Queering Asylum in Europe : : Legal and Social Experiences of Seeking International Protection on Grounds of Sexual Orientation and Gender Identity.

• Superior document: IMISCOE Research Series
• Author: Danisi, Carmelo.
• TeilnehmendeR: Dustin, Moira.; Ferreira, Nuno.; Held, Nina.
• Place / Publishing House: Cham : : Springer International Publishing AG,, 2021.; ©2021.
• Year of Publication: 2021
• Edition: 1st ed.
• Language: English
• Series: IMISCOE Research Series
• Physical Description: 1 online resource (497 pages)

Table of Contents

• Queering Asylum in Europe
• Preface for Volume 1
• Preface for Volume 2
• Foreword: On the Importance of Intersectionality Within Policy and Research
• Contents
• List of Acronyms and Abbreviations
• Part I: Contextualising SOGI Asylum Research
• Chapter 1: Why Sexual Orientation and Gender Identity Asylum?
• 1.1 Seeking Asylum: Why Focus on Sexual Orientation and Gender Identity
• 1.2 The International and European Legal, Policy and Social Context
• 1.3 Framing Our Research
• 1.4 The Structure of These Volumes
• References
• Chapter 2: Researching SOGI Asylum
• 2.1 Introduction
• 2.2 Methods
• 2.2.1 Semi-structured Interviews
• 2.2.2 Focus Groups
• 2.2.3 Observations in Courts
• 2.2.4 Online Surveys
• 2.2.5 Documentary Analysis
• 2.2.6 Freedom of Information Requests
• 2.3 Ethical Implications: Doing Research with SOGI Refugees
• References
• Chapter 3: A Theoretical Framework: A Human Rights Reading of SOGI Asylum Based on Feminist and Queer Studies
• 3.1 Introduction
• 3.2 A Human Rights Approach to SOGI Asylum: What Role for Rights?
• 3.2.1 Human Rights and SOGI: Reconsidering Personhood Through a SOGI and Anti-stereotyping Lens
• 3.2.2 Human Rights and the Refugee Convention: Establishing the Right Relationship
• 3.2.3 Human Rights as an Independent Basis for Protection in SOGI Asylum: From Procedural Guarantees to Substantive Fairness
• 3.3 A Feminist Approach to SOGI Asylum
• 3.3.1 Feminism and Multiculturalism
• 3.3.2 Intersectional Feminist Writing
• 3.3.3 Anti-essentialism
• 3.3.4 Recognising Agency
• 3.4 Queer Theoretical Approaches to SOGI Asylum
• 3.4.1 Queer Theoretical Understanding of Sex, Gender, Sexuality and Identity
• 3.4.2 Intersectional Queer Approaches
• 3.4.3 Queer Geographies
• 3.5 Concluding Remarks
• References.
• Part II: The Legal and Social Experiences of SOGI Asylum Claimants and Refugees
• Chapter 4: The Policy and Guidance
• 4.1 Introduction
• 4.2 Social and Legal Dimensions of SOGI
• 4.3 The National Asylum Systems
• 4.3.1 The Key Legal Instruments and Actors
• 4.3.2 Degree of Compliance with Supranational and International Obligations
• 4.4 SOGI Dimensions of Domestic Asylum Systems
• 4.4.1 Milestones in Policy and Guidance
• 4.4.2 Vulnerability and SOGI Asylum
• 4.5 Refugee Status Determination (RSD) Outcomes and Life After the Decision on a SOGI Asylum Claim
• 4.6 From Policy to Law, from Law to Practice
• References
• Chapter 5: Life in the Countries of Origin, Departure and Travel Towards Europe
• 5.1 Introduction
• 5.2 Life in the Countries of Origin
• 5.2.1 'Ordinary' Lives
• 5.2.2 Treatment of SOGI Minorities in Countries of Origin
• 5.3 'It Suddenly Happened'
• 5.3.1 Forced Departures
• 5.3.2 Journey Experiences
• 5.4 The Arrival in Europe
• 5.4.1 Information on SOGI Asylum
• 5.4.2 Initial Screenings
• 5.4.3 Initial Reception and Detention
• 5.5 Concluding Remarks
• References
• Chapter 6: The Decision-Making Procedure
• 6.1 Introduction
