Physics of Earth's Radiation Belts : : Theory and Observations.

• Superior document: Astronomy and Astrophysics Library
• Author: Koskinen, Hannu E. J.
• TeilnehmendeR: Kilpua, Emilia K. J.
• Place / Publishing House: Cham : : Springer International Publishing AG,, 2021.; ©2022.
• Year of Publication: 2021
• Edition: 1st ed.
• Language: English
• Series: Astronomy and Astrophysics Library
• Physical Description: 1 online resource (286 pages)

Table of Contents

• Intro
• Foreword
• Preface
• On the Style and Content of the Book
• Acknowledgments
• Contents
• About the Authors
• 1 Radiation Belts and Their Environment
• 1.1 The Overall View to the Belts
• 1.2 Earth's Magnetic Environment
• 1.2.1 The Dipole Field
• 1.2.2 Deviations from the Dipole Field due to Magnetospheric Current Systems
• 1.2.3 Geomagnetic Activity Indices
• 1.3 Magnetospheric Particles and Plasmas
• 1.3.1 Outer Magnetosphere
• 1.3.2 Inner Magnetosphere
• 1.3.3 Cosmic Rays
• 1.4 Magnetospheric Dynamics
• 1.4.1 Magnetospheric Convection
• 1.4.2 Geomagnetic Storms
• 1.4.3 Substorms
• 2 Charged Particles in Near-Earth Space
• 2.1 Guiding Center Approximation
• 2.2 Drift Motion
• 2.2.1 EB Drift
• 2.2.2 Gradient and Curvature Drifts
• 2.3 Drifts in the Magnetospheric Electric Field
• 2.4 Adiabatic Invariants
• 2.4.1 The First Adiabatic Invariant
• Magnetic Mirror and Magnetic Bottle
• 2.4.2 The Second Adiabatic Invariant
• 2.4.3 The Third Adiabatic Invariant
• 2.4.4 Betatron and Fermi Acceleration
• 2.5 Charged Particles in the Dipole Field
• 2.6 Drift Shells
• 2.6.1 Bounce and Drift Loss Cones
• 2.6.2 Drift Shell Splitting and Magnetopause Shadowing
• 2.7 Adiabatic Drift Motion in Time-Dependent Nearly-Dipolar Field
• 3 From Charged Particles to Plasma Physics
• 3.1 Basic Plasma Concepts
• 3.1.1 Debye Shielding
• 3.1.2 Plasma Oscillation
• 3.2 Basic Plasma Theories
• 3.2.1 Vlasov and Boltzmann Equations
• 3.2.2 Macroscopic Variables and Equations
• 3.2.3 Equations of Magnetohydrodynamics
• 3.3 From Particle Flux to Phase Space Density
• 3.4 Important Distribution Functions
• 3.4.1 Drifting and Anisotropic Maxwellian Distributions
• 3.4.2 Loss Cone and Butterfly Distributions
• 3.4.3 Kappa Distribution
• 3.5 Action Integrals and Phase Space Density.
• 4 Plasma Waves in the Inner Magnetosphere
• 4.1 Wave Environment of Radiation Belts
• 4.2 Waves in Vlasov Description
• 4.2.1 Landau's Solution of the Vlasov Equation
• 4.2.2 Landau Damping of the Langmuir Wave
• 4.2.3 Physical Interpretation of Landau Damping
• 4.2.4 Solution of the Vlasov Equation in Magnetized Plasma
• Parallel Propagation
• Perpendicular Propagation
• Propagation to Arbitrary Directions
• 4.3 Cold Plasma Waves
• 4.3.1 Dispersion Equation for Cold Plasma Waves in Magnetized Plasma
• 4.3.2 Parallel Propagation (θ= 0)
• Electromagnetic Ion Cyclotron Wave
• Whistler Mode
• 4.3.3 Perpendicular Propagation (θ= π/2)
• 4.3.4 Propagation at Arbitrary Wave Normal Angles
• 4.4 Magnetohydrodynamic Waves
