Habitats and Biota of the Gulf of Mexico : : Volume 1: Water Quality, Sediments, Sediment Contaminants, Oil and Gas Seeps, Coastal Habitats, Offshore Plankton and Benthos, and Shellfish.

• Author: Ward, C. Herb.
• Place / Publishing House: New York, NY : : Springer New York,, 2017.; ©2017.
• Year of Publication: 2017
• Edition: 1st ed.
• Language: English
• Physical Description: 1 online resource (917 pages)

Table of Contents

Intro -- Preface -- About the Editor -- About the Authors -- External Peer Reviewers -- Contents -- List of Figures -- List of Tables -- Chapter 1: Habitats and Biota of the Gulf of Mexico: An Overview -- 1.1 Introduction and Overview of Chapter Topics -- 1.2 Water Quality in the Gulf of Mexico (Chapter 2) -- 1.3 Sediments of the Gulf of Mexico (Chapter 3) -- 1.4 Sediment Contaminants of the Gulf of Mexico (Chapter 4) -- 1.5 Oil and Gas Seeps in the Gulf of Mexico (Chapter 5) -- 1.6 Coastal Habitats of the Gulf of Mexico (Chapter 6) -- 1.7 Offshore Plankton and Benthos of the Gulf of Mexico (Chapter 7) -- 1.8 Shellfish of the Gulf of Mexico (Chapter 8) -- 1.9 Fish Resources of the Gulf of Mexico (Chapter 9)* -- 1.10 Commercial and Recreational Fisheries of the Gulf of Mexico (Chapter 10) -- 1.11 Sea Turtles of the Gulf of Mexico (Chapter 11) -- 1.12 Avian Resources of the Gulf of Mexico (Chapter 12) -- 1.13 Marine Mammals of the Gulf of Mexico (Chapter 13) -- 1.14 Diseases and Mortalities of Fishes and Other Animals in the Gulf of Mexico (Chapter 14) -- 1.15 Conclusions -- References -- Chapter 2: Water Quality of the Gulf of Mexico -- 2.1 Introduction -- 2.2 Determinants and Measures of Water Quality -- 2.2.1 Physiographic Setting -- 2.2.2 Human Activities -- 2.2.3 Water Clarity -- 2.2.4 Eutrophication -- 2.2.5 Chemical Contaminants -- 2.2.6 Water Quality Impairment and Biological Contaminants -- 2.3 Coastal Water Quality -- 2.3.1 NOAAś Estuarine Eutrophication Assessment (1999) -- 2.3.2 USEPAś National Coastal Condition Reports I (2001) and II (2004) -- 2.3.3 USEPA National Estuarine Condition (2006) -- 2.3.4 USEPAś National Coastal Condition Report III (2008) -- 2.3.5 USEPAś National Coastal Condition Report IV (2012) -- 2.3.6 State of the Bays -- 2.3.6.1 Texas Bays -- 2.3.6.2 Louisiana Bays -- 2.3.6.3 Mississippi and Alabama Bays.

2.3.6.4 Florida Bays -- 2.3.7 Coastal Water Quality and Petroleum -- 2.3.7.1 Natural Oil and Gas Seeps -- 2.3.7.2 Extraction of Petroleum -- 2.3.7.3 Transportation of Petroleum -- 2.3.7.4 Consumption of Petroleum -- 2.3.7.5 Spatial Variability of Petroleum Contamination -- 2.3.8 Coastal Water Quality and Utilization of Water -- 2.3.9 Temporal Trends in Coastal Water Quality -- 2.4 Continental Shelf/Slope and Abyssal Water Quality -- 2.4.1 Hypoxia on the Continental Shelf -- 2.4.2 Continental Shelf/Slope and Abyssal Water Quality and Contaminants -- 2.5 Summary -- References -- Appendix A -- Appendix B -- Appendix C -- Chapter 3: Sediments of the Gulf of Mexico -- 3.1 Introduction -- 3.2 Bathymetric Provinces -- 3.2.1 Sigsbee Abyssal Plain -- 3.2.2 Mississippi Fan (Cone) -- 3.2.3 Continental Slope -- 3.2.4 Continental Shelf -- 3.2.4.1 Relict Sediment Cover -- 3.2.4.2 Modern Sediment Cover -- 3.2.5 Coastal Environments -- 3.2.5.1 Beach and Nearshore Zone (Barrier Islands) -- 3.2.5.2 Dunes -- 3.2.5.3 Tidal Inlets -- 3.2.5.4 Wetlands -- 3.2.5.5 Estuaries -- 3.2.5.6 Lagoons -- 3.3 General Characteristics of Sediments -- 3.3.1 Terrigenous Sediments -- 3.3.2 Biogenic Sediments -- 3.3.2.1 Calcium Carbonate -- 3.3.2.2 Phosphate Skeletons -- 3.3.2.3 Siliceous Skeletal Material -- 3.3.3 Chemical Sediments -- 3.3.4 Sediment Grain Size -- 3.3.4.1 Gravel -- 3.3.4.2 Sand -- 3.3.4.3 Silt -- 3.3.4.4 Clay -- 3.3.4.5 Mud -- 3.4 General Sediment Distribution -- 3.4.1 Abyssal Plain -- 3.4.2 Mississippi Fan -- 3.4.3 Continental Slope -- 3.4.4 Continental Shelf -- 3.4.4.1 West Florida Peninsular Gulf -- 3.4.4.2 Florida Panhandle -- 3.4.4.3 Alabama-Mississippi -- 3.4.4.4 Louisiana -- 3.4.4.5 Texas -- 3.4.4.6 Mexico and Cuba -- 3.4.5 Mississippi Delta -- 3.4.6 Beach Sediments -- 3.4.7 Estuaries and Lagoons -- 3.4.7.1 Florida Bay -- 3.4.7.2 Charlotte Harbor.

