Electricity Access, Decarbonization, and Integration of Renewables : : Insights and Lessons from the Energy Transformation in Bangladesh, South Asia, and Sub-Sahara Africa.

• Superior document: Energiepolitik und Klimaschutz. Energy Policy and Climate Protection Series
• Author: Groh, Sebastian.
• TeilnehmendeR: Barner, Lukas.; Heinemann, Georg.; von Hirschhausen, Christian.
• Place / Publishing House: Wiesbaden : : Springer Vieweg. in Springer Fachmedien Wiesbaden GmbH,, 2022.; Ã2023.
• Year of Publication: 2022
• Edition: 1st ed.
• Language: English
• Series: Energiepolitik und Klimaschutz. Energy Policy and Climate Protection Series
• Physical Description: 1 online resource (290 pages)

Table of Contents

Intro -- A Foreword from Bangladesh -- A Foreword from Germany -- Contents -- Electricity Access, Decarbonization, and Integration of Renewables: Insights and Lessons from the Energy Transformation in Bangladesh, South Asia, and Sub-Sahara Africa -- Abstract -- 1 Preface -- 2 The low-carbon energy transformation -- 3 Focus on electricity access, decarbonization, and integration of renewables -- 4 Structure of the book -- 4.1 Introduction and welcome addresses -- 4.2 Part I: Energy Sector Reform in Bangladesh@50 -- 4.3 Part II: Low-carbon energy transformation in South Asia -- 4.4 Part III: Lessons from Sub-Sahara Africa -- 5 Concluding Remarks -- 6 Appendix: A selection of panelists' quotes at the MES2021 Conference -- References -- Powering up a Country into the Middle-Income Club -- Abstract -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Stylized facts on the Bangladesh Energy Sector during Last 50 Years -- 2.1 Generation Capacity -- 2.2 Per Capita Energy Consumption (PCEC) -- 2.3 Access to Electricity and System Loss -- 2.4 Fuel Mix Options in Electricity Generation -- 2.5 Move towards Competitive Market Environment and Investment Trend -- 3 Energy Market Reforms in Bangladesh -- 3.1 Policies to Facilitate Reform Initiatives -- 3.2 Energy Sector Reforms in Bangladesh -- 3.2.1 Institutional Reforms -- 3.2.2 Restructuring of the Core Utilities -- Generation Utilities -- Distribution Utilities -- Transmission Utilities -- 3.2.3 Independent Regulatory Body -- 4 Existing Controversies -- 4.1 Quick Rental (QR) Power Plants and Increase in Liquid Fuel Consumption -- 4.2 Low Reserve of Natural Gas and Issue with LNG -- 4.3 Slow Progress in Renewable Energy Development -- 4.4 Overcapacity in Generation and Issue of Capacity Charge -- 4.5 Subsidy Issues -- 4.6 Demand Forecasting Methods -- 5 Conclusion and Priority Actions -- References.

100% Electrification but What Comes Next for Bangladesh? Lessons from Insiders -- Abstract -- 1 Introduction: A Project Triggered by Chance -- 2 IDCOL's Journey of Success -- 3 IDCOL's Journey into the Future -- 4 The Private Sector Perspective -- 5 What Africa can Learn from Bangladesh -- 6 What Comes Next for Bangladesh? -- References -- Policy Options While Increasing Share of Renewable Energy: Technology Choices for Peaking Power in the Context of Bangladesh -- Abstract -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Methodology -- 3 Current Scenario of the Peaking Power Plants in Bangladesh -- 4 Possible Technology Options in Bangladesh as Alternative to Conventional Peaking Power Plants -- 4.1 Case 1: Battery Storage -- 4.1.1 Lithium-Ion Battery Storage -- 4.1.2 Lead Acid Battery Storage -- 4.2 Case 2: Solar PV with Hydro Reservoir -- 4.3 Case 3: Solar PV-HFO Hybrid Plant to Address the Peak Load -- 5 Policy Options for Bangladesh and Conclusions -- References -- Low-Carbon Energy Transformation in China, India, Pakistan, and Afghanistan: An Overview -- Abstract -- 1 Introduction -- 2 China -- 2.1 Introduction -- 2.2 Production and Supply -- 2.3 Consumption and Demand -- 2.4 Renewable Energy Potential -- 2.5 Low-Carbon Energy Targets -- 2.6 Challenges to Low-Carbon Energy Transformation -- 3 India -- 3.1 Introduction -- 3.2 Production and Supply -- 3.3 Consumption and Demand -- 3.4 Renewable Energy Potential -- 3.5 Low-Carbon Energy Targets -- 3.6 Challenges to Low-Carbon Energy Transformation -- 4 Pakistan -- 4.1 Introduction -- 4.2 Production and Supply -- 4.3 Consumption and Demand -- 4.4 Renewable Energy Potential -- 4.5 Low-Carbon Energy Targets -- 4.6 Challenges to Low-Carbon Energy Transformation -- 5 Afghanistan -- 5.1 Introduction -- 5.2 Production and Supply -- 5.3 Consumption and Demand -- 5.4 Renewable Energy Potential -- 5.5 Low-Carbon Energy Targets.

