Bird Species : : How They Arise, Modify and Vanish.

• Superior document: Fascinating Life Sciences Series
• Author: Tietze, Dieter Thomas.
• Place / Publishing House: Cham : : Springer International Publishing AG,, 2018.; ©2018.
• Year of Publication: 2018
• Edition: 1st ed.
• Language: English
• Series: Fascinating Life Sciences Series
• Physical Description: 1 online resource (270 pages)

Table of Contents

• Intro
• Foreword
• References
• Contents
• Chapter 1: Introduction: Studying Birds in Time and Space
• 1.1 Why and How to Study Bird Species
• 1.2 Physical and Behavioral Aspects of Birds
• 1.3 The Spatial Component
• 1.4 Ecology Matters: Bird Species in the Anthropocene
• References
• Chapter 2: Integrative Taxonomy of Birds: The Nature and Delimitation of Species
• 2.1 The Centrality of Species
• 2.2 Why Is There a Species Problem?
• 2.2.1 Monism vs. Pluralism
• 2.2.2 Realism vs. Anti-realism
• 2.2.3 Theoretical vs. Operational
• 2.2.4 Pattern vs. Process
• 2.2.5 Prospective vs. Historical
• 2.2.6 Concerns by End Users
• 2.3 The Lineage Concept
• 2.4 Corollaries of the Lineage Concept
• 2.5 Integrative Taxonomy
• 2.5.1 Why Multiple Data?
• 2.5.2 Why Integrate?
• 2.6 Strengths of Integrative Taxonomy
• 2.7 What Is Not Integrative Taxonomy?
• 2.7.1 Falsification by a ``Defining ́́Species Criterion
• 2.7.2 Standardization of Species Criteria
• 2.8 The Dynamics of Taxonomic Change
• 2.9 The Drivers of Taxonomic Change
• 2.10 Benefits of Integrative Taxonomy to Other Fields
• 2.10.1 Speciation Studies
• 2.10.2 Biogeography
• 2.10.3 Conservation
• 2.11 Remaining Issues
• References
• Suggestion for Further Reading
• Chapter 3: Studying Speciation: Genomic Essentials and Approaches
• 3.1 What Is an Avian Genome?
• 3.1.1 Structure of the Genetic Material
• 3.1.1.1 Noncoding and Coding Regions
• 3.1.1.2 Autosomes Versus Sex Chromosomes
• 3.1.1.3 Nuclear Genome and Mitochondrial Genome
• 3.1.2 The Chicken Model: History and Overview
• 3.2 How Does the Genome ``Work?́́
• 3.2.1 Replication of the DNA
• 3.2.2 Transcription: RNA Synthesis
• 3.2.3 Translation
• 3.2.4 One Gene: One Function?
• 3.2.5 Categorical vs. Quantitative Traits
• 3.2.6 Phenotypic Plasticity
• 3.3 How Does the Genome Evolve?.
• 3.3.1 Modification of the DNA
• 3.3.2 Mutation
• 3.3.3 Selection
• 3.3.4 Genetic Drift
• 3.3.5 Geographic Variation and Dispersal
• 3.3.6 Recombination and Migration
• 3.3.7 Gene Duplication
• 3.4 How to Study Speciation Using Genomic Features?
• 3.4.1 PCR-Based Molecular Markers
• 3.4.1.1 Ribosomal Genes
• 3.4.1.2 Mitochondrial DNA Markers
• 3.4.1.3 Microsatellites
• 3.4.2 Expressed Sequence Tags
• 3.4.3 Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms
• 3.4.4 Restriction-site-associated DNA sequencing
• 3.4.5 Genotyping by sequencing
• 3.4.6 Transcriptomics
• 3.4.7 ``Whole ́́Genome Sequencing
• 3.4.7.1 Different Strategies for Sequencing Genomes
• 3.4.7.2 Limitations of Analyzing Genomes
• 3.4.8 Epigenome
• 3.5 Closing Words
• References
• Chapter 4: Morphological Variation in Birds: Plasticity, Adaptation, and Speciation
• 4.1 General Aspects of Phenotypic Variation in Birds
• 4.2 The Historical Role of Morphological Criteria for Species Delimitation
• 4.3 Phenotypic Variation and Plasticity of Characters
• 4.4 Assessing Morphological Variation
• 4.5 Disentangling Phylogenetic and Adaptive Constraints
• 4.6 A Contemporary Perspective on Morphological Variation
• References
• Chapter 5: Song: The Learned Language of Three Major Bird Clades
• 5.1 Eager Birds: The Advanced Learners
• 5.2 Passerine Song
• 5.3 The Best Singer Takes It All: Female Preference and Sexual Selection
• 5.4 How It All Began: A Brief History of Bioacoustic Studies
• 5.5 Telltale Songs: Evolution and Phylogenetic Information of Vocalizations
• 5.6 Vocal Learning as a Pacemaker of Evolution
• 5.7 Dialects: Spatial Variation
• 5.8 Competition for Acoustic Space: The Role of Ecology
• 5.9 Dialects as a Language Barrier and Isolating Mechanism
• 5.10 Sympathy in Sympatry: Bilingual Birds in a Hybrid Zone
• References.
