Polarimetric Synthetic Aperture Radar : : Principles and Application.

• Superior document: Remote Sensing and Digital Image Processing Series ; v.25
• Author: Hajnsek, Irena.
• TeilnehmendeR: Desnos, Yves-Louis.
• Place / Publishing House: Cham : : Springer International Publishing AG,, 2021.; Ã2021.
• Year of Publication: 2021
• Edition: 1st ed.
• Language: English
• Series: Remote Sensing and Digital Image Processing Series
• Physical Description: 1 online resource (304 pages)

Table of Contents

Intro -- Foreword -- Preface -- Pioneering Space-Borne SAR Interferometry -- Organising Airborne Polarimetric SAR Campaigns and Scientific Studies -- Dialoguing with POLinSAR Scientists and Training the Next Generation -- Pioneering Space-Borne SAR Polarimetric Interferometry -- Future Missions -- From Science to Applications -- Outlook -- In Memoriam -- Contents -- Symbols -- 1: Basic Principles of SAR Polarimetry -- 1.1 Theory of Radar Polarimetry -- 1.1.1 Wave Polarimetry -- 1.1.1.1 Electromagnetic Waves and Wave Polarization Descriptors -- 1.1.1.2 Totally and Partially Polarized Waves -- 1.1.1.3 Change of Polarization Basis -- 1.1.2 Scattering Polarimetry -- 1.1.2.1 The Scattering Matrix -- 1.1.2.2 Scattering Polarimetry Descriptors -- 1.1.2.3 Partial Scattering Polarimetry -- 1.1.2.4 Change of Polarization Basis -- 1.1.2.5 Scatterers Characterization by Single, Dual, Compact and Full Polarimetry -- 1.2 SAR Data Statistical Description and Speckle Noise Filtering -- 1.2.1 One-Dimensional Gaussian Distribution -- 1.2.2 Multidimensional Gaussian Distribution -- 1.2.3 The Wishart Distribution -- 1.2.4 The Polarimetric Covariance and Coherency Matrix -- 1.2.5 The Polarimetric Coherence -- 1.2.6 Polarimetric Speckle Noise Filtering -- 1.2.6.1 PolSAR Speckle Noise Filtering Principles -- 1.2.6.2 PolSAR Speckle Noise Filtering Alternatives -- 1.3 Polarimetric Scattering Decomposition Theorems -- 1.3.1 Coherent Scattering Decomposition Techniques -- 1.3.1.1 The Pauli Decomposition -- 1.3.2 Incoherent Scattering Decompositions Techniques -- 1.3.2.1 Three-Component Freeman Decomposition -- 1.3.2.2 Four-Component Yamaguchi Decomposition -- 1.3.2.3 Non-negative Eigenvalue Decomposition -- 1.3.2.4 Eigenvector-Eigenvalue-Based Decomposition -- 1.3.2.5 The Touzi Target Scattering Decompositions -- 1.4 Polarimetric SAR Interferometry.