• 6.2 The Preparation of Asylum Claims and Legal Aid
• 6.2.1 The Preparation for the Main Interview and Judicial Hearing(s)
• 6.2.2 Access to, and Quality of, Legal Representation
• 6.2.3 Training of Volunteers, Lawyers and Staff Working with SOGI Claimants
• 6.3 The Main Interview: Actors and Procedures in SOGI Asylum
• 6.3.1 The Interview Setting
• 6.3.2 The Selection and the Training of Caseworkers
• 6.3.3 The Conduct of Interviews
• 6.4 The Judicial Procedure
• 6.4.1 The Appeal Setting
• 6.4.2 The Conduct of Hearings and the Adoption of Decisions
• 6.5 Country of Origin Information
• 6.6 Interpretation
• 6.7 Other Procedures
• 6.8 Concluding Remarks
• References.
• Chapter 7: The Asylum Claim Determination
• 7.1 Introduction
• 7.2 Using the Grounds for the Recognition of Refugee Status
• 7.2.1 Choosing from the Five Refugee Convention Grounds
• 7.2.2 SOGI and 'Particular Social Group'
• 7.3 Reaching the Persecution Threshold
• 7.3.1 The Criminalisation of Same-Sex Acts
• 7.3.2 The 'Discretion Argument'
• 7.3.3 The 'Internal Relocation Alternative'
• 7.4 Proving Claims Based on SOGI
• 7.4.1 Standard and Burden of Proof
• 7.4.2 Types of Evidence
• 7.5 The Assessment of Credibility
• 7.5.1 Stereotyping 'Gayness'
• 7.5.2 Be 'Out and Proud' - The Western Way
• 7.5.3 A Persisting Culture of Disbelief
• 7.6 Outcomes of the RSD Process and What Lays beyond SOGI - Through an Intersectional Lens
• 7.7 Concluding Remarks: Assessing the Assessor
• References
• Chapter 8: Housing and Accommodation
• 8.1 Introduction
• 8.2 Asylum Accommodation Policies
• 8.3 Standard of Asylum Accommodation
• 8.4 Living in Shared Accommodation, Being 'in the Closet' and Experiencing Discrimination and Hate Crime
• 8.4.1 Accommodation of Couples
• 8.4.2 Intersectional Dimensions of Accommodation
• 8.4.3 Accommodation of Non-binary, Trans and Intersex Claimants
• 8.5 Rural/Urban
• 8.6 Homelessness and Destitution
• 8.7 Housing After the Asylum Claim Process
• 8.8 SOGI Accommodation
• 8.9 Detention
• 8.10 Concluding Remarks
• References
• Chapter 9: Health, Work and Education
• 9.1 Introduction
• 9.2 Physical and Mental Health
• 9.2.1 Access to Healthcare
• 9.2.2 Access to Specialist Treatment
• 9.2.3 Experiences of Sexual Violence and Torture
• 9.2.4 Mental Health
• 9.3 Work
• 9.3.1 The Right to Work
• 9.3.2 Voluntary Work and Community Involvement
• 9.3.3 Sexual Exploitation and Sex Work
• 9.3.4 Discrimination and Exploitation in Employment
• 9.4 Education and Training
• 9.5 Concluding Remarks.
• References
• Part III: Forging a New Future for SOGI Asylum in Europe
• Chapter 10: SOGI Asylum in Europe: Emerging Patterns
• 10.1 Introduction
• 10.2 Identities
• 10.2.1 Homogenisation
• 10.2.2 Stereotypes
• 10.2.3 Language and Culture
• 10.3 Discrimination
• 10.3.1 Racism
• 10.3.2 Homophobia, Transphobia and Cross-Cutting Discrimination
• 10.4 Place
• 10.4.1 Receiving Country and Region
• 10.4.2 Isolation
• 10.5 Agency
• 10.5.1 Losing Agency
• 10.5.2 Taking Control
• 10.6 Concluding Remarks
• References
• Chapter 11: Believing in Something Better: Our Recommendations
• 11.1 So What?
• 11.2 The Journey to Europe and Reception
• 11.3 The Asylum Application Process
• 11.3.1 Institutional and Policy Framework
• 11.3.2 Procedural Rules
• 11.3.3 The Asylum Claim Determination
• 11.4 Detention and Accommodation
• 11.5 Life 'Beyond Papers'
• 11.6 Building Capacity and Enhancing Competences
• 11.7 Something to Look Forward To
• References
• Index.