The Future of the Law of the Sea : : Bridging Gaps Between National, Individual and Common Interests.

• Author: Andreone, Gemma.
• Place / Publishing House: Cham : : Springer International Publishing AG,, 2017.; ©2017.
• Year of Publication: 2017
• Edition: 1st ed.
• Language: English
• Physical Description: 1 online resource (278 pages)

Table of Contents

Intro -- Foreword -- Scope and Aim of the Volume -- Peer Review Process -- Funding Institutions -- COST Action IS 1105 -- Contents -- List of Contributors -- Part I: The Equitable and Sustainable Exploitation of Marine Environment and of Its Resources -- Adapting to Sea Level Rise: A Law of the Sea Perspective -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Legal Implication of Sea Level Rise on Baselines from Which Maritime Limits and Boundaries Are Determined -- 2.1 General Description of Maritime Zones -- 2.2 Each Maritime Zone Is Measured from Lines Joining Appropriate Points on Land: Baselines -- 2.2.1 The Establishment of Baselines Under UNCLOS: Relevant Provisions -- Normal Baselines -- Straight Baselines -- 2.2.2 Baselines in Establishing Maritime Limits and in Drawing Maritime Boundary -- Maritime Limits -- Maritime Delimitation -- 2.3 Baselines Would Naturally Change Because of Sea Level Rise -- 2.3.1 When Baselines Shift Landward -- 2.3.2 When Base Points Are Situated on Disappeared Island and Low-Tide Elevation -- 3 Potential Responses to Baseline Alteration and Base Point Disappearance -- 3.1 The Practical Implications of the Use of Shifting Baselines -- 3.2 Toward the Preservation of Baselines and Its Practical Implications -- 4 Conclusion -- References -- The Common Fisheries Policy: A Difficult Compromise Between Relative Stability and the Discard Ban -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Origin and Enshrining of Relative Stability -- 2.1 Origin of Relative Stability -- 2.2 Enshrining Relative Stability -- 3 The Nature of Relative Stability -- 3.1 Future Predictability -- 3.2 The States as Beneficiaries of Relative Stability -- 3.3 Allocation Formula Contained in the Derived Legislation -- 4 The Discard Ban -- 4.1 Relative Stability and Discards -- 4.2 The Landing Obligation -- 4.3 Use of National Quotas -- 5 Final Considerations -- References.

Some Recent Questions Regarding the European Unionś Public Access Fisheries Agreements -- 1 Introduction -- 2 The European Commissionś Competence to Represent the EU Before the ITLOS -- 3 The Scope of the Public Access Fisheries Agreements -- 4 Some Aspects Arising from the Application of the Fishing Agreement Signed by the EU and Morocco and Its Successive Protocols -- 5 Final Remarks -- References -- The Protection of Biodiversity in the Framework of the Common Fisheries Policy: What Room for the Shared Competence? -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Interaction with the Marine Strategy Framework Directive and the Natura 2000 Network: Interpretation of Art. 11 of Regulatio... -- 2.1 The Geographical Scope -- 2.2 The Substantive Scope: The MPAs. The Complementary Effect of the MSFD with Regard to the Habitats Directive -- 2.3 The Prescriptive Competence of the Coastal Member State. Grounds and Solutions for an Interpretation of Art. 11 Consistent... -- 2.3.1 The Prescriptive Competence of the Coastal Member State: Fishing Vessels Flying Its Flag -- 2.3.2 The Prescriptive Competence of the Coastal Member State: Fishing Vessels Flying the Flag of Other Member States or Third... -- 3 Beyond Art. 11: The Contribution of Other Provisions for the Protection of Marine Biodiversity -- 3.1 Scope of Art. 20: Conservation Measures Adopted by the Coastal Member State in the 12 Nautical Mile Zone -- 3.1.1 Twelve Nautical Mile Zone: Fishing Vessels Flying the Flag of the Coastal Member State -- 3.1.2 Twelve Nautical Mile Zone: Fishing Vessels Flying the Flag of Other Member States -- 3.2 Scope of Art. 19: Conservation Measures Adopted by the Coastal Member State Applicable to Fishing Vessels Flying Its Flag ... -- 4 Concluding Remarks: Balance and Tension Between Exclusive and Shared Competences -- References -- Marine Scientific Research: Taking Stock and Looking Ahead.