1.4.1 SAR Interferometry -- 1.4.2 Algorithms for Optimum Interferogram Generation -- 1.4.3 Model-Based Polarimetric SAR Interferometry -- 1.4.3.1 PolInSAR for Bare Surface Scattering -- 1.4.3.2 PolInSAR for Random Volume Scattering -- 1.4.3.3 PolInSAR Two-Layer Combined Surface and Random Volume Scattering -- 1.5 Polarimetric SAR Tomography -- 1.5.1 TomoSAR and PolTomoSAR as Spectral Estimation Problems: Non-model-Based Adaptive Solutions -- 1.5.2 Model-Based PolTomoSAR -- 1.5.3 Coherence Tomography -- References -- 2: Forest Applications -- 2.1 Introduction -- 2.2 Forest Classification -- 2.2.1 Land Cover Classification in Tropical Lands Using PolSAR -- 2.2.1.1 Introduction, Motivation and Literature Review -- 2.2.1.2 Methodology -- 2.2.1.3 Experimental Results -- 2.2.1.4 Discussion on the Role of Polarimetry, on the Maturity of the Application and Conclusions -- 2.2.2 Forest Mapping and Classification Using Polarimetric and Interferometric Data -- 2.2.2.1 Introduction, Motivation and Literature Review -- 2.2.2.2 Methodology -- 2.2.2.3 Experimental Results -- 2.2.2.4 Discussion on the Role of Polarimetry, on the Maturity of the Application and Conclusions -- 2.2.3 Detection of Fire Scars -- 2.2.3.1 Introduction, Motivation and Literature Review -- 2.2.3.2 Methodology -- 2.2.3.3 Experimental Results -- 2.2.3.4 Discussion on the Role of Polarimetry, on the Maturity of the Application and Conclusions -- 2.3 Forest Height Estimation -- 2.3.1 Introduction, Motivation and Literature Review -- 2.3.2 Methodology -- 2.3.2.1 Random-Volume-Over-Ground Inversion -- 2.3.2.2 Non-volumetric Decorrelation Contributions -- 2.3.3 Experimental Results -- 2.3.4 Comparison with Single/Dual Polarimetric Data -- 2.3.5 Discussion on the Role of Polarimetry, on the Maturity of the Application and Conclusions.

2.4 Forest Vertical Structure Estimation Using Multi-baseline Polarimetric SAR Acquisitions -- 2.4.1 Polarimetric SAR Tomography -- 2.4.1.1 Introduction, Motivation and Literature Review -- 2.4.1.2 Methodology -- 2.4.1.3 Experimental Results -- 2.4.1.4 Comparison with Single/Dual Polarization Data -- 2.4.1.5 Discussion on the Role of Polarimetry, on the Maturity of the Application and Conclusions -- 2.4.2 Estimation of Vegetation Structure Parameters -- 2.4.2.1 Introduction, Motivation and Literature Review -- 2.4.2.2 Methodology -- 2.4.2.3 Experimental Results -- 2.4.2.4 Discussion on the Role of Polarimetry, on the Maturity of the Application and Conclusions -- 2.5 Biomass Estimation -- 2.5.1 Biomass Estimation: A Review -- 2.5.1.1 Introduction, Motivation -- 2.5.1.2 Methodology -- 2.5.1.2.1 Direct Biomass Estimation -- 2.5.1.2.2 Model-Based Estimation -- 2.5.1.2.3 Allometric Biomass Estimation -- 2.5.1.3 Experimental Results -- 2.5.1.4 Discussion on the Role of Polarimetry, on the Maturity of the Application and Conclusions -- 2.5.2 Biomass Estimation from Semi-empirical Relationships -- 2.5.2.1 Introduction, Motivation and Literature Review -- 2.5.2.2 Methodology -- 2.5.2.3 Experimental Results -- 2.5.2.4 Discussion on the Role of Polarimetry, on the Maturity of the Application and Conclusions -- 2.6 Summary -- References -- 3: Agriculture and Wetland Applications -- 3.1 Introduction -- 3.2 Crop Type Mapping -- 3.2.1 Evaluation of C-Band Polarimetric SAR for Crop Classification -- 3.2.1.1 Introduction, Motivation and Literature Review -- 3.2.1.2 Methodology -- 3.2.1.3 Experimental Results -- 3.2.1.4 Comparison with Single-/Dual-Polarisation Data -- 3.2.1.5 Discussion on the Role of Polarimetry, on the Maturity of the Application and Conclusions -- 3.2.2 Crop Classification Using Multitemporal L- and C-Band Airborne Polarimetric SAR.