3.4.7.3 Tampa Bay -- 3.4.7.4 Apalachicola Bay -- 3.4.7.5 Pensacola, East, and Escambia Bays -- 3.4.7.6 Mobile Bay -- 3.4.7.7 Galveston Bay -- 3.4.7.8 Matagorda Bay -- 3.4.7.9 San Antonio Bay -- 3.4.7.10 Aransas and Copano Bays -- 3.4.7.11 Corpus Christi Bay and Nueces Bay -- 3.4.7.12 Baffin Bay -- 3.4.7.13 Laguna Madre -- 3.4.7.14 Lagoons of Mexico and Cuba -- 3.5 Summary -- References -- Chapter 4: Sediment Contaminants of the Gulf of Mexico -- 4.1 Introduction -- 4.1.1 Classes of Contaminants -- 4.1.2 Scope of the Summary -- 4.2 The Origins and Behavior of Contaminants in the Environment -- 4.2.1 The Mississippi River -- 4.2.2 Biological Effects Levels: Usage and Limitations -- 4.3 Coastal Sediments -- 4.3.1 NOAA National Status and Trends Program -- 4.3.2 USEPA Environmental Monitoring and Assessment Program -- 4.3.3 USEPA National Coastal Condition Report I -- 4.3.4 USEPA National Coastal Condition Report II -- 4.3.5 USEPA National Coastal Condition Report III -- 4.3.6 USEPA National Coastal Condition Report IV -- 4.3.7 Gulf of Mexico Bays -- 4.3.8 Temporal Variations -- 4.4 Continental Shelf/Slope and Abyssal Sediments -- 4.4.1 Natural Oil and Gas Seepage -- 4.4.2 Other Contaminants Attributable to Humans -- 4.4.3 Mass Loading of Petroleum Hydrocarbons -- 4.4.4 Temporal Variations -- 4.5 Summary -- References -- Appendix A: Characteristics of Common SVOC Contaminants -- Appendix B: Characteristics of Common Metal Contaminants -- Chapter 5: Oil and Gas Seeps in the Gulf of Mexico -- 5.1 Introduction -- 5.2 History -- 5.2.1 History of Oil and Gas Seeps Worldwide -- 5.2.2 History of Oil and Gas Seeps in the Gulf of Mexico -- 5.3 Prevalence -- 5.4 Petroleum Geology -- 5.4.1 Source Rocks and Petroleum Generation -- 5.4.2 Migration Pathways -- 5.5 Biogeochemistry -- 5.5.1 Chemistry -- 5.5.2 Weathering -- 5.5.3 Biochemistry -- 5.5.4 Geochemistry.

