Childlessness in Europe : : Contexts, Causes, and Consequences.

• Superior document: Demographic Research Monographs
• Author: Kreyenfeld, Michaela.
• TeilnehmendeR: Konietzka, Dirk.
• Place / Publishing House: Cham : : Springer International Publishing AG,, 2017.; ©2017.
• Year of Publication: 2017
• Edition: 1st ed.
• Language: English
• Series: Demographic Research Monographs
• Physical Description: 1 online resource (367 pages)

Table of Contents

• Intro
• Preface
• Contents
• Contributors
• Part I: Childlessness in Europe: An Overview
• Chapter 1: Analyzing Childlessness
• 1.1 Introduction
• 1.2 Analyzing Childlessness - Issues and Conceptual Problems
• 1.2.1 Is Childlessness a (Post)Modern Phenomenon?
• 1.2.2 Childlessness Across the Life Course
• 1.3 Patterns, Causes, and Consequences of Childlessness
• Literature
• Chapter 2: Childlessness in Europe: Reconstructing Long-Term Trends Among Women Born in 1900-1972
• 2.1 Introduction
• 2.2 Data and Methods
• 2.2.1 Reliability of Childlessness Estimates
• 2.2.2 Data Sources on Permanent Childlessness: Drawbacks and Advantages
• 2.2.3 Country Coverage, Data, and Assumptions Employed
• 2.3 Long-Term Developments in Childlessness in Europe: Evidence for 30 Countries
• 2.4 Diversity and Contrasts in Childlessness Trends: Countries and Broader European Regions
• 2.5 Discussion and Conclusions
• Appendices
• Appendix 1
• Appendix 2
• Literature
• Part II: Country Studies
• Chapter 3: Childlessness in the UK
• 3.1 Introduction
• 3.1.1 A Continuum of Childlessness
• 3.1.2 Aims of This Chapter
• 3.2 Data Sources
• 3.2.1 Retrospective Fertility Histories from the General Household Survey and the United Kingdom Household Longitudinal Study
• 3.2.2 Prospective Data from 1970 British Birth Cohort
• 3.3 Childlessness Trends in the UK
• 3.3.1 Historical Trend in Childlessness
• 3.3.2 Educational Differentials in Childlessness in the UK
• 3.4 Fertility Intentions and Childlessness
• 3.4.1 Fertility Intentions
• 3.4.2 Fertility Outcomes
• 3.4.3 Partnership Experience and the Likelihood of Achieving Intentions
• 3.5 Reasons for Remaining Childless
• 3.5.1 Work and Careers Not Reported as the Main Reason
• 3.5.2 The Importance of Having a Partner
• 3.6 Discussion
• Appendix
• Literature.
• Chapter 4: Childlessness in France
• 4.1 Introduction
• 4.2 Institutional Framework and Family Policies
• 4.3 Female Employment
• 4.4 Fertility and Ideal Family Size
• 4.5 Childlessness
• 4.5.1 How Is Childlessness Measured in France?
• 4.5.2 Development of Childlessness
• 4.5.3 Differences in Childlessness by Education and Occupation of Women
• 4.5.4 Men and Childlessness
• 4.6 Conclusion
• Literature
• Chapter 5: Childlessness in East and West Germany: Long-Term Trends and Social Disparities
• 5.1 Introduction
• 5.2 Childlessness in German Census and Micro-census Data: Long-Term Trends in Childlessness
• 5.3 Social Disparities in Childlessness
• 5.3.1 Childlessness by Level of Education
• 5.3.2 Childlessness Among Men and Women
• 5.3.3 Pathways to Childlessness
• 5.4 Summary
• Appendix
• Literature
• Chapter 6: Childlessness in Switzerland and Austria
• 6.1 Introduction
• 6.2 Institutional Setting and Data
• 6.2.1 Institutional Setting
• 6.2.2 Data
• 6.3 Childlessness by Socio-economic Characteristics
• 6.3.1 Changing Levels of Childlessness by Birth Cohort
• 6.3.2 Childlessness by Education
• 6.3.3 Childlessness by Religion
• 6.3.4 Childlessness by Country of Birth
• 6.3.5 Geographical Variations in Childlessness and the Process of Concentration
• 6.4 Fertility Intentions
• 6.5 Conclusions and Discussion
• Literature
• Chapter 7: Childlessness in Finland
• 7.1 Introduction
• 7.2 Data and Methods
• 7.2.1 Register Data
• 7.2.2 Survey Data
• 7.3 General Trends in Fertility and Childlessness: Finland as the Northern European Outlier
• 7.4 Increase in Childlessness in Unions
• 7.5 Childlessness Increases Among the Less Educated
• 7.6 Associations of Having a Spouse, Education and Childlessness
• 7.7 Regional and Occupational Effects
• 7.8 Low Voluntary Childlessness
• 7.9 Delays in Planned Childbearing.
• 7.10 Infertility
• 7.11 Conclusions: Many Shades of Childlessness
• Literature
• Chapter 8: Childlessness in the United States
• 8.1 Introduction
• 8.2 Sources of Data
• 8.2.1 The Cohort Fertility Tables
• 8.2.2 The Fertility Supplement of the Current Population Survey
• 8.2.3 The National Survey of Family Growth
• 8.3 Levels of and Trends in Childlessness
• 8.3.1 Cohort Fertility Tables
• 8.3.2 Fertility Supplements of the Current Population Survey
• 8.3.3 The National Surveys of Family Growth (NSFG)
• 8.3.4 Personal Characteristics and Attitudes of Childless Women
• 8.4 Reasons and Motivations for Remaining Childless
• 8.5 Black Childlessness: Trends and Explanations