3.2.2.1 Introduction, Motivation and Literature Review -- 3.2.2.2 Methodology -- 3.2.2.3 Experimental Results -- 3.2.2.4 Comparison with Single-/Dual-Polarisation Data -- 3.2.2.5 Discussion on the Role of Polarimetry on the Maturity of the Application and Conclusions -- 3.3 Soil Moisture Estimation Under Vegetation Using SAR Polarimetry -- 3.3.1 Introduction, Motivation and Literature Review -- 3.3.2 Methodology -- 3.3.3 Experimental Results -- 3.3.4 Comparison with Single-/Dual-Pol Data -- 3.3.5 Discussion on the Role of Polarimetry, on the Maturity of the Application and Conclusion -- 3.4 Crop Phenology Estimation Using SAR Polarimetry -- 3.4.1 Introduction, Motivation and Literature Review -- 3.4.2 Methodology -- 3.4.3 Experimental Results -- 3.4.3.1 Analysis -- 3.4.3.1.1 Cereals -- 3.4.3.1.2 Canola -- 3.4.3.1.3 Field Pea -- 3.4.3.2 Retrieval Algorithms -- 3.4.3.3 Results and Validation -- 3.4.3.3.1 Wheat -- 3.4.3.3.2 Oat -- 3.4.3.3.3 Barley -- 3.4.4 Comparison with Single-/Dual-Polarisation Data -- 3.4.5 Discussion on Role of Polarimetry, on the Maturity of the Application and Conclusions -- 3.5 Wetland Observation -- 3.5.1 C-Band Polarimetric Time Series for Delineating and Monitoring Seasonal Dynamics of Wetlands -- 3.5.1.1 Introduction, Motivation and Literature Review -- 3.5.1.2 Methodology -- 3.5.1.3 Experimental Results -- 3.5.1.4 Comparison with Single-/Dual-Polarisation Data -- 3.5.1.5 Discussion on the Role of Polarisation, on the Maturity of the Application and Conclusions -- 3.5.2 Tropical Wetland Characterisation with Polarimetric SAR -- 3.5.2.1 Introduction, Motivation and Literature Review -- 3.5.2.2 Methodology -- 3.5.2.3 Experimental Results -- 3.5.2.4 Comparison with Single-/Dual-Polarisation Data -- 3.5.2.5 Discussion on the Role of Polarimetry, on the Maturity of the Application and Conclusions.

3.5.3 Subarctic Peatland Characterisation and Monitoring -- 3.5.3.1 Introduction, Motivation and Literature Review -- 3.5.3.2 Experimental Results -- 3.5.3.2.1 La Baie des Mines -- Peatland Hydrology Characteristics for Bog-Fen Discrimination -- Application of the Touzi Decomposition to Polarimetric ALOS Data: Required Processing Window Size for Unbiased ICTD -- Analysis of the ALOS Acquisitions -- Peatland Subsurface Water Flow Monitoring Using Polarimetric May and November ALOS Acquisitions: Multi-polarisation Versus Pol... -- 3.5.3.2.2 Wapusk National Park -- 3.5.3.3 Discussion on the Role of Polarimetry, on the Maturity of the Application and Conclusions -- 3.5.3.4 Acknowledgement -- 3.6 Monitoring Change Detection Produced by Tsunamis and Earthquakes by Using a Fully Polarimetric Model-Based Decomposition -- 3.6.1 Introduction, Motivation and Literature Review -- 3.6.2 Methodology -- 3.6.3 Experimental Results -- 3.6.4 Comparison with Single-/Dual-Polarisation Data -- 3.6.5 Discussion on the Role of Polarimetry, on the Maturity of the Application and Conclusions -- 3.7 Summary (Table 3.13) -- References -- 4: Cryosphere Applications -- 4.1 Introduction -- 4.2 Land Ice Extinction Estimation Using PolInSAR -- 4.2.1 Introduction, Motivation, and Literature Review -- 4.2.2 Methodology -- 4.2.3 Experimental Results -- 4.2.4 Comparison with Single/Dual Polarisation Data -- 4.2.5 Discussion on the Role of Polarimetry, on the Maturity of the Application, and Conclusions -- 4.3 Snow Water Equivalent Retrieval -- 4.3.1 Introduction, Motivation, and Literature Review -- 4.3.2 Methodology -- 4.3.2.1 Polarimetric Decomposition for Snow-Covered Areas -- 4.3.2.2 Snow Water Equivalent Retrieval Algorithm -- 4.3.3 Experimental Results -- 4.3.4 Comparison with Single/Dual Polarisation Data.

4.3.5 Discussion on the Role of Polarimetry, on the Maturity of the Application and Conclusions.