An Introduction to Optical Wireless Mobile Communications.

• Author: Haas, Harald.
• TeilnehmendeR: Islim, Mohamed Sufyan.; Chen, Cheng.
• Place / Publishing House: Norwood : : Artech House,, 2021.; Ã2021.
• Year of Publication: 2021
• Edition: 1st ed.
• Language: English
• Physical Description: 1 online resource (427 pages)

Table of Contents

An Introduction to Optical Wireless Mobile Communications -- Contents -- 1 Introduction -- 1.1 Setting the Scene -- 1.2 Challenges in Optical Wireless Communication Networking -- 1.2.1 Devices and Components -- 1.2.2 Optical Front-End Systems -- 1.2.3 Channel Models -- 1.2.4 Data Transmission Techniques -- 1.2.5 Medium Access Control Protocols -- 1.2.6 Interference Mitigation and Mobility Support -- 1.2.7 Networking and Protocols -- 1.3 Book Overview -- 1.4 Book Structure -- References -- 2 A Brief History of Optical Wireless Communications -- 2.1 Introduction -- 2.2 A Brief History of Optics and Vision -- 2.3 History of Light from Newton to Einstein -- 2.4 History of Optical Wireless Communication Systems -- 2.5 Recent History of LED-Based Optical Wireless Communication -- 2.6 Development of Efficient Blue LED -- 2.7 Modern History of Visible Light Communications -- 2.8 Summary -- References -- 3 Emerging Technology in Optical Wireless Communications -- 3.1 Introduction -- 3.2 Free-Space Optical Communications -- 3.2.1 Fundamentals of FSO Communications -- 3.2.2 FSO Communications with MIMO Techniques -- 3.2.3 FSO Communications with Orbital Angular Momentum (OAM) -- 3.2.4 FSO Communications Based on a Kramers-Kronig (KK) Receiver -- 3.2.5 FSO Communications in UAV-Based Networks -- 3.3 UV Communications -- 3.3.1 UV State-of-the-Art Devices -- 3.3.2 UV Channel Modeling -- 3.3.3 Open Issues and Future Trends -- 3.4 Optical Camera Communications -- 3.4.1 Image Sensors -- 3.4.2 Principle of OCC -- 3.4.3 Applications -- 3.4.4 Challenges and Practical Considerations -- 3.5 Summary -- References -- 4 Applications and Future-Proofing Wireless Communications -- 4.1 Introduction -- 4.2 Artificial Intelligence and the Spectrum Crunch -- 4.2.1 The Role of Wireless Communications in Autonomous Systems -- 4.2.2 Network Traffic Trends -- 4.2.3 5G and Beyond.

4.3 Li-Fi Motivations -- 4.3.1 Higher Bandwidth in Optical Spectrum -- 4.3.2 Extreme Densification to the Next Level -- 4.3.3 Physical Layer Security (PLS) -- 4.3.4 Other Advantages -- 4.4 Applications -- 4.4.1 Defense and Cybersecurity -- 4.4.2 Aerospace and Aeronautical Communications -- 4.4.3 Underwater Communications -- 4.4.4 Data-Driven Cities -- 4.4.5 Vehicular Communications -- 4.5 Li-Fi Misconceptions -- 4.5.1 Will Li-Fi Take over Wi-Fi? -- 4.5.2 Will Signal Blockage Cause Serious Link Disruption? -- 4.5.3 Is There an Approach to Realize a UL Connection? -- 4.5.4 Can This TechnologyWork Outdoors? -- 4.5.5 Can the Lights Be Dimmed While Transmitting? -- 4.5.6 Does Li-Fi Cause Light Flickers? -- 4.6 Summary -- References -- 5 Optical Wireless Communication Channel -- 5.1 Introduction -- 5.2 Channel Effects and Metrics -- 5.2.1 Channel Effects -- 5.2.2 Channel Metrics -- 5.2.3 Channel Decomposition -- 5.3 Front-End Channel -- 5.3.1 Exponential Function Approximation -- 5.3.2 First-Order Butterworth Filter Model -- 5.3.3 White LED Model -- 5.4 Optical Wireless Channel -- 5.4.1 LOS Channel -- 5.4.2 NLOS Channel -- 5.4.3 K-Factor -- 5.5 Deterministic NLOS Channel Simulation Approaches -- 5.5.1 Recursive Algorithm -- 5.5.2 Iterative Algorithm -- 5.5.3 DUSTIN Algorithm -- 5.5.4 Frequency-Domain Algorithm -- 5.5.5 Performance Evaluation -- 5.6 Monte Carlo NLOS Channel Simulation Approaches -- 5.6.1 Photon-Tracing Algorithm -- 5.6.2 Monte Carlo Ray-Shooting and Ray-Gathering Algorithms -- 5.6.3 Markov Chain Monte Carlo Algorithms -- 5.6.4 Performance Evaluation -- 5.7 Analytical NLOS Channel Modeling -- 5.7.1 Sphere-Integrating/Exponential-Decaying Model -- 5.7.2 Ceiling Bounce Model -- 5.7.3 Efficient Analytical Calculation Method -- 5.7.4 Performance Evaluation -- 5.8 Simulation Approach/Modeling Comparison -- 5.9 OWC Channel Characteristics.

