Neuroscience Fundamentals for Communication Sciences and Disorders.

Neuroscience Fundamentals for Communication Sciences and Disorders.

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Neuroscience Fundamentals for Communication Sciences and Disorders, Second Edition is a comprehensive textbook primarily designed for undergraduate neural bases or graduate neuroscience courses in communication sciences and disorders programs (CSD). The text can also be used as an accessible go-to r...

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Bibliographic Details
:
Andreatta, Richard D.
Place / Publishing House:San Diego : : Plural Publishing, Incorporated,, 2022.
Ã2024.
Year of Publication:2022
Edition:2nd ed.
Language:English
Online Access:
Physical Description:1 online resource (833 pages)
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Table of Contents:
  • Cover
  • Preface
  • About the Illustrator: Maury Aaseng
  • Contributors
  • Reviewers
  • Acknowledgments
  • Section 1. Neuroanatomical and Neurophysiological Foundations
  • Chapter 1. Introduction and Organization of Neuroscience Fundamentals in Communication Sciences and Disorders
  • What Is Neuroscience?
  • What Is This Book About?
  • The View From 30,000 Feet Up
  • Overview of Section 1: Neuroanatomical and Neurophysiological Foundations
  • Overview of Section 2: Sensory Systems
  • Overview of Section 3: Motor Systems
  • Overview of Section 4: Neural Substrates of
  • Speech, Language, and Hearing Study Strategies and Tips
  • Closing Thoughts
  • Chapter 2. Basic Structure and Function of Neurons
  • Introduction and Learning Objectives
  • Discovery of Two Classes of Cells in the Nervous System
  • The Neuron
  • Neurons Are Made for Signaling and Communication
  • Neurons Never Function Alone
  • Neurons Perform Fundamental Activities
  • Reflexes Provide a Window Into the Fundamental Operation of Neural Networks
  • Nerve Cells Have Different Shapes, Sizes, and Functions
  • Structural Features of the Neuron
  • Soma, Cell Membrane, and Cytoskeleton
  • Cytoplasm
  • Mitochondria
  • Smooth and Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum
  • Golgi Apparatus
  • The Nucleus Mediates the Process of Gene Expression
  • Axons and Dendrites
  • The Glial Cell
  • Glial Cells Are Divided Into Two Major Functional Groups
  • Conclusion
  • The Top Ten List
  • Chapter 2 Abbreviations
  • Study Questions and Activities
  • References
  • Chapter 3. Basics of Neural Signaling and Synaptic Function
  • Introduction and Learning Objectives
  • Foundations of Neural Signaling: The Nature of Information in the Nervous System
  • Electronics 101
  • Gradients: Putting Substances Into Motion
  • Developing an Electrical Gradient
  • Voltage, Current, and Resistance.
  • The Fluid Environment of the Neuron: Intracellular and Extracellular Composition
  • Ion Channels: Tunnels Across the Neuron's Cell Membrane
  • Ion Channels Can Control the Motion of Ions
  • Ion Channels Can Gate Ionic Current in Three Ways
  • Some Ion Channels Are Always Open
  • Ion Pumps Are Active Transporters of Ions Across the Neuron's Cell Membrane
  • Understanding Membrane Potentials
  • Membrane Voltages Are Created by a Separation of Charges
  • Vm Can Be Changed by Ionic Gradients and Currents
  • Development of the Neuron's Resting Membrane Potential
  • The Action Potential
  • Voltage-Gated Ion Channels Are Chiefly Responsible for AP Generation
  • Voltage-Gated Na+ and K+ Channels Differ in Their Opening Speed
  • The Action Potential in "Action"
  • Propagation of the Action Potential Down the Axon
  • Synapses: The Point of Communication Between Neurons
  • Electrical Synapses Allow for Virtually Instantaneous Signal Transmission
  • Chemical Synapses: The Workhorse of the Nervous System
  • Structure of the Chemical Synapse
  • Chemical Synapse Function: Transmission Phase
  • Chemical Synapse Function: Receptive Phase
  • Postsynaptic Receptors Belong to Two Different Functional Classes
  • Ending Chemical Synaptic Transmission: "Cleaning Up After the Party"
  • Neurotransmitters Can Be Divided Into a Handful of Chemical Classes
  • A Few Final Words on Neurotransmission
  • Neural Integration: Closing (and Opening) the Neural Signaling Loop
  • The "Government Analogy" of Neural Integration in the Postsynaptic Cell
  • Concluding Thoughts on Neurobiology
  • The Top Ten List
  • Chapter 3 Abbreviations
  • Study Questions and Activities
  • References
  • Chapter 4. Neuroanatomy of the Human Nervous System: Anatomical Nomenclature, Embryology, the Spinal Cord, and the Brainstem
  • Introduction and Learning Objectives.
  • Getting Around the Nervous System: Anatomical Planes and Orientations
  • Anatomical Orientations
  • Anatomical Planes
  • Gray Versus White Matter in the Nervous System
  • Gray Matter in the CNS and PNS
  • White Matter Consists of Bundles of Axons
  • A Brief Tour of the Embryologic Development of the Nervous System
  • The Human Embryo Is a Multilayered Collection of Cells
  • Neural Crest and Neural Tube Cells Differentiate Into the PNS and CNS
  • Major Anatomical Structures and Functions of the Human Central Nervous System
  • The Skull and Vertebral Column House and
  • Protect the Tissues of the CNS The Spinal Cord
