Radiation Monitoring and Dose Estimation of the Fukushima Nuclear Accident.

• Author: Takahashi, Sentaro.
• Place / Publishing House: Tokyo : : Springer Japan,, 2014.; ©2014.
• Year of Publication: 2014
• Edition: 1st ed.
• Language: English
• Physical Description: 1 online resource (222 pages)

Table of Contents

Intro -- Foreword I -- Foreword II -- Preface -- Cooperators -- Contents -- Part I: Introduction -- Chapter 1: Outline of the Environmental Monitoring of Tepco's Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant Accident -- 1.1 Introduction -- 1.2 Exposure Pathways -- 1.3 Environmental Monitoring -- 1.4 Conclusion -- References -- Chapter 2: Outline of the Radiation Dose Estimation of Residents After the Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant Accident -- 2.1 Introduction -- 2.2 External Dose Estimation -- 2.3 Internal Dose Estimation -- 2.4 Conclusion -- References -- Part II: Overview -- Chapter 3: Accident of Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant: Sequences, Fission Products Released, Lessons Learned -- 3.1 Introduction -- 3.2 Basic Information -- 3.3 Accident Sequences -- 3.3.1 Before the Tsunami Attack -- 3.3.2 After the Tsunami Attack -- 3.3.3 Accident Sequence of Unit 1 -- 3.3.4 Accident Sequence of Unit 2 -- 3.3.5 Accident Sequence of Unit 3 -- 3.3.6 Spent Fuel Pools -- 3.4 Release of Fission Products -- 3.5 Lessons Learned -- 3.6 Summary -- References -- Chapter 4: Some Comments on Dose Assessment for Members of the Public After the Fukushima Daiichi NPP Accident -- 4.1 Introduction -- 4.2 Implication of Dose Assessment -- 4.3 Radiological Impact of the Fukushima Daiichi Accident -- 4.3.1 Environmental Monitoring -- 4.3.2 Dose Assessment -- 4.3.3 Examples of Dose Assessments in Fukushima Prefecture -- 4.3.3.1 External Dose -- 4.3.3.2 Internal Dose -- 4.3.3.3 Thyroid Dose -- 4.3.4 Some Points Found in the Dose Assessments -- 4.4 Effects of Radiation Exposure of Children -- 4.4.1 Radiation Dose of Children -- 4.4.2 Radiosensitivity of Children -- 4.4.3 Effective Dose Adjusted by Age Weighting Factor for Radiation Protection -- 4.5 Discussion -- References -- Part III: Radiation Survey of the Environment.

Chapter 5: Environmental Radiation Status In and Around Tokyo Immediately After the TEPCO Fukushima Dai-ichi Nuclear Power Plant Disaster -- 5.1 Introduction -- 5.2 Monitoring Activity and Data of Local Governments -- 5.2.1 External Exposure -- 5.2.1.1 Targets and Methods -- 5.2.1.2 Data and Information -- 5.2.2 Internal Exposure -- 5.2.2.1 Targets and Methods -- 5.2.2.2 Data and Information -- 5.3 Monitoring Activity and Data of the University of Tokyo -- 5.3.1 Targets and Methods -- 5.3.2 Data and Information -- Box 5.1 Members of the special corresponding team appointed to survey the environmental radiation status in the University of Tokyo -- 5.4 Conclusion -- References -- Chapter 6: Radiation Survey Along Two Trails in Mt. Fuji to Investigate the Radioactive Contamination Caused by TEPCO's Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Plant Accident -- 6.1 Introduction -- 6.2 Measurements -- 6.3 Results and Discussions -- 6.4 Conclusion -- References -- Chapter 7: Development of a Carborne Survey System, KURAMA -- 7.1 Introduction -- 7.2 KURAMA -- 7.3 KURAMA-II -- 7.4 Current Status and Future Prospects -- References -- Chapter 8: Radiation Measurement in East Japan in 2011 After the Fukushima Nuclear Accident -- 8.1 Introduction -- 8.2 Materials and Methods -- 8.3 Results and Discussion -- 8.3.1 Calibration -- 8.3.2 Air Dose Rate -- 8.3.2.1 Along Tohoku Expressway -- 8.3.2.2 Tohoku Shinkansen -- 8.3.2.3 Fukushima City -- 8.3.2.4 Across Fukushima Prefecture -- 8.3.3 Surface Contamination -- 8.3.4 Radiation Exposure -- 8.4 Conclusion -- References -- Part IV: Environmental Radioactivity -- Chapter 9: Distribution of Plutonium Isotopes in Marine Sediments off Japan Before and After the Fukushima Dai-ichi Nuclear Power Plant Accident: A Review -- 9.1 Introduction -- 9.2 Distribution of Pu Isotopes in the Marine Sediments off Japan Before the Accident.

