Clinical Neuroscience for Communication Disorders : : Neuroanatomy and Neurophysiology.

• Author: Hoepner, Jerry K.
• TeilnehmendeR: Blake, Margaret Lehman.
• Place / Publishing House: San Diego : : Plural Publishing, Incorporated,, 2021.; Ã2023.
• Year of Publication: 2021
• Edition: 1st ed.
• Language: English
• Physical Description: 1 online resource (361 pages)

Clinical Neuroscience for Communication Disorders: Neuroanatomy and Neurophysiology offers a comprehensive and easy-to-understand introduction to neuroscience for undergraduates and beginning graduate students in the field of communication disorders. Packed with features to aid student understanding...

Table of Contents

• Intro
• Preface: How to Use This Textbook
• Acknowledgments
• Reviewers
• Chapter 1. Overview of the Nervous System
• Overview
• Major Components
• Organization of the Nervous System
• Organizational Systems
• Cytoarchitecture Organization
• Organization by Function
• Terminology
• Nervous System Cells
• Neurons
• Glial Cells
• Structures and Landmarks
• Lobes
• Frontal Lobes
• Parietal Lobes
• Temporal Lobes
• Occipital Lobes
• Subcortical Structures
• Basal Ganglia
• Thalamus
• Cerebellum
• Brainstem
• Summary
• References
• Chapter 2. Ventricular System: Cranium, Ventricles, and Meninges
• Overview
• Cranium, Cranial Vault, and Its Contents
• Meningeal Layers
• Dura Mater
• Arachnoid Layer and Pia Mater
• Ventricles
• Cerebrospinal Fluid Path and Functions
• Communication Through the Ventricular System
• Disruptions to the Ventricular and Meningeal Systems
• Hydrocephalus
• Meningeal Damage
• Summary
• Additional Resources
• Chapter 3. Neuron Anatomy and Physiology
• Overview
• Classification of Neurons
• Neuronal Communication
• Big Picture Overview
• Membrane Potentials
• Synaptic Transmission
• Action Potentials
• Myelinated Versus Unmyelinated Axons
• Synaptic Transmission
• Types of Neurotransmitters
• Neurotransmitter Recovery and Degradation
• Creating Meaning from Binary Signals
• Patterns of Signals
• Source of Signals
• Region or Location
• Conditions That Alter Synaptic Transmission
• Neurologic Disorders and Diseases That Affect Synaptic Transmission
• Parkinson Disease
• Multiple Sclerosis
• Myasthenia Gravis
• Pharmacological Effects on Synaptic Transmission
• Blocking Effects
• Prolonging Effects
• Mimicking Effect
• Summary
• Reference and Additional Resources
• Chapter 4. Neuroembryology
• Overview
• The Neural Tube
• Developmental (Embryologic) Precursors.
• Sulcus Limitans
• Lamina Terminalis (Precursor to the Corpus Callosum)
• Vesicles of the Neural Tube (CNS Precursors)
• Landmark Timelines
• Telencephalon and C-Shaped Development
• Disruptions to Development and Consequences
• Summary
• References and Additional Resources
• Chapter 5. Diencephalon
• Overview
• Diencephalic Structures
• Thalamus
• Thalamic Nuclei
• Epithalamus
• Subthalamus
• Hypothalamus
• Pituitary Gland
• Damage to the Diencephalon
• Summary
• Chapter 6. Somatosensory Systems
• Overview
• Somatosensory System Structures
• Sensory Receptors
• Mechanoreceptors
• Nociceptors
• Proprioceptive Sensory Receptors
• Thalamic Nuclei
• Primary Somatosensory Cortex
• Cortical Association Areas
• Sensory Pathways
• Dorsal Column-Medial Lemniscal Pathway
• Spinothalamic Tracts
• Spinocerebellar Tracts
• Sensory Innervation
• Damage to Somatosensory System Components
• Spinal Cord Damage
• Thalamic Damage
• Cortical Damage
• Summary
• Chapter 7. Visual System
• Overview
• The Eye
• Anterior Structures
• Posterior Structures: The Retina
• Visual Fields
• Visual Pathway
• Visual Cortex
• Dorsal Pathway
• Ventral Pathway
• Damage to the Visual System
• Visual Field Cuts
• Cortical Damage
• Summary
• Chapter 8. Auditory and Vestibular Systems
• Overview
• Auditory System
• The Cochlea
• Converting Sound Waves Into Neural Signals
• Auditory Pathway
• Frequency and Intensity Coding in the Auditory System
• Localization of Sound
• Auditory Processing in the Cortex
• Hearing Impairment and Damage to the Auditory System
• Conductive Hearing Loss
• Sensorineural Hearing Loss
• Vestibular System
• Vestibular Pathways
• Summary
• Reference
• Chapter 9. Chemical Senses: Smell and Taste
• Olfaction
• Olfaction: The Sense of Smell
• Olfactory Pathway
• Impairments of Olfaction.
• Gustation: The Sense of Taste
• Gustatory Pathway
• Factors Influencing Taste Perception
• Impairments of Gustation
• Summary
• Reference
• Chapter 10. Motor Systems
• Overview
• Motor System Structures
• Primary Motor Strip
• Premotor and Supplementary Motor Areas
• Basal Ganglia
• Cerebellum
• Motor Pathways
• Pyramidal Tracts
• Cranial and Spinal Nerves
• Corticospinal Tracts
• Corticobulbar Tract
• Extrapyramidal Tracts
• Rubrospinal Tract
• Tectospinal Tract
• Vestibulospinal Tract
• Reticulospinal Tract
• Motor Units and Muscle Innervation
• Clinical Implications
