Nuclear and Radiological Emergencies in Animal Production Systems, Preparedness, Response and Recovery.

• Author: Naletoski, Ivancho.
• TeilnehmendeR: Luckins, Anthony G.; Viljoen, Gerrit.
• Place / Publishing House: Berlin, Heidelberg : : Springer Berlin / Heidelberg,, 2021.; ©2021.
• Year of Publication: 2021
• Edition: 1st ed.
• Language: English
• Physical Description: 1 online resource (206 pages)

Table of Contents

Intro -- Foreword -- Acknowledgements -- Introduction -- Contents -- About the Contributors -- Abbreviations -- Chapter 1: National Veterinary Services Roles and Responsibilities in Preparing for and Responding to Nuclear and Radiological Emergencies -- References -- Chapter 2: Short Refresher of Radiobiology -- 2.1 Atoms and Isotopes -- 2.2 Definition of Radiation -- 2.3 Types of Ionizing Radiation -- 2.3.1 ß− Decay -- 2.3.2 ß+ Decay -- 2.3.3 Electron Capture -- 2.4 Physical Half-Life of Radioactive Isotopes -- 2.5 Biological Half-Life of the Radioactive Isotopes -- 2.6 Effective Half-Life of the Radioactive Isotopes in the Body of Animals -- 2.7 Decay Chains and Ingrowth -- 2.8 Units of Radioactivity -- 2.9 Specific Radioactivity -- 2.10 Radiation Dose -- 2.11 Effective Dose Equivalent -- 2.12 Lethal Dose -- 2.13 Interaction of the Ionizing Radiation with the Matter -- 2.14 The Sources of Man-Made Environmental Contamination -- References -- Chapter 3: Measurement of Radioactivity -- 3.1 Measuring Instruments -- 3.1.1 Personnel Dosimeters -- 3.2 Measuring Contamination Levels in Live Farm Animals -- References -- Chapter 4: Preparedness and Response to Nuclear and Radiological Emergencies in Animal Production Systems in the Context of IAEA Safety Standards -- 4.1 Relevant IAEA Publications on Emergency Preparedness and Response for Animal Production Systems -- 4.2 Phases of a Nuclear or Radiological Emergency -- 4.2.1 The Preparedness Stage -- 4.2.1.1 Hazard Assessment -- 4.2.1.2 Development, Justification and Optimisation of a Protection Strategy -- 4.2.1.3 International Trade of Food Following a Nuclear or Radiological Emergency -- 4.2.1.4 OILs for Triggering Food, Milk and Drinking Water Restrictions -- 4.2.1.5 Emergency Planning Zones and Emergency Planning Distances -- 4.2.2 Emergency Exposure Situation -- 4.2.2.1 The Urgent Response Phase.

4.2.2.2 The Early Response Phase -- 4.2.2.3 The Transition Phase -- 4.2.2.4 Radioactive Waste Management -- 4.2.2.5 Dealing with Non-radiological Consequences -- 4.2.3 The Termination of a Nuclear or Radiological Emergency -- 4.2.4 Planned or Existing Exposure Situation -- 4.2.4.1 Restrictions on Food, Milk and Drinking Water After the Termination of an Emergency -- References -- Chapter 5: Environmental Pathways of Radionuclides to Animal Products in Different Farming and Harvesting Systems -- 5.1 Major Nuclear or Radiological Emergencies Causing Animal and Animal Product Contamination -- 5.2 Key Environmental Processes Controlling Animal Product Contamination -- 5.2.1 Vegetation Interception -- 5.2.2 Chemical Form of the Released Radionuclides -- 5.2.3 Radionuclide Behaviour in Soils -- 5.2.4 Radionuclide Transfer from Soil to Crops -- 5.2.5 Quantification of Radionuclide Transfer to Plants and Fodder Crops -- 5.2.6 Intake and Absorption of Radionuclides by Animals -- 5.2.7 Gastrointestinal Absorption -- 5.2.8 Quantification of Radionuclide Transfer to Animal Products -- 5.2.9 Quantification of the Time Dependency of Radionuclide Activity Concentrations in Animal Products -- 5.2.10 Biological Half-Life () in Animal Tissues -- 5.2.11 Ecological and Effective Half-Lives -- 5.3 Monitoring Animal Food Products -- 5.4 Radionuclide Transfer to Intensively Farmed Agricultural Animals -- 5.4.1 Soil and Plant Aspects -- 5.4.1.1 Radioiodine -- 5.4.1.2 Radiocaesium -- 5.4.1.3 Radiostrontium -- 5.4.1.4 Other Radionuclides -- 5.4.2 Dairy Production -- 5.4.2.1 Radioiodine -- 5.4.2.2 Radiocaesium -- 5.4.2.3 Radiostrontium -- 5.4.3 Meat and Offal Production -- 5.4.3.1 Transfer of Radionuclides to Meat -- 5.4.3.2 Other Accumulating Tissues -- 5.4.3.3 Target Tissues for Different Radionuclides -- 5.5 Radionuclide Transfer in Non-intensive Animal Production.

5.5.1 Dairy Production in Low-Productivity Areas -- 5.5.2 Meat Production in Low-Productivity Areas -- 5.6 Radionuclide Transfer to Game Animals -- 5.6.1 Forest Environments -- 5.7 Impacts on the Health of Livestock Exposed to Nuclear Contamination -- 5.8 Routes of Radionuclide Intake via Aquatic Pathways -- 5.8.1 Radionuclides in Freshwater Fish -- 5.9 The Risk for Public Health (Placement on the Market for Human Consumption) -- 5.9.1 Radioiodine -- 5.9.2 Radiocaesium -- 5.9.3 Other Radionuclides -- References -- Chapter 6: Management Options for Animal Production Systems: Which Ones to Choose in the Event of a Nuclear or Radiological Emergency? -- 6.1 Introduction -- 6.2 Management Options -- 6.3 Radionuclides of Importance -- 6.4 Seasonality and Radioecological Zoning -- 6.5 Decision-Aiding Handbooks for Food Production Systems -- 6.5.1 Decision-Aiding Framework -- 6.5.2 Selection Tables (Step 2) -- 6.5.3 Applicability of Management Options for Different Radionuclides (Step 3) -- 6.5.4 Key Constraints Affecting Management Options (Step 4) -- 6.5.4.1 Technical Feasibility and Capacity -- 6.5.4.2 Timescales for Implementation -- 6.5.4.3 Waste Generation -- 6.5.4.4 Environmental Impact -- 6.5.4.5 Cost -- 6.5.5 Effectiveness of Management Options (Step 5) -- 6.5.6 Management Options Incurring an Additional Dose to Implementers (Step 6) -- 6.5.7 Consideration of the Datasheets (Step 7) -- 6.5.8 Selecting and Combining Options to Develop the Management Strategy (Step 8) -- References -- Chapter 7: Information Systems in Support of the Decision-Making Tools -- 7.1 The IAEA Unified System for Information Exchange in Incidents and Emergencies (USIE) -- 7.2 Decision Support System for Nuclear Emergencies Affecting Food and Agriculture (DSS4NAFA) -- 7.3 iVetNet -- References.

Correction to: Nuclear and Radiological Emergencies in Animal Production Systems, Preparedness, Response and Recovery -- Correction to: I. Naletoski et al. (eds.), Nuclear and Radiological Emergencies in Animal Production Systems, Preparedness, Response and Recovery, https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-63021-1 -- Annexes -- Annex A: Datasheets on the Management Options -- Annex B: Worked Examples to Illustrate Decision-Aiding Framework.