Zealand
- Further Disadvantage
- The Cosmic Noise Expedition, New Zealand, and the Identification of Taurus A, Centaurus A and Virgo A
- The Positions of the Brightest Two Radio Sources, Graham Smith-1951: Cygnus A and Cassiopeia A
- Part VI: Quiet Leadership
- Chapter 19: Consolidation: Leadership at RPL, 1950-1951
- Introduction
- To Europe
- A Textbook for Radio Astronomy
- URSI 1950, Zurich: 9 to 22 September
- The Textbook Is Contracted
- Resourcing Astronomy in Australia, 1951-1952
- Addendum: Long Visions
- Chapter 20: Finite Resources: Pawsey and the HI-Line, 1948-1960
- Introduction
- 1948 and Pawseyś First Realisation of the Importance of the HI Line
- Mills and HI Line in 1949
- Paul Wild, Ruby Payne-Scott, John Bolton and the HI Line
- HI Line Detected and Confirmation in Sydney 6 July 1951
- Chapter 21: No More Radio Stars! 1952.
- The End of the ``Radio Star ́́Model: Measuring Radio Source Sizes
- URSI Comes to Sydney
- Excitement at URSI: The Angular Size of Sources
- Collaborations at and After URSI 1952
- Chapter 22: ``Radio ́́is Part of Astronomy, 1947-1961
- Introduction
- Radio Astronomy in 1953
- B.Y. Mills
- Correspondence Between Mount Wilson/Palomar with RPL: 1953
- The Mills Cross, March 1953
- Millsś Visit to the US August 1953-February 1954
- Chapter 23: The Galactic Centre, 1951-1954
- Introduction
- The Piddington and Minnett (1951) Observations and Interpretation
- The New ``Hole-in-the-Ground ́́Telescope at Dover Heights
- Pawseyś Interest and Boltonś Departure, 1952-1953
- Surveying the Sky
- Confidence and Caution: Publishing the Galactic Centre Discovery, 1954
- Aftermath, 1955
- The Big Picture
- The Nobel Prize
- Chapter 24: The Royal Society: Europe and North America, 1954
- Election as Fellow of the Royal Society of London
- The Significance of Radio as a Field of Astronomy
- Pawseyś Overseas Trip July-October 1954
- URSI General Assembly in the Hague from 23 August to 4 September 1954
- Solar Work: Potts Hill
- Mills Cross: Fleurs
- HI in the Magellanic Clouds: Potts Hill
- Galactic HI: Potts Hill
- David Martyn: URSI 1954
- London and Freiberg September 1954
- New York, Visit to North American October 1954
- Canada: October 1954
- Completing the Textbook Radio Astronomy: Caltech and Berkeley, Mid October 1954
- Back at CSIRO in Sydney: Late October 1954
- Chapter 25: The Sun and the Ionosphere, 1946-1955
- The Status of Ionospheric and Solar Physics in the World of Astronomy
- Solar Radio Astronomy in Australia (1947-1955)
- The First Radio Observations of the Sun
- Ionospheric Research 1947-1954
- Thermal Radiation from the Ionosphere, 1947-1953
- Study of the Ionospheric D Layer, 1951-1953.
- Ionospheric Scintillation (1954).