Ye Shall Know Them by Their Fruits : : A Mixed Methods Study on Corruption, Competitiveness, and Christianity in Europe and the Americas.

• Superior document: Contributions to Economics Series
• Author: García Portilla, Jason.
• Place / Publishing House: Cham : : Springer International Publishing AG,, 2021.; {copy}2022.
• Year of Publication: 2021
• Edition: 1st ed.
• Language: English
• Series: Contributions to Economics Series
• Physical Description: 1 online resource (416 pages)

Table of Contents

"Ye Shall Know Them by Their Fruits" -- Foreword -- Preface -- Acknowledgements -- About This Book -- Contents -- About the Author -- List of Abbreviations -- List of Figures -- List of Tables -- Part I: Introductory Considerations and Research Setting -- Chapter 1: Introduction -- 1.1 A Historical Challenge Inspiring this Study -- 1.2 Intended Outcome and Contributions -- 1.2.1 Theoretical Gaps: What Makes this Research Different? -- 1.2.2 Methodological Gaps -- 1.2.3 Limitations -- References -- Chapter 2: Research Setting -- 2.1 Research Aim and Focus -- 2.2 Research Question -- 2.3 Hypotheses -- 2.4 Research Model -- References -- Part II: Conceptual Framework -- Chapter 3: The Outcome (Criterion Variables) -- 3.1 Definitions of Corruption (A) -- 3.1.1 The Corruption Perceptions Index (CPI) as an Outcome (or Criterion Variable) -- 3.2 The Global Competitiveness Index (GCI) as a Prosperity Proxy (Outcome or Criterion Variable) (A)́ -- 3.3 Competitiveness and Transparency as Prosperity Proxies -- 3.3.1 Economic Indicators and Corruption -- References -- Chapter 4: Diagnosing Corruption and Prosperity in Europe and the Americas (A) -- 4.1 Corruption in Europe and the Americas (CPI) -- 4.2 Social Progress in Europe and the Americas (SPI) -- 4.3 Competitiveness in Europe and the Americas (GCI) -- References -- Chapter 5: Conditions (Predictor Variables): Theories Explaining Prosperity Differences (B), (C), (D), (E) -- 5.1 Culture (C) -- 5.1.1 Cultural Determinism of Prosperity -- 5.2 Institutions and Economic Growth (D) -- 5.2.1 Colonialism as an Overarching Explanation and as the Overlapping of Cultural Proxies -- 5.3 Religion (Cultural and Institutional Influences) (B) -- 5.3.1 The Institutional Influence of Religion Has Been More Decisive to Prosperity than the Cultural Effect of Religious Affil.

5.3.2 Definitions of Protestantism and Roman Catholicism -- 5.3.2.1 Definition of Protestantism -- 5.3.2.2 Definition of Roman Catholicism -- 5.4 Dependency and World Systems Theories -- 5.4.1 World Systems Theory -- 5.5 Factor Endowments Theory (Institutions and Geography) -- 5.6 Environment and Geography (E): The Environmental Performance Index (EPI) -- 5.7 Summary of Theories Explaining Differences in Prosperity and Insights from New Economic History -- 5.7.1 Insights from New Economic History -- References -- Part III: Theoretical Foundations -- Chapter 6: Corruption and Religion (A), (B), (1) -- 6.1 Religious Affiliation and Corruption -- 6.1.1 Possible Explanations of the Robust Associations between Corruption and Religion -- References -- Chapter 7: Prosperity and Religion (A), (B), (1) -- 7.1 Religion as a Predictor (Independent) Variable that Affects Prosperity -- 7.1.1 The Weberian ``Cultural ́́Argument on Christianity and Prosperity (1) -- 7.1.2 Some Empirical Studies Refuting Weberś Thesis -- 7.1.3 Most Empirical Studies Confirm Weberś Thesis (Although for Different Reasons) -- 7.2 Religion as a Criterion (Dependent) Variable that Is Affected by Prosperity -- 7.2.1 Influence of Prosperity on Religion: The Theory of Existential Security -- 7.3 Summarising the Core Messages of Chapter 7. Prosperity and Religion -- References -- Chapter 8: Institutions, Corruption/Prosperity, and Religion (A), (B), (D), (1), (3), (6) -- 8.1 Institutions as Triggers of Corruption/Prosperity (3) -- 8.1.1 Institutions, Hierarchy, and Democracy Vis-à-Vis Prosperity/Transparency -- 8.2 Religion and Institutions (6) -- 8.2.1 The Roman Catholic Influence on Institutions, Democracy, and Prosperity -- 8.2.1.1 Roman Catholic Political Philosophy -- 8.2.1.2 Change of Discourse Towards Democracy after Vatican II.