• 8.6 Epilogue
• Literature
• Part III: Women's Education and Childlessness
• Chapter 9: Education and Childlessness: The Influence of Educational Field and Educational Level on Childlessness among Swedish and Austrian Women
• 9.1 Introduction
• 9.2 Sweden and Austria - Institutional Commonalities and Differences
• 9.2.1 Sweden
• 9.2.2 Austria
• 9.2.3 Sweden and Austria - A Comparison of Their Institutions
• 9.3 Childlessness According to Educational Field and Educational Level in Sweden and in Austria
• 9.3.1 Educational Field and Childlessness
• 9.3.2 Educational Level and Childlessness
• 9.4 Education and Childlessness: Discussion and Conclusions
• 9.4.1 Educational System and Childlessness
• 9.4.2 Education and Labour Market
• Educational Fields of Study That Lead to Jobs in the Public Sector
• Fields of Education That Lead to Feminised Occupations in the Private Sector
• Gender-Mixed Lines of Education with Little Occupational Specialisation
• Gender-Mixed Lines of Education with a High Degree of Occupational Specialisation
• Male-Dominated Lines of Education
• 9.4.3 Choice of Education, Self-Selection, and Social Environment.
• 9.4.4 Education and Childlessness: Should There Be an Individual-Level or an Institutional Approach?
• Literature
• Chapter 10: Childlessness and Fertility Dynamics of Female Higher Education Graduates in Germany
• 10.1 Introduction
• 10.2 Theoretical Basis
• 10.2.1 General Theoretical Assumptions from a Life Course Perspective
• 10.2.2 Specific Assumptions About the Transition to Motherhood Among Female Higher Education Graduates
• 10.3 Data and Methods
• 10.3.1 Data
• 10.3.2 Approach and Method
• 10.3.3 Model Specification
• 10.4 Empirical Findings on the Transition to Motherhood of Higher Education Graduates
• 10.4.1 Family Formation in Different Cohorts
• 10.4.2 Family Formation and Employment History
• 10.5 Summary and Discussion
• Literature
• Part IV: Fertility Ideals, Biographical Decisions and Assisted Reproduction
• Chapter 11: Fertility Ideals of Women and Men Across the Life Course
• 11.1 Introduction
• 11.2 Theoretical Considerations and Prior Findings
• 11.2.1 Previous Findings
• 11.3 Data and Analytical Strategy
• 11.3.1 Method &amp
• Analytical Strategy
• 11.4 Descriptive Results
• 11.5 Multivariate Results
• 11.6 Conclusion
• Literature
• Chapter 12: Childless at Age 30: A Qualitative Study of the Life Course Plans of Working Women in East and West Germany
• 12.1 Introduction
• 12.2 The Legacy of Different Socio-political Systems: Starting a Family in West and in East Germany
• 12.3 Theoretical and Empirical Background
• 12.4 Childless Women from East and West Germany: A Comparison
• 12.4.1 Antje from Rostock: Refusal to Engage in Family Planning: "I Hate Planning"
• 12.4.2 Miriam from Lübeck: Family Planning Based on the Main Breadwinner Model: "I Envision it Like This, That I Will Definitely Stay Home".
• 12.4.3 Kristin from Rostock: Egalitarian Gender Roles and the Impossibility of Reconciling Work and Family Life: "A Great Job and Family-How is that Supposed to Work Out?"
• 12.4.4 Karen from Lübeck: Planning a Family with a Gender-­Related Role Allocation: "It Will be One of Those Modern Relationships, Where the Husband Works Somewhere else During the Week and Comes Home Over the Weekend"
• 12.5 Shared Living Conditions: Differing Conceptions and Behavioral Patterns
• References
• Chapter 13: Assisted Reproductive Technologies in Germany: A Review of the Current Situation
• 13.1 Introduction
• 13.2 Legal Framework and Rules for the Assumption of Costs for ART
• 13.3 Assisted Reproductive Technologies (ART)
• 13.3.1 Intrauterine Insemination (IUI)
• 13.3.2 In Vitro Fertilisation (IVF)
• 13.3.3 Intracytoplasmic Sperm Injection (ICSI)
• 13.3.4 Cryopreservation
• 13.3.5 Temporal Development of ART and Measures of Success
• 13.4 Discussion
• Literature
• Chapter 14: Assisted Reproductive Technology in Europe: Usage and Regulation in the Context of Cross-Border Reproductive Care
• 14.1 Introduction
• 14.2 Usage of Assisted Reproductive Technologies in European Countries
• 14.3 Regulation of Assisted Reproductive Technology in Europe
• 14.4 Cross-Border Reproductive Care in Europe
• 14.5 Discussion
• Literature
• Part V: Consequences of Childlessness
• Chapter 15: What's a (Childless) Man Without a Woman? The Differential Importance of Couple Dynamics for the Wellbeing of Childless Men and Women in the Netherlands
• 15.1 Introduction
• 15.2 Theoretical Background
• 15.2.1 Gendered Benefits of Marriage?
• 15.2.2 Gender Differences in the Importance of Relationship Characteristics
• 15.2.3 Is the Picture Different for Childless Couples?
• 15.3 Method &amp
• Method
• 15.3.1 Data
• 15.3.2 Measures
• 15.3.3 Analytical Approach.
• 15.4 Results.