1 Introduction -- 2 The MSR Legal Regime -- 2.1 From Geneva to Montego Bay: A Brief Legislative History -- 2.2 Current Regime Under UNCLOS: Consent v. Freedom -- 3 From Theory to Practice: Implementing the MSR Regime -- 3.1 Where? The Spatial Dimension -- 3.2 Which Activities Fall Under MSR? The Functional Dimension -- 3.3 Who Is Involved? The Unexplored Duty of Cooperation -- 4 Conclusion -- References -- Protecting Arctic Ocean Marine Biodiversity in the Area Beyond National Jurisdiction -- 1 Introduction -- 2 The Arctic Ocean: A Critical Intersection of Competing and Common Interests -- 2.1 The Ilulissat Declaration: Reaffirming the Law of the Sea and Arctic Council Amid New Challenges -- 2.2 Changing Tides: The Inclusion of Non-Arctic States as Arctic Council Observers -- 2.3 Heightened Industry-Caused Pressure on Marine Species -- 3 Need for Arctic Marine Protected Areas -- 4 The Arctic Councilś State-Led Pathway for MPA Creation -- 5 Arctic Sanctuary: Demand for an Antarctic Model Treaty -- 6 Looking to the High Arctic: Legal Obligation for MPAs in ABNJs -- 6.1 United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS) Implementing Agreement -- 6.2 United Nations Convention on Biological Diversity (UNCBD) Additional Protocol -- 6.3 A Regional Arrangement -- 7 Conclusion: A Regional Arrangement in Wait of a Formal Legal Framework -- References -- The Environmental Legal Framework for the Development of Blue Energy in Europe -- 1 Introduction -- 2 The Impact of the Law of the Sea: Maritime Safety Issues -- 3 The Integration of Ocean Energy in Maritime Spatial Plans -- 4 Environmental Impact Assessment -- 4.1 At the EU Level -- 4.2 In a Cross-Border Context: The Obligation of Due Diligence -- 5 Protection of Flora and Fauna -- 6 Marine Environmental Protection -- 7 Final Remarks -- References.

The Black Sea and Blue Energy: Challenges, Opportunities and the Role of the European Union -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Sustainable Development and Blue Energy: From a Universal Strategy to That of the European Union -- 3 Sources of Marine Renewable Energies and Adequacy in the Case of the Black Sea -- 3.1 Kinds of Marine Renewable Energies -- 3.2 Marine Renewable Energies and the Black Sea -- 4 The European Union and Blue Energy in the Black Sea -- 5 The Main Challenges in the Black Sea Basin that the European Union Can Help to Overcome -- 6 Conclusion -- References -- Part II: The National and International Response to Maritime Crimes -- Exploring the Ambiguity of Operation Sophia Between Military and Search and Rescue Activities -- 1 Introduction -- 2 The Engagement of the EU in SAR Activities: A Missed Opportunity -- 2.1 Frontex Joint Operations -- 2.2 The Novel EU Engagement in Operation Sophia -- 3 Enforcement Jurisdiction Against Vessels Suspected of Migrant Smuggling and Human Trafficking and the Difficult Transition t... -- 3.1 On the High Seas -- 3.2 In Territorial Waters -- 3.2.1 The UN Security Council Resolution -- 3.2.2 The Consent of Libya -- 4 Between the Need and the Obligation to Turn into a Rescue Scheme -- 5 The Search for Clarity on the Place of Safety -- 5.1 On the High Seas -- 5.2 In the Libyan Territorial Sea -- 6 Concluding Remarks -- References -- Private Maritime Security Contractors and Use of Lethal Force in Maritime Domain -- 1 Introduction -- 2 The Shifting Nature of Maritime Security -- 3 Use of Force, Regulation, and Consequences: General Overview -- 3.1 Prelude to Precedent -- 3.2 Use of Force -- 3.2.1 Right to Self-Defense -- 3.2.2 Relevant Maritime-Related National Legislation and Guidelines -- 3.2.3 Excessive Self-Defense and Putative Self-Defense -- 3.2.4 Assessment of Reasonable Conduct.

3.3 Standards, Guidelines, and Recommendations -- 3.3.1 IMO Interim Guidance -- 3.3.2 BIMCO Guidance and GUARDCON -- 3.3.3 The 100 Series Rules -- 3.3.4 IAMSP-2011-01-UOF-001 v2.0 -- 3.4 Open Issues -- 3.4.1 Present and Imminent Attack -- 3.4.2 Reasonability and Proportionality vs. Extreme Circumstances -- 3.4.3 Conclusion -- References -- Journals and Articles -- Books and Chapters -- Cases -- Legal Documents -- Other -- United Nations Authorized Embargos and Maritime Interdiction: A Special Focus on Somalia -- 1 Introduction -- 2 The History of UN Security Council Authorized Maritime Interdictions -- 2.1 Material Scope -- 2.2 Innocent Passage -- 2.3 Other Aspects of the Geographical Application of the Libyan Embargo -- 2.4 The Authorization to Use Force -- 3 Somalia -- 3.1 General Aspects -- 3.2 The Reach of the Enforcement Authority Granted in UNSC Res. 2182 -- 4 Challenges -- 4.1 General Issues -- 4.2 To Whom the Honor? -- 4.3 Flag State Consent -- 4.4 Detention of Persons -- 4.5 Seizure and Disposal -- 5 Conclusions -- References -- Journals and Articles -- Books and Chapters -- Online Publications -- Other -- The Right of Innocent Passage: The Challenge of the Proliferation Security Initiative and the Implications for the Territorial... -- 1 Introduction -- 2 The Demilitarisation of the Åland Islands -- 3 An Overview of the Proliferation Security Initiative -- 3.1 Scope of the UNSC Resolutions -- 4 Legal Problems with the PSI and the Right of Innocent Passage -- 5 Interdictions by Participants in Their Territorial Sea -- 5.1 Sovereignty and Jurisdiction of Coastal States -- 5.2 The Right of Innocent Passage -- 5.3 The Territorial Waters of the Åland Islands -- 5.4 Article 25 of UNCLOS -- 5.5 Criminal Jurisdiction in the Territorial Sea -- 6 Concluding Observations -- References -- Case.