  • External Spinal Cord Structures
  • Internal Spinal Cord Structures: Gray Matter
  • Internal Spinal Cord Structure: White Matter
  • The Brainstem: An Overview
  • The Medulla
  • Medulla: External Features
  • Medulla: Internal Features
  • The Pons
  • Pons: External Features
  • Pons: Internal Features
  • The Mesencephalon
  • Mesencephalon: External Features
  • Mesencephalon: Internal Features
  • The Top Ten List
  • Chapter 4 Abbreviations
  • Study Questions and Activities
  • References
  • Chapter 5. Neuroanatomy of the Human Nervous System: Cranial Nerve Systems
  • Introduction and Learning Objectives
  • Organization of the Cranial Nerves and Nuclei in the Brainstem
  • Functional Classifications of the Cranial Nerves
  • Motor: General Somatic Efferent (GSE)
  • Motor: Special Visceral Efferent (SVE)
  • Motor: General Visceral Efferent (GVE)
  • Sensory: General Somatic Afferent (GSA)
  • Sensory: General Visceral Afferent (GVA)
  • Sensory: Special Somatic Afferent (SSA)
  • Sensory: Special Visceral Afferent (SVA)
  • Cranial Nerves: Normal and Disordered Functions
  • CN I: Olfactory (SVA)
  • CN II: Optic (SSA)
  • CN III: Oculomotor (GSE and GVE)
  • CN IV: Trochlear (GSE)
  • CN V: Trigeminal (GSA and SVE)
  • CN VI: Abducens (GSE).
  • CN VII: Facial (SVE, GVE, SVA, GSA)
  • CN VIII: Auditory-Vestibular (SSA)
  • CN IX: Glossopharyngeal (SVE, GVE, GVA, SVA, GSA)
  • CN X: Vagus (SVE, GVE, GVA, SVA, GSA)
  • CN XI: Spinal Accessory (SVE)
  • CN XII: Hypoglossal (GSE)
  • The Top Ten List
  • Chapter 5 Abbreviations
  • Study Questions and Activities
  • References
  • CHAPTER 6. Neuroanatomy of the Human Nervous System: The Diencephalon, Cerebrum, and the Cerebral Cortex
  • Introduction and Learning Objectives
  • The Diencephalon
  • The Thalamus: "Gatekeeper" of Ascending Information to the Cerebral Cortex
  • The Thalamus Is a Collection of Nuclei With Unique Inputs and Outputs
  • The Hypothalamus: "CEO" of the Body's Homeostatic Regulatory Systems
  • The Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Adrenal Axis (HPA) Operates as a Feedback Control System
  • Hypothalamus Consists of Numerous Nuclei With Unique Operations
  • Hypothalamic Nuclei Participate in a Wide Range of Homeostatic Functions
  • The Cerebrum: The Center of Our Lives and Who We Are
  • The Lobes of the Cerebrum
  • The Frontal Lobe: The Cognitive and Motor Control Center of the Cerebrum
  • Frontal Lobe: Anatomical Features
  • Frontal Lobe: Functional Features
  • The Parietal Lobe: Multimodal Sensory Center of the Cerebrum
  • Parietal Lobe: Anatomical Features
  • Parietal Lobe: Functional Features
  • The Temporal Lobe: The "Can You Hear Me Now" and "What Am I" Cerebral Region
  • Temporal Lobe: Anatomical Features
  • Temporal Lobe: Functional Features
  • The Occipital Lobe: The Visual Center of the Cerebrum
  • Occipital Lobe: Anatomical Features
  • Occipital Lobe: Functional Features
  • The Insula: Is It a Lobe or Not?
  • The Cerebral Cortex
  • Anatomical Features of the Cerebral Cortex
  • Organization of the Cerebral Cortex: Brodmann's Areas and Cortical Columns
  • The Cortex Is Arranged to Support Serial and Parallel Processing of Information.
  • The Cortex Is Organized to Support Cognition
  • Parietal Association Areas Mediate Visual Guidance, Spatial Awareness, and Attention
  • Temporal Association Areas Recognize Complex Objects
  • Phineas Gage and the Iron Spike: An Accidental Study of the Frontal Association Area
  • The Limbic System (Limbic Association Area): Emotional Center of the Brain
  • Hippocampal Formation Is Involved in Spatial Learning and Long-Term Memory
  • Hippocampal Formation Anatomy: Hippocampus, Dentate Gyrus, and Subiculum
  • Amygdala Mediates Threat, Anxiety, and Aggressive Behaviors
  • Anterior Cingulate Gyrus: At the Crossroads of Emotion and Cognition
  • Septal Area: Key Component of CNS's Reward System
  • Interhemispheric Connectivity and Cerebral Dominance
  • The Top Ten List
  • Chapter 6 Abbreviations
  • Study Questions and Activities
  • References
  • Chapter 7. Neuroanatomy of the Human Nervous System: White Matter Tracts, Protective Infrastructure, and the Brain's Blood Supply
  • Introduction and Learning Objectives
  • Connectivity and White Matter Pathways of the CNS
  • Association Fibers Interconnect Areas Within a Hemisphere
  • Commissural Fibers Link Brain Regions Across the Midline
  • Projection Fibers Shuttle Information to and From the Brain
  • Protecting the CNS From Harm: The Meninges and the Ventricular System
  • The Meninges
  • The Ventricular System
  • The Vascular System of the Brain
  • Neurovascular Complex Is Divided Into Arterial and Venous Systems
  • Anterior Arterial System
  • Posterior Arterial System
  • Venous System Sinuses Drain Deoxygenated Blood Back to the Heart
  • Vascular Pathology Can Arise From Three General Situations
  • Aneurysms and Hemorrhagic Stroke
  • Ischemic Events
  • Arteriovenous Malformations
  • The Top Ten List
  • Chapter 7 Abbreviations
  • Study Questions and Activities
  • References
  • Section 2. Sensory Systems.
  • Chapter 8. Basic Principles of Sensation and Perception.

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