• Chapter 6: Timing Matters: Allochronic Contributions to Population Divergence
• 6.1 Timing Is Everything!
• 6.2 Clockworks
• 6.3 Allochrony: Differences in Timing Between Individuals, Populations, and Species
• 6.4 Isolation by the Clock
• 6.5 Conclusions
• Further Reading
• References
• Chapter 7: (Micro)evolutionary Changes and the Evolutionary Potential of Bird Migration
• 7.1 History and Geographic Origins
• 7.2 Regulation
• 7.2.1 Variation in Migratory Strategy
• 7.2.2 Migratory Traits Are Inherited
• 7.2.3 Underlying Genetic Architecture: Simple and Common?
• 7.2.4 Marker-Based Approaches: Candidate Genes for Migration
• 7.2.5 Enhancing Scale and Resolution: Genome-Wide Approaches
• 7.3 Population Differentiation and Speciation
• References
• Chapter 8: Avian Diversity and Distributions and Their Evolution Through Space and Time
• 8.1 Spatiotemporal Diversification of Modern Birds
• 8.2 Global Distribution and Diversity Patterns
• 8.3 Geography of Speciation
• 8.4 Vicariance vs. Dispersal and the Dynamics of Range Evolution in Birds
• References
• Chapter 9: Modeling Avian Distributions and Niches: Insights into Invasions and Speciation in Birds
• 9.1 Introduction
• 9.2 The Conceptual Background of SDMs or What Is a Niche?
• 9.3 How to Build a Species Distribution Model?
• 9.3.1 Occurrence Data
• 9.3.2 Predictor Variables
• 9.3.3 Algorithms
• 9.3.4 Niche Comparisons
• 9.4 Niche Conservatism
• 9.5 Evaluating Avian Invasions
• 9.6 Speciation and Niche Evolution
• 9.7 Assisting Taxonomy
• References
• Chapter 10: Phylogeography and the Role of Hybridization in Speciation
• 10.1 Introduction
• 10.2 Some General Observations from Avian Phylogeography: Historical Population Size Changes and Introgression
• 10.3 Phylogeography, Sex Chromosomes, and Speciation.
• 10.4 Bird Species with No Known or Very Few Genetic Differences
• 10.5 Hybrid Zones: A Closer Look
• 10.5.1 Suture Zones and Multiple Hybrid Zones
• 10.5.2 Detail Emerging from Single Species and Hybrid Zones: Three Case Studies
• 10.6 Mitonuclear Incompatibility, Hybridization, and Speciation
• 10.7 Ring Species as a Special Case of Divergence with Gene Flow: Are There Any Surviving Examples?
• 10.8 Hybrid Species
• 10.8.1 Hybrid Zones Sometimes Move
• 10.9 A View to the Future
• References
• Chapter 11: Ecological Speciation: When and How Variation Among Environments Can Drive Population Divergence
• 11.1 Approaches Toward the Study of Speciation
• 11.2 Four Ways to Increase Ecological Performance: Which May Each Drive Speciation
• 11.3 Ecological Speciation Driven by Natural Selection
• 11.4 Ecological Speciation Driven by Phenotypic Plasticity
• 11.5 Ecological Speciation Driven by Adjustment of the Environment
• 11.6 Ecological Speciation Driven by Selection of the Environment
• 11.7 Feedbacks Between Plasticity, Adjusting the Environment, Selection of the Environment, and Natural Selection
• References
• Chapter 12: Climate Change Impacts on Bird Species
• 12.1 Introduction
• 12.2 Birds and Climate Change: Is There an Impact?
• 12.2.1 Climate Change Indicators
• 12.3 What Are the Consequences of Climate Change for Birds?
• 12.4 Projections of Potential Climate Change Impacts: What Else Is Waiting for Us?
• 12.5 Do Niches and Interactions with Abiotic and Biotic Environment ``Evolve?́́
• 12.6 Conservation Implications
• References
• Chapter 13: Impact of Urbanization on Birds
• 13.1 A Brief History of Urbanization
• 13.2 Birds and the City
• 13.2.1 Species Vanish from the City
• 13.2.2 Species Flourish or Persist in the City
• 13.2.3 Species Change
• 13.3 Urban Environment as a Barrier for Movement.
• 13.4 The Urban Drivers
• 13.5 Phenotypic Changes and Responses as a Result of Urban Life
• 13.5.1 Physiology
• 13.5.1.1 Stress Physiology and Its Implications
• 13.5.1.2 Nutritional Physiology and Its Implications
• 13.5.2 Behavior
• 13.5.2.1 Behavioral Responses to Chemical Pollution
• 13.5.2.2 Behavioral Responses to Noise
• 13.5.2.3 Behavioral Responses to ALAN
• 13.6 Concluding Remarks
• References
• Glossary.