• 4.4.1 Dispersion Equation for Alfvén Waves
• Parallel Propagation
• Perpendicular Propagation
• Propagation at Oblique Angles
• 4.4.2 MHD Pc4-Pc5 ULF Waves
• 4.5 Summary of Wave Modes
• 5 Drivers and Properties of Waves in the Inner Magnetosphere
• 5.1 Growth and Damping of Waves
• 5.1.1 Macroscopic Instabilities
• 5.1.2 Velocity-Space Instabilities
• 5.1.3 Resonant Wave-Particle Interactions
• 5.2 Drivers of Whistler-Mode and EMIC Waves
• 5.2.1 Anisotropy-Driven Whistler Mode Waves
• 5.2.2 Whistler-Mode Chorus
• 5.2.3 Two-Band Structure of the Chorus
• 5.2.4 Formation and Nonlinear Growth of the Chirps
• 5.2.5 Spatial Distribution of Chorus Waves
• 5.2.6 Anisotropy-Driven EMIC Waves
• 5.2.7 Multiple-Ion Species and EMIC Waves
• 5.3 Plasmaspheric Hiss and Magnetosonic Noise
• 5.3.1 Driving of Plasmaspheric Hiss
• 5.3.2 Equatorial Magnetosonic Noise
• 5.4 Drivers of ULF Pc4-Pc5 Waves
• 5.4.1 External and Internal Drivers
• 5.4.2 Spatial Distribution of ULF Waves
• 6 Particle Source and Loss Processes
• 6.1 Particle Scattering and Diffusion
• 6.2 Quasi-Linear Theory of Wave-Particle Interactions.
• 6.2.1 Elements of Fokker-Planck Theory
• 6.2.2 Vlasov Equation in Quasi-Linear Theory
• Diffusion Equation in Electrostatic Approximation
• Diffusion Equation for Magnetized Plasma
• 6.2.3 Diffusion Equation in Different Coordinates
• 6.3 Ring Current and Radiation Belt Ions
• 6.3.1 Sources of Ring Current Ions
• 6.3.2 Loss of Ring Current Ions
• 6.3.3 Sources and Losses of Radiation Belt Ions
• 6.4 Transport and Acceleration of Electrons
• 6.4.1 Radial Diffusion by ULF Waves
• 6.4.2 Electron Acceleration by ULF Waves
• 6.4.3 Diffusion Coefficients in the (α,p)-Space
• 6.4.4 Diffusion due to Large-Amplitude Whistler-Mode and EMIC Waves
• 6.4.5 Acceleration by Whistler-Mode Chorus Waves
• 6.5 Electron Losses
• 6.5.1 Magnetopause Shadowing
• 6.5.2 Losses Caused by Whistler-Mode Waves in Plasmasphere
• 6.5.3 Losses due to Chorus Waves and Electron Microbursts
• 6.5.4 Losses Caused by EMIC Waves
• 6.6 Different Acceleration and Loss Processes Displayed in Phase Space Density
• 6.7 Synergistic Effects of Different Wave Modes
• 6.8 Summary of Wave-Driven Sources and Losses
• 7 Dynamics of the Electron Belts
• 7.1 Radiation Belt Electron Populations
• 7.2 Nominal Electron Belt Structure and Dynamics
• 7.3 Solar Wind Drivers of Radiation Belt Dynamics
• 7.3.1 Properties of Large-Scale Heliospheric Structures and Their Geomagnetic Response
• 7.3.2 Typical Radiation Belt Responses to Large-Scale Heliospheric Transients
• 7.4 The Slot Between the Electron Belts
• 7.4.1 Injections of Source and Seed Electrons into the Slot
• 7.4.2 Impenetrable Barrier
• 7.5 Storage Ring and Multiple Electron Belts
• 7.6 Energetic Electron Precipitation to Atmosphere
• A Electromagnetic Fields and Waves
• A.1 Lorentz Force and Maxwell Equations
• A.2 Electromagnetic Waves in Linear Media
• A.3 Dispersion Equation in Cold Non-magnetized Plasma.
• B Satellites and Data Sources
• References
• Index.