5.9.1 Optical Wireless Channel Characteristics -- 5.9.2 Including the Front-End Channel -- 5.10 Summary -- References -- 6 Enabling Technologies -- 6.1 Introduction -- 6.2 Front-End Devices and Systems -- 6.2.1 Transmitters -- 6.2.2 Receivers -- 6.3 Channel Noise -- 6.4 Modulation Techniques -- 6.4.1 Single-Carrier Modulation Techniques -- 6.4.2 OFDM-Based MCM -- 6.4.3 Multistream Unipolar OFDM -- 6.4.4 MCM Based on Other Transformations -- 6.4.5 Color-Based Transmission Techniques -- 6.5 MIMO Technologies -- 6.5.1 MIMO Systems in Li-Fi Networks -- 6.5.2 MIMO Functions -- 6.5.3 MIMO Channel Decorrelation -- 6.6 Summary -- References -- 7 Beyond the Physical Layer -- 7.1 Introduction -- 7.2 Integration of Li-Fi Within Heterogeneous Networks -- 7.3 Multiaccess Control -- 7.3.1 Time Division Multiple Access (TDMA) -- 7.3.2 Optical Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiple Access (O-OFDMA) -- 7.3.3 Optical Code Division Multiple Access (O-CDMA) -- 7.3.4 Optical Space Division Multiple Access (O-SDMA) -- 7.3.5 Carrier-Sense Multiple Access with Collision Avoidance (CSMA/CA) -- 7.3.6 Power-Domain Non-Orthogonal Multiple Access (NOMA) -- 7.4 Resource Allocation in Li-Fi Systems -- 7.5 Interference Management in Li-Fi -- 7.5.1 Interference Cancellation Techniques -- 7.5.2 Interference Avoidance Techniques -- 7.6 Handover and Mobility Support -- 7.6.1 Horizontal Handover (HHO) -- 7.6.2 Vertical Handover -- 7.7 Summary -- References -- 8 Standardization -- 8.1 Introduction -- 8.2 IEEE 802.15 Optical Wireless Communication Standards -- 8.2.1 Standard Development -- 8.2.2 Standard Features -- 8.2.3 Standard Specification -- 8.2.4 Standard Implementations -- 8.3 ITU-T G.9991 Standard -- 8.3.1 Standard Development -- 8.3.2 Standard Features and Specifications -- 8.3.3 Standard Implementations -- 8.4 IEEE 802.11bb Standard -- 8.4.1 Standard Development.

8.4.2 Physical Layer Specifications -- 8.5 Summary -- References -- 9 Commercialization -- 9.1 Introduction -- 9.2 Li-Fi Market Potential and Opportunities -- 9.2.1 Market Overview -- 9.2.2 Key Trends and Drivers -- 9.2.3 Opportunities in 6G -- 9.3 Li-Fi Ecosystem -- 9.3.1 Li-Fi Consumer Product Provider -- 9.3.2 Lighting Infrastructure Provider -- 9.3.3 Chipset and Optical Component Providers -- 9.3.4 Utility and Application Providers -- 9.3.5 Research and Development Organization -- 9.3.6 End-Users -- 9.3.7 Establishing the Li-Fi Ecosystem -- 9.4 Use Cases -- 9.4.1 Indoor High-Speed Networking -- 9.4.2 Cyber Security and Defence -- 9.4.3 Industry, Aerospace, and Automotive -- 9.4.4 Smart Cities -- 9.4.5 Backhaul Solutions -- 9.4.6 Indoor Positioning -- 9.4.7 OCC Deployments -- 9.5 Commercialization Challenges -- 9.5.1 Optical Front Ends in Transmitters and Receivers -- 9.5.2 Integration to Mobile Devices -- 9.5.3 Lighting Considerations -- 9.6 Summary -- References -- 10 Summary and Outlook -- References -- Acronyms and Abbreviations -- About the Authors -- Index.