Public Health and Preventive Medicine.

• Author: Müllerová, Dana.
• Place / Publishing House: Prague : : Karolinum Press,, 2021.; {copy}2021.
• Year of Publication: 2021
• Edition: 1st ed.
• Language: English
• Physical Description: 1 online resource (175 pages)

Table of Contents

Cover -- Table of Contents -- 1. PUBLIC HEALTH AND PREVENTIVE MEDICINE -- 1.1 Health -- 1.1.1 Definition -- 1.1.2 Adaptation -- 1.3.3 Dimensions -- 1.3.4 Determinants -- 1.2 Assessment of population health status -- 1.2.1 Data resources for the assessment of population health status -- 1.3 Health preventive programs -- 2. DIET AND POPULATION -- 2.1 Dietary assessment, nutrition monitoring -- 2.1.1 National food supply -- 2.1.2 Food-frequency questionnaire -- 2.1.3 Dietary recall/records analysis -- 2.1.4 Household surveys -- 2.1.5 Chemical analysis of double portion -- 2.2 Factors influencing food consumption -- 2.3 Dietary recommendations -- 2.3.1 General dietary recommendations -- 2.3.2 Food-based dietary guidelines -- 2.3.3 Dietary reference intake -- 2.3.4 Alternative diets -- 2.3.4.1 Vegetarian diet -- 2.3.4.2 Macrobiotic diet -- 2.3.4.3 Alternative ecological bioproducts/organic products -- 3. MAJOR DIETARY CONSTITUENTS -- 3.1 Energy -- 3.1.1 Energy needs -- 3.1.2 Insufficient energy intake: Marasmus (protein-energy malnutrition) -- 3.1.3 Excessive energy intake: Obesity -- 3.2 Proteins -- 3.2.1 Insufficient intake -- 3.2.2 Excessive intake -- 3.3 Lipids -- 3.4 Carbohydrates -- 3.5 Dietary fiber -- 3.5.1 Components of fiber and their physiological parameters -- 3.5.2 Impact of dietary fiber on the gastrointestinal tract -- 3.5.3 Recommended dose of fiber -- 3.5.4 Diseases associated with lack of dietary fiber -- 3.6 Probiotics in diet -- 3.7 Dietary supplements -- 3.8 The most widespread micronutrients deficiencies -- 3.8.1 Vitamin A deficiency -- 3.8.2 Iron deficiency -- 3.8.3 Iodine deficiency -- 4. NUTRITIONAL-STATUS ASSESSMENT -- 4.1 Medical history -- 4.2 Somatometric measurements -- 4.3 Clinical examination -- 4.4 Laboratory tests -- 4.5 Food-intake information -- 5. NUTRITIONAL NEEDS DURING THE LIFE CYCLE -- 5.1 Nutrition in infancy.

5.1.1 Nutrition in the first 6 months, breast-feeding -- 5.1.2 Nutritive features of breast milk -- 5.1.3 Basic principles of nutrition from the 7th to 12th month -- 5.2 Nutrition of toddlers -- 5.3 Nutrition of preschool and younger school children -- 5.4 Nutrition of older school children and adolescents -- 5.5 Nutrition of elderly people -- 5.5.1 Assessment of nutritional status -- 5.5.2 Malnutrition -- 5.5.3 Dietary recommendations -- 6. FOOD AND NUTRITION POLICY -- 6.1 Food Supply in the context of sustainable development -- 6.2 Food Safety -- 6.2.1 Alimentary infections -- 6.2.1.1 General symptoms of alimentary infections -- 6.2.1.2 Pathogenetic mechanisms of alimentary infections -- 6.2.1.3 The source -- 6.2.1.4 Transmission -- 6.2.1.5 Latency period -- 6.2.1.6 Diagnosis -- 6.2.1.7 An overview of bacterial alimentary diseases -- 6.2.1.8 An overview of viral alimentary diseases -- 6.2.1.9 An overview of parasitic alimentary diseases -- 6.2.1.10 Special alimentary diseases and infections of the gastrointestinal tract -- 6.2.1.11 Alimentary infections from the hygienic perspective -- 6.2.1.12 Transmission of alimentary diseases and epidemiological interventions -- 6.2.1.13 Anti-epidemic activities against alimentary infections -- 6.2.2 Chemical safety and xenobiotics in foods -- 6.2.2.1 Additives in foods -- 6.2.2.2 Contaminants in foods -- 6.2.3 Quality requirements for drinking water -- 6.2.3.1 Basic hazards from drinking water -- 6.3 Healthy nutrition for all -- 7. SMOKING -- 7.1 Introduction and epidemiology -- 7.2 Substances in tobacco mixture and tobacco smoke -- 7.3 Physiological mechanism of tobacco addiction -- 7.4 Classification and objectivization of tobacco addition -- 7.5 Health consequences of burning-tobacco use -- 7.5.1 Cardiovascular diseases - mechanisms and effects -- 7.5.2 Oncological diseases - mechanisms and effects.