8.2.2 Protestant Influence on Institutions and Democracy -- 8.2.2.1 Protestantism and Democracy -- 8.2.3 Traditional Institutional Influence of Religion in Latin America -- 8.2.4 Summarising the Core Messages of Section 8.2. Religion and Institutions -- 8.3 Law, Religion, Revolutions, and State Models (B), (D), (6) -- 8.3.1 Legal Traditions in Europe and the Americas -- 8.3.2 Legal Traditions and Current Institutional Performance (3) -- 8.3.3 The Roman Civil Law Tradition -- 8.3.3.1 Roman Civil Law -- 8.3.3.2 Roman Catholic Jurisprudence (Canon Law) (6) -- 8.3.4 Protestantism, Revolutions, and Law (6′) -- 8.3.4.1 The Sixteenth-Century German-European Revolution -- 8.3.4.1.1 Lutheran Influence on Scandinavian Countries -- 8.3.4.2 The Seventeenth-Century English-European Revolution -- 8.3.4.3 The Eighteenth-Century United States Revolution -- 8.3.4.4 The Influence of Protestant Revolutions on Secularism -- 8.3.4.5 The Eighteenth and Nineteenth-Century French-European Revolution -- 8.3.4.6 Maintaining the Roman Catholic Status Quo after Independence -- 8.3.4.6.1 The Adoption of French Civil Law in Latin American Countries -- 8.3.4.6.2 Concordats with the Roman Catholic Church-State -- 8.3.4.7 The Twentieth-Century Russian Revolution -- 8.3.5 Religion, Law, and State Models -- 8.3.6 Summarising the Core Messages of Section 8.3. Law, Religion, Revolutions, and State Models -- References -- Chapter 9: Education, Religion, and Corruption/Prosperity (A), (B), (C), (1), (2) -- 9.1 The Influence of Religion on Education and Human Capital (Prosperity Pillar Mechanism) (A), (B), (C), (D), (1), (2), (3), ... -- 9.1.1 Roman Catholic Education -- 9.1.1.1 Jesuitical Education -- 9.1.2 Protestant Education -- 9.1.2.1 Summarising the Core Messages of Sect. 9.1.2. Protestant Education -- References.