5.6 Challenges to Low-Carbon Energy Transformation -- 6 General Trends and Key Factors in Low-Carbon Energy Transformations -- 6.1 Decreasing Costs of Renewables -- 6.2 Decreasing Dependency on the Import of Fossil Fuels -- 6.3 Remuneration Schemes -- 6.4 The Impact of Fossil Fuel Subsidies -- 6.5 Chinese Influence on Foreign Energy Policies in the Context of the Belt and Road Initiative -- 7 Discussion and Conclusion -- References -- Consequences of Lockdown Due to COVID-19 on the Electricity Generation and Environment in South Asia -- Abstract -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Current Scenario of Power Sector of Bangladesh, India, and Sri Lanka -- 3 Comparison of Electricity Generation during Pre-pandemic and Pandemic Regime -- 4 COVID-19 Impacts on the Environment: GHG Emission -- 4.1 A. Calculation of GHG emission in Bangladesh -- 4.2 B. Calculation of GHG emission in India -- 5 Conclusion -- References -- Integrating Wind and Solar in the Indian Power System -- Abstract -- 1 Introduction -- 1.1 Indian Policy Context -- 1.2 Flexibility in the Indian power system -- 1.3 Power System Modelling studies in India -- 2 Modelling approach -- 2.1 PyPSA-India Model Description -- 2.2 Technical Constraints -- 2.3 Scenario Description -- 2.4 Production capacities -- 2.4.1 Transmission system -- 2.4.2 Power system flexibility -- 2.4.3 Nomenclature of Scenarios -- 3 Aggregate Scenario Results -- 3.1 Results Summary -- 3.2 Curtailment -- 3.3 Plant Load Factor -- 3.4 System Costs -- 3.5 Operation of the Coal Fleet -- 3.5.1 Unit-Wise PLF by Scenario -- 3.5.2 Unit-Wise Coal PLF and Unit Starts Versus Marginal Cost -- 3.5.3 Two-Shift Operation of the Coal Fleet -- 3.6 Insights in the Operation of Gas and Hydro -- 3.7 Role of Battery Storage -- 4 Conclusion -- References.

Decentralized Electrification Pathways in Sub-Saharan Africa-Assessment of Experiences and Business Models -- Abstract -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Aims &amp -- Objectives -- 3 Methods -- 4 Electrification Barriers -- 5 Drivers -- 6 Technological Pathways -- 7 Conclusions -- References -- Identifying Effective Electrification Approaches and Combinations Thereof to Meet Universal Electricity Access Targets in Eastern Africa -- Abstract -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Literature Review -- 3 Methods -- 4 Results -- 4.1 Firms in the Electrification Industry -- 4.1.1 Rural Electrification Agency -- 4.1.2 National Electricity Utility -- 4.1.3 Private Electricity Generation and Distribution Companies -- 4.1.4 Off-grid Solar Companies -- 4.2 What Shapes Firms in the Electrification Industry-The Industry Regime -- 4.2.1 Core Capabilities -- On-Grid -- Mini Grids -- Off-grid Solar -- 4.2.2 Industry Mindset -- 4.2.3 Values, Identity and Mission -- 4.2.4 Regulations, Laws, and Standards -- Electricity Licensing Laws or Regulations -- Rural Electrification Fund -- Net Metering -- Distribution Grid Code -- Electricity Supply Reliability and Quality -- Mini Grid Regulations -- Off-grid Solar Quality Standards -- 4.3 What Influences Firms in the Electrification Industry-External Environments -- 4.3.1 Socio-Political Environment -- National Electrification Plans and Strategies -- Financing Plans for Electrification -- Influence of Development Agencies -- The Role of Civil Society -- Public-Private Partnership Models for Electrification -- Electricity Concessions -- Sufficient Electricity Access and Energy Mobility -- 4.3.2 Economic Environment-What selection pressures, exerted by markets, are faced by different firms? -- Rural Electrification Agency -- National Electricity Utility -- Small Private Electricity Generation and Distribution Companies -- Off-grid Solar Companies.

5 Discussion -- 5.1 Representing the Electrification Industry using the TEF-A Summary of the Findings -- 5.2 Postulating the Reorientation and Recreation Required to Make Progress Towards the Universal Electricity Access Goal -- 6 Concluding Remarks -- References -- Are Mini-Grid Projects in Tanzania Financially Sustainable? -- Abstract -- 1 Introduction -- 2 History of Mini-Grid Projects in Tanzania -- 2.1 Regulatory Framework -- 2.2 Financing Mini-Grid Systems in Tanzania -- 2.3 Tariff Regulatory Policy in Tanzania -- 3 Methods and Data -- 3.1 Description of Project Site - Mafinga Town -- 3.2 Solar Resource -- 3.3 Levelized Cost of Energy -- 3.4 Modelling the Energy Flow and the LCOE -- 3.4.1 The PV+Battery system model -- 3.4.2 Battery Storage System -- 3.4.3 Generator model -- 3.4.4 Modelling the LCOE -- 3.4.5 The Annualized Cost -- 3.5 Data and Load Estimation -- 3.6 Electricity Demand Estimation -- 4 Results -- 4.1 The Profitability of the Proposed Mini-Grid System -- 4.2 Sensitivity Analysis -- 5 Conclusion and Policy Implication -- Appendix A: Base Case Cost Summary -- Appendix B: Future Case Cost Summary -- References -- Establishing Local Power Markets and Enabling Financial Access to Solar Photovoltaic Technologies: Experiences in Rural Tanzania -- Abstract -- 1 Introduction -- 1.1 Access to Energy in Rural Tanzania -- 1.2 Energy Inclusion and Financial Inclusion Barriers -- 1.3 Tanzanian Microfinance and VICOBAs -- 1.4 Financing SPTs in Rural Tanzania -- 2 Intervention Methodology and Implementation -- 2.1 Project Stakeholders -- 2.2 Theory of Change -- 2.3 Data Collection Methodology -- 2.4 Activities Implemented and Financial Scheme Established -- 3 Results -- 3.1 SPTs Awareness -- 3.2 Community Members' Financial Education and Engagement -- 3.3 SPTs Financing and Supply Chain -- 3.4 After Sale Services.

3.5 Threats: Environmental Factors and Covid-19.