7.6 Therapy and brief intervention of patients (method 5 A's) -- 7.7 Public health actions -- 8. ALCOHOL OVERCONSUMPTION -- 9. PHYSICAL ACTIVITY -- 9.1 Global and european strategies -- 9.2 Physical activity in primary prevention -- 9.3 Health-oriented physical fitness and physical activity -- 9.3.1 Physical-activity recommendations -- 9.3.2 The assessment of cardiorespiratory fitness -- 9.3.3 Neuromuscular fitness and postural-pattern assessment -- 10. PREVENTION OF NONCOMMUNICABLE DISEASES -- 10.1 Obesity -- 10.1.1 Epidemiology of obesity -- 10.1.2 Obesity prevention at population level -- 10.1.3 Obesity prevention - an individual approach -- 10.1.4 Diet therapy in the prevention and management of adult obesity -- 10.2 Cardiovascular diseases -- 10.2.1 Risk factors -- 10.2.2 Prevention -- 10.2.2.1 Lifestyle intervention focused on physical activity -- 10.2.2.2 Lifestyle intervention focused on diet -- 10.2.2.3 Mechanisms of cardioprotective effects of phytochemical substances -- 10.3 Oncological diseases and their primary prevention -- 10.3.1 Primary prevention of malignancies from the community point of view -- 10.3.2 Secondary prevention of malignancies from the community point of view -- 10.3.3 Primary and secondary prevention of tumors from the individual point of view -- 11. CHILD AND ADOLESCENT HEALTH -- 11.1 Introduction -- 11.2 Child growth and development -- 11.2.1 Assessment of selected anthropometric data -- 11.2.1.1 Construction and use of growth charts -- 11.2.1.2 Assessment of body length (height) and growth rate -- 11.2.1.3 Determinants of growth -- 11.2.1.4 Growth disorders -- 11.2.1.5 Nutritional-status assessment in children -- 11.1.2 Developmental characteristics of children and adolescents -- 11.2.2.1 Periodization of childhood and adolescence -- 11.2.2.2 Psychomotor and psychosocial development.

11.3 Health risks of children, the level of stress -- 11.3.1 Fulfilling the basic needs of a child -- 11.3.2 Signs of disrespect for the basic needs of a child -- 11.3.2.1 Health risks in kindergartens -- 11.3.2.2 School and inappropriate school load -- 11.4 Prevention of children's injuries and violence against children -- 11.4.1 Prevention of children's injuries -- 11.4.2 Prevention of violence against children -- 11.4.2.1 Risk factors. Forms of violence: definition, consequences -- 12. HEALTH AND ENVIRONMENT -- 12.1 Water management -- 12.1.1 Protection of drinking-water sources -- 12.2 Noise and its reduction -- 12.3 Air pollution -- 12.4 Public-health view on waste -- 12.5 Maintaining a safe building environment -- 12.5.1 Indoor climatic conditions -- 12.5.2 Indoor air quality -- 12.5.3 Lighting -- 13. OXIDATIVE STRESS -- 13.1 Free radicals -- 13.2Formation of free radicals -- 13.2.1 Endogenous causes -- 13.2.2 Exogenous causes -- 13.3 Antioxidant-defense system -- 13.3.1 Antioxidant enzymes -- 13.3.2 Non-enzymatic antioxidant proteins -- 13.3.3 Low-molecular antioxidant substrates -- 13.4 Total antioxidant capacity -- 13.5 Balance between free radicals and antioxidants -- 13.6 Beneficial effects of free radicals -- 13.7 Deleterious effects of free radicals on biomolecules -- 13.8 Quantification of oxidative stress -- 13.9 Oxidative-stress-related diseases -- References.