5.6 Terrestrial Environments -- 5.7 Marine Environments -- 5.7.1 Sea-Surface Slicks and Water Column Plumes -- 5.7.2 Seafloor Sediments -- 5.7.3 Gas Hydrate -- 5.7.4 Cold-Seep Communities -- 5.7.5 Exemplar Sites -- 5.8 Summary -- References -- Appendix A: Geochemical Definitions -- Chapter 6: Coastal Habitats of the Gulf of Mexico -- 6.1 Introduction -- 6.2 Physiographic Framework -- 6.2.1 Marine Ecoregions -- 6.2.2 Terrestrial Ecoregions -- 6.3 Physical Setting -- 6.3.1 Formation of the Gulf of Mexico Basin -- 6.3.2 Terrestrial Controls on Coastal Evolution -- 6.3.3 Oceanographic Processes -- 6.3.3.1 Meteorological Conditions -- 6.3.3.2 Tides -- 6.3.3.3 Circulation -- 6.3.3.4 Wind Waves -- 6.3.3.5 Tropical Cyclones -- 6.3.3.6 Relative Sea-Level Rise -- 6.3.4 Shoreline Change and Longshore Sediment Transport -- 6.3.4.1 South Florida Marine Ecoregion -- 6.3.4.2 Northern Gulf of Mexico Marine Ecoregion -- 6.3.4.2.1 Central West Florida Barrier Islands -- 6.3.4.2.2 Big Bend Coastal Marshes -- 6.3.4.2.3 Northeastern Gulf Barrier Islands and Beaches -- 6.3.4.2.4 Mississippi River Deltaic Plain -- 6.3.4.2.5 Mississippi River Chenier Plain -- 6.3.4.2.6 Texas Mid-Coast Barrier Islands -- 6.3.4.2.7 Laguna Madre Barrier Islands -- 6.3.4.2.8 Laguna Morales Barrier Beaches to Barra del Tordo -- 6.3.4.3 Southern Gulf of Mexico Marine Ecoregion -- 6.3.4.3.1 Veracruz Neritic Barrier Shoreline -- 6.3.4.3.2 Tabascan Neritic Rocky and Deltaic Shoreline -- 6.3.4.3.3 Campeche/Yucatn Carbonate Beach -- 6.3.4.4 Caribbean Sea Marine Ecoregion: Cabo Catoche to Cancún -- 6.3.4.5 Greater Antilles Marine Ecoregion: Northwestern Cuba -- 6.4 Biogeographic Setting -- 6.4.1 Introduction to Vegetated Marine Habitats -- 6.4.1.1 The Barrier Strand -- 6.4.1.2 Marine Intertidal Wetlands -- 6.4.1.3 Seagrass Beds -- 6.4.1.4 Intertidal Flats and Subtidal Soft Bottoms.

6.4.2 Depositional Characteristics of Vegetated Marine Habitats -- 6.4.2.1 South Florida/Bahamian Atlantic Marine Ecoregion -- 6.4.2.2 Northern Gulf of Mexico Marine Ecoregion -- 6.4.2.2.1 Southwestern Florida Flatwoods Terrestrial Ecoregion -- 6.4.2.2.2 Big Bend Coastal Marsh Terrestrial Ecoregion -- 6.4.2.2.3 Gulf Barrier Islands and Coastal Marshes Terrestrial Ecoregion -- 6.4.2.2.4 Deltaic Coastal Marshes and Barrier Islands Terrestrial Ecoregion -- 6.4.2.2.5 Texas-Louisiana Coastal Marshes Terrestrial Ecoregion -- 6.4.2.2.6 Mid-Coast Barrier Islands and Coastal Marshes Terrestrial Ecoregion -- 6.4.2.2.7 Laguna Madre Barrier Islands and Coastal Marshes Terrestrial Ecoregion -- 6.4.2.3 Southern Gulf of Mexico Marine Ecoregion -- 6.4.2.3.1 Veracruz Neritic Marine Ecoregion -- 6.4.2.3.2 Tabascan Neritic Marine Ecoregion -- 6.4.2.3.3 Campeche/Yucatn Inner Neritic Marine Ecoregion -- 6.4.2.4 Caribbean Sea Marine Ecoregion -- 6.4.2.4.1 Contoyan Neritic Marine Ecoregion -- 6.4.2.5 Greater Antilles Marine Ecoregion -- 6.4.3 Introduction to Aquatic Fauna of Vegetated Marine Habitats -- 6.4.4 Ecosystem Services and Societal Benefits of Vegetated Marine Habitats -- 6.5 Coastal Habitat Ecology -- 6.5.1 Barrier Strand Habitats -- 6.5.1.1 Dominant Forcing Functions -- 6.5.1.2 Plant Communities and Associated Vegetation -- 6.5.1.3 Fauna: Swash Zone and Shallow Tidal Pass Habitats -- 6.5.1.3.1 Biotic Community Structure -- 6.5.2 Salt Marshes -- 6.5.2.1 Dominant Forcing Functions -- 6.5.2.2 Vegetation -- 6.5.2.2.1 Structure and Zonation -- 6.5.2.2.2 Salt Marsh Zonation and Distribution in the Gulf of Mexico -- 6.5.2.2.3 Salt Marsh Primary Productivity -- 6.5.2.3 Fauna -- 6.5.3 Mangroves -- 6.5.3.1 Dominant Forcing Functions -- 6.5.3.2 Vegetation -- 6.5.3.2.1 Structure and Zonation -- 6.5.3.2.2 Distribution -- 6.5.3.2.3 Primary Productivity -- 6.5.3.3 Fauna.

6.5.4 Phragmites Reed Beds.