• Motor Cortex
• Motor Pathways
• Neuromuscular Junction
• Basal Ganglia
• Cerebellum
• Summary
• Chapter 11. Cranial Nerves
• Overview
• General Functions
• Cranial Nerve Pathways
• Motor Pathways: Corticobulbar Tract
• Sensory Pathways
• Cranial Nerves III, IV, and VI: Oculomotor, Trochlear, and Abducens
• Muscles of the Eye
• Oculomotor Nerve
• Trochlear Nerve
• Abducens Nerve
• Cranial Nerve V: Trigeminal Nerve
• Cranial Nerve VII: Facial Nerve
• Cranial Nerve IX: Glossopharyngeal
• Cranial Nerve X: Vagus Nerve
• Pharyngeal Branch of the Vagus
• Superior Laryngeal Nerve of the Vagus
• Recurrent Laryngeal Nerve of the Vagus
• Pharyngeal Plexus
• Cranial Nerve XI: Spinal Accessory Nerve
• Cranial Nerve XII: Hypoglossal Nerve
• Integration of Cranial Nerve Functions
• Speech Production
• Swallowing
• Clinical Implications: Examinations of Speech and Swallowing Mechanisms
• Cranial Nerve/Oral Mechanism Examination
• Smell and Taste
• Vision
• Extraocular Movements (CNs III, IV, and VI)
• Jaw Movements and Mastication (CN V)
• Facial Sensation (CN V)
• Muscles of Facial Expression and Oral Preparation (CN VII)
• Hearing (CN VIII)
• Velar Functions - Motor and Sensory (CNs V, IX, and X).
• Laryngeal Functions - Motor and Sensory (CN X)
• Spinal Accessory (CN XI)
• Lingual Motor Functions (CN XII with a Little Help from CN X)
• Lingual Sensation (CNs V and IX)
• Oral and Laryngeal Diadochokinetic Rate
• Evidence for the Oral Mechanism Examination
• Clinical Bedside Swallow Examination and Instrumental Assessment
• Summary
• Additional Resources
• Chapter 12. Limbic System and Reticular Formation
• Limbic System Structures and Functions
• Homeostasis
• Olfaction
• Memory
• Emotions
• Integrating Limbic Information
• Reticular Formation and Reticular Activating System
• Summary
• References and Additional Resources
• Chapter 13. Cerebrovascular System
• Overview
• Blood Supply and Functional Organization
• Circle of Willis
• Cerebral Blood Supply Distributions
• Blood Supply to the Thalamus and Basal Ganglia
• Blood Supply to the Cerebellum
• Brainstem and Spinal Cord Distributions
• Midbrain
• Pons
• Medulla
• Spinal Cord
• Blood-Brain Barrier
• Disruptions to Blood Supply
• Summary
• References and Additional Resources
• Chapter 14. Communication and Cognition
• Overview
• Common Developmental Disruptions
• Developmental Language Disorders
• Autism Spectrum Disorder
• Down Syndrome
• Fragile X Syndrome
• Common Neurologic Insults and Diseases
• Traumatic Brain Injury
• Degenerative Diseases and Tumors
• Communication
• Language
• Networks
• Development
• Lesions and Disorders
• Pragmatics and Social Cognition
• Networks
• Development
• Lesions and Disorders
• Cognition
• Executive Functions
• Networks
• Development
• Lesions and Disorders
• Memory
• Networks
• Development
• Lesions and Disorders
• Attention
• Networks
• Development
• Lesions and Disorders
• Summary
• References and Additional Resources
• Chapter 15. Neuroplasticity
• Overview.
• Neural (Cellular) Plasticity
• Behavioral Plasticity
• Intensity and Dosage
• Factors That Contribute to Participation
• Functional Reactivation Versus Functional Reorganization
• Summary
• References and Additional Resources
• Chapter 16. Clinical Cases
• Overview
• Approach to Solving (Thinking Through) Cases
• Section 1: Acquired Cases
• Case 16-1: 48-Year-Old Female With Traumatic Brain Injury
• Case 16-2: 32-Year-Old Male With Postural Headaches and Mixed Upper/Lower Motor Neuron Signs
• Case 16-3: 56-Year-Old Female With Progressive Onset of Dysphagia and Speech Impairments
• Case 16-4: 17-Year-Old Female with Traumatic Brain Injury
• Case 16-5: 63-Year-Old Male With Aphasia and Right Hemiparesis
• Case 16-6: 86-Year-Old Male With Insidious Onset of Cognitive-Communication Changes
• Case 16-7: 45-Year-Old Female With Acute Onset of Confusion and Language Impairment
• Case 16-8: 62-Year-Old Male With Acute Onset of Lethargy and Impaired Attention
• Case 16-9: 52-Year-Old With Acute Onset of "Slurred" Speech and "Drunken" Gait
• Case 16-10: 70-Year-Old Male With Acute Onset of Dysarthria, Vertigo, Nausea, and Double Vision
• Case 16-11: 22-Year-Old Male With Acute Onset of Weakness and Respiratory Distress
• Case 16-12: 62-Year-Old Female With Gradual Onset of Speech and Swallowing Impairments
• Case 16-13: 78-Year-Old Female With Gradual Onset of Speech and Gait Disturbances
• Case 16-14: 52-Year-Old Female With Declining Cognition, Speech, and Swallowing Function
• Case 16-15: 86-Year-Old Female With Memory and Swallowing Difficulties
• Case 16-16: 73-Year-Old Male With Right Facial and Tongue Atrophy
• Section 2: Pediatric and Developmental Cases
• Case 16-17: 5-Year-Old Male With Shunt Malfunction
• Case 16-18: 4-Year-Old Male With Fetal Alcohol Syndrome.
• Case 16-19: 30-Year-Old Female With Agenesis of the Corpus Callosum.