Chapter 10: Culture, Religion, and Corruption/Prosperity (A), (B), (C), (1), (2) -- 10.1 Culture and Corruption (2) -- 10.2 Culture and Institutions/Prosperity (2), (3), (5) -- 10.3 Culture and Religion (B), (C) -- 10.3.1 The Cultural Influence of Religion in Latin America -- 10.3.1.1 Corruption in Latin America -- 10.3.1.2 The Divorce Between Law, Social Norms, and Morals in Latin America -- 10.4 Roman Catholic and Protestant Theologies, and Corruption/Prosperity (1), (3), (6) -- 10.4.1 Roman Catholic Theology and Political Culture -- 10.4.1.1 Roman Catholic Theology -- 10.4.1.1.1 Roman Catholic Theology in Practice -- 10.4.1.2 Roman Catholic Political Culture -- 10.4.1.3 Ecumenism: All Roads Lead to Rome -- 10.4.1.4 Liberation Theology: A Top-Down Movement -- 10.4.1.4.1 Marxism and Hegelian Dialectics in Liberation Theology -- 10.4.1.4.2 Liberation Theology and Protestantism -- 10.4.2 Protestant Theology -- 10.4.2.1 Theological Reasons for Traditional Protestant Anti-Clericalism -- 10.4.2.2 Current Protestant Views on the Papacy -- 10.4.3 Pentecostalism -- 10.4.3.1 The Influence of Pentecostalism in Latin America -- 10.4.3.2 The Prosperity Gospel (PG) as a Mainly Pentecostal Contemporary Phenomenon -- 10.4.3.2.1 PG Origins: Syncretism with African Rituals and New Thought Movement -- 10.4.3.2.2 General Criticisms of PG -- 10.4.3.2.3 Theological Criticisms of PG -- 10.4.3.2.4 Is PG a Poor peopleś Movement? Empirical Results from Studies -- 10.4.3.2.5 Summarising the Core Messages of Sect. 10.4.3.2 The Prosperity Gospel (PG) -- 10.5 Syncretism -- 10.5.1 Syncretism and Christianity -- 10.5.1.1 Syncretism and Christianity in Latin America -- 10.5.1.1.1 Colombia -- 10.5.1.1.2 Cuba -- 10.5.1.1.3 Uruguay -- 10.5.2 Summarising the Core Messages of Sect. 10.5 Syncretism -- References -- Chapter 11: Language and Religion.

11.1 The Role of the Bible in Shaping Language and Societies -- 11.1.1 German -- 11.1.2 English -- 11.1.3 Other Native Languages -- 11.1.4 Latin, Roman Empire, and Roman Catholicism -- References -- Chapter 12: Environment/Geography and Prosperity/Transparency (E), (4), (7) -- 12.1 Prosperity and Environment/Geography (4), (7) -- 12.2 Corruption and Environment/Geography (4), (7) -- References -- Part IV: Research Paradigms, Methodology, and Research Design -- Chapter 13: Applied Research Paradigms -- 13.1 Research Paradigms -- 13.1.1 Research Paradigm 1 (Dialectical Pluralism) -- 13.1.2 Research Paradigm 2 (Complex Thinking) -- 13.2 Paradigm Biases -- 13.2.1 Scientific -- 13.2.1.1 Biases -- 13.2.2 Personal -- 13.2.2.1 Personal Experiences from Each Belief System -- 13.2.2.2 Strategies for Objective Data Treatment -- References -- Chapter 14: Methodology -- References -- Part V: Empirical Results (Macro and Meso Components) -- Chapter 15: Component 1 (Macro): Quantitative (Regression) Analysis -- 15.1 Modelling Competitiveness and Corruption -- 15.1.1 Modelling Competitiveness (GCI) (Stages 1 and 2) -- 15.1.2 Modelling Corruption (CPI Stage 3) -- 15.2 Methods of Regression Analysis -- 15.2.1 Methodological Limitations -- 15.2.1.1 Latest Available Data Measured at Different Time Periods -- 15.2.1.2 Regression Analysis Is Not a Causal Approach -- 15.2.1.3 This Regression Analysis Excludes a Time Series Approach -- 15.2.2 Data and Empirical Strategy -- 15.2.3 Protocol -- 15.3 Empirical Results of Regression Analysis -- 15.3.1 Competitiveness -- 15.3.1.1 Stage 1: Competitiveness in the World -- 15.3.1.1.1 Model 1 -- Positive Correlations -- Negative Correlations -- 15.3.1.1.2 Model 2 with Population Percentage -- 15.3.1.1.3 Model 3 (Including State Religion) -- 15.3.1.2 Stage 2: Modelling Competitiveness (Europe and the Americas).

15.3.1.2.1 Model 4: Results of Cross-Validation.