9.3 Distribution of Pu Isotopes in the Marine Sediments off Japan After the Accident -- 9.3.1 Distribution of Pu Activities and Pu Inventories -- 9.3.2 Pu Atom Ratios -- 9.4 Sources of Pu Isotopes in Marine Sediments in the Western North Pacific off Japan -- 9.4.1 Influence of the FDNPP Accident on Pu Distribution -- 9.4.2 Resolving Global Fallout and PPG Close-In Fallout Pu -- 9.5 Perspectives for Future Study -- References -- Chapter 10: Time Trend Change of Air Dose Rate on Paved Areas in Fukushima City After the Fukushima Daiichi NPP Accident -- 10.1 Introduction -- 10.2 Methods -- 10.2.1 Measurement of the Radioactivity in Surface Soils -- 10.2.2 Dose Rate Distribution Survey -- 10.3 Results -- 10.3.1 Measurement of the Radioactivity in Surface Soils -- 10.3.2 Dose Rate Distribution Survey -- 10.4 Conclusion -- References -- Chapter 11: Observation of Radionuclides in Marine Biota off the Coast of Fukushima Prefecture After TEPCO's Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Station Accident -- 11.1 Introduction -- 11.2 Materials and Methods -- 11.3 Results and Discussion -- 11.4 Conclusion -- References -- Part V: Transfer Models and/or Parameters -- Chapter 12: Evaluating Removal of Radionuclides from Landfill Leachate Using Generally Practiced Wastewater Treatment Processes -- 12.1 Introduction -- 12.2 Materials and Methods -- 12.2.1 Sample Collection -- 12.2.2 Determination of Characteristics of Samples -- 12.2.3 Determination of Physical and Chemical Forms of the Target Elements in Raw Leachate -- 12.3 Results and Discussion -- 12.3.1 Characteristics of the Samples -- 12.3.2 Element Fractionation in the Raw Leachate Sample -- 12.3.3 Element Concentration in Samples at Each Treatment Step -- 12.4 Conclusions -- References -- Chapter 13: Studies on Radiocesium Transfer in Agricultural Plants in Fukushima Prefecture -- 13.1 Objective.

13.2 Effect of Potassium Application on Root Uptake of Radiocesium in Rice -- 13.3 Phytoremediation of Radiocesium in Different Soils Using Cultivated Plants -- References -- Part VI: Source Estimation -- Chapter 14: Investigation of Uncertainty in the Release Rates of 131 I and 137 Cs from Fukushima Dai-ichi NPS Estimated from Environmental Data -- 14.1 Introduction -- 14.2 Methods -- 14.2.1 Release Rate Estimation -- 14.2.2 Atmospheric Dispersion Model -- 14.2.3 Environmental Monitoring Data -- 14.2.4 Calculation Condition -- 14.3 Results and Discussion -- 14.3.1 Simplified Meteorological Condition -- 14.3.2 Actual Meteorological Condition -- 14.3.2.1 Release Rate Estimation -- 14.3.2.2 Sensitivity Analysis on Deposition Parameters -- 14.4 Conclusion -- References -- Chapter 15: Source Term Estimation of 131 I and 137 Cs Discharged from the Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant into the Atmosphere -- 15.1 Introduction -- 15.2 Method -- 15.2.1 Reverse Estimation Method -- 15.2.2 Environmental Monitoring Data -- 15.2.3 Atmospheric Dispersion Simulation -- 15.2.4 Reconstruction of Local Atmospheric Dispersion Process -- 15.2.5 Radionuclides -- 15.3 Results and Discussion -- 15.3.1 Preliminary Source Term Estimation -- 15.3.2 Detailed Analysis on the Local Atmospheric Dispersion Process -- 15.3.3 Reestimation of Source Term for the Early Phase of the Accident -- 15.3.4 Validation of Source Term by the Regional-Scale Atmospheric Dispersion Simulation -- 15.3.5 Formation Processes of 137 Cs Deposition over Eastern Japan -- 15.4 Conclusions -- References -- Part VII: Dose Assessment -- Chapter 16: NIRS's Project for the Reconstruction of Early Internal Dose to Inhabitants in Fukushima After the Nuclear Disaster -- 16.1 Introduction -- 16.2 Measurement Data Collection -- 16.2.1 Human Thyroid Measurements -- 16.2.2 Human Whole-Body (WB) Measurements.

16.2.3 Environmental Measurements -- 16.3 Proposed Methods -- 16.4 Discussion and Future Tasks -- References -- Chapter 17: Internal Radiation Dose of KURRI Volunteers Working at Evacuation Shelters After TEPCO's Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant Accident -- 17.1 Background -- 17.2 Methods -- 17.3 Results -- 17.3.1 Initial Measurement of External Radiation and Internal Radiation Doses of Volunteers -- 17.3.2 Follow-Up Data of Internal Doses for Two Volunteers -- 17.4 Discussion -- References -- Chapter 18: Probabilistic Assessment of Doses to the Public Living in Areas Contaminated by the Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant Accident -- 18.1 Introduction -- 18.2 Method -- 18.2.1 Scope -- 18.2.2 Probabilistic Techniques in Radiation Dose Assessment -- 18.2.3 Models for Assessing Doses from External and Internal Exposures -- 18.2.3.1 External Exposure to Deposited Radionuclides -- 18.2.3.2 External Exposure to the Radioactive Cloud -- 18.2.3.3 Internal Exposure Through Inhalation of Radionuclides -- 18.2.4 Input Monitoring Data of the Surface Activity Density of 137 Cs -- 18.3 Results and Discussion -- 18.3.1 Estimated Effective Doses -- 18.3.1.1 Effective Dose in the First Year After the Contamination Event -- 18.3.1.2 Effective Lifetime Doses -- 18.3.2 Contributions of Different Exposure Pathways -- 18.4 Conclusions -- References -- Chapter 19: Reduction of External Exposure for Residents from the Fukushima Nuclear Accident by Weathering and Decontamination -- 19.1 Introduction -- 19.2 Methods -- 19.3 Results and Discussion -- 19.3.1 Air Dose Rates -- 19.3.2 Personal Dose Equivalent for Residents -- References.