Digital Video Concepts, Methods, and Metrics : : Quality, Compression, Performance, and Power Trade-Off Analysis.

• Author: Akramullah, Shahriar.
• Place / Publishing House: Berkeley, CA : : Apress L. P.,, 2014.; ©2014.
• Year of Publication: 2014
• Edition: 1st ed.
• Language: English
• Physical Description: 1 online resource (359 pages)

Table of Contents

• Intro
• Contents at a Glance
• Contents
• About the Author
• About the Technical Reviewer
• Acknowledgments
• Preface
• Chapter 1: Introduction
• The Key Concepts
• Digital Video
• Video Data Compression
• Noise Reduction
• Visual Quality
• Performance
• Power Consumption
• Video Compression Considerations
• Varying Uses
• Conflicting Requirements
• Hardware vs. Software Implementations
• Tradeoff Analysis
• Benchmarks and Standards
• Challenges and Opportunities
• The Outcomes of Tradeoff Analysis
• Emerging Video Applications
• Summary
• Chapter 2: Digital Video Compression Techniques
• Network Limits and Compression
• The Human Visual System
• The HVS Models
• The First Approximation Model
• Refined Model Including Nonlinearity
• The Model Implications
• The Model Applications
• Expoliting the HVS
• An Overview of Compression Techniques
• Data Structures and Concepts
• Signals and Sampling
• Common Terms and Notions
• Chroma Subsampling
• 4:4:4 to 4:2:0
• Reduction of Redundancy
• Spatial Redundancy
• Temporal Redundancy
• Statistical Redundancy
• Entropy Coding
• Huffman Coding
• Arithmetic Coding
• Compression Techniques: Cost-benefit Analysis
• Transform Coding Techniques
• Discrete Cosine Transform
• Quantization
• Walsh-Hadamard and Other Transforms
• Predictive Coding Techniques
• Lossless Predictive Coding
• Lossy Predictive Coding
• Lossy DPCM
• Temporal Prediction
• Additional Coding Techniques
• Vector Quantization
• Subband Coding
• Rate-Distortion Theory
• Lossy Compression Aspects
• Summary
• Chapter 3: Video Coding Standards
• Overview of International Video Coding Standards
• JPEG
• H.261
• MPEG-1
• MPEG-2
• H.263
• MPEG-4 (Part 2)
• AVC
• Profile and Level
• Picture Structure
• Coding Algorithm
• Intra Prediction
• Inter Prediction.
• Transform and Quantization
• Entropy Coding
• Flexible Interlaced Coding
• In-Loop Deblocking
• Error Resilience
• HEVC
• Picture Parititioning and Structure
• Profiles and Levels
• Intra Prediction
• Inter Prediction
• Motion Vector Prediction
• Motion Compensation
• Entropy Coding
• In-loop Deblocking and SAO
• Parallel Processing Syntax and Tools
• Tiles
• Wavefront Parallel Processing
• Slice Segments and Dependent Slices
• International Standards for Video Quality
• VQEG Standards
• IEEE Standard 1180-1990
• Overview of Other Industry Standards and Formats
• VC-1
• VP8
• VP9
• Picture Partitioning
• Bitstream Features
• Residual Coding
• Intra Prediction
• Inter Prediction
• Loop Filter
• Segmentation
• Summary
• Chapter 4: Video Quality Metrics
• Compression Loss, Artifacts, and Visual Quality
• Compression Loss: Quantization Noise
• Quantization of Samples
• Frequency Quantization
• Color Quantization
• Common Artifacts
• Blurring Artifact
• Block Boundary Artifact
• Ringing Artifact
• Aliasing Artifacts
• Jaggies
• Moiré Pattern
• Flickering Artifacts
• Jerkiness
• Telecine Judder
• Other Image Artifacts
• Corruption due to Transmission Error
• Image Noise
• Factors Affecting Visual Quality
• Video Quality Evaluation Methods and Metrics
• Subjective Video Quality Evaluation
• Subjective Quality Evaluation Methods and Metrics
• Absolute Category Rating
• Degradation Category Rating
• Comparison Category Rating
• SAMVIQ
• MOS
• Objective Video Quality Evaluation Methods and Metrics
• Classification of Objective Video Quality Metrics
• Full Reference
• Reduced Reference
• No Reference
• Error Sensitivity Based Approaches
• General Framework
• Limitations
• Peak Signal-to-Noise Ratio
• Applications
• Advantages
• Limitations
• Improvements on PSNR.
• Moving Picture Quality Metric
• Structural Similarity Based Approaches
• Structural Similarity Index
• Information Fidelity Based Approaches
• Visual Information Fidelity
• Spatio-Temporal Approaches
• Spatio-Temporal Video SSIM
• Saliency Based Approaches
• Saliency-based Video Quality Assessment
• Network-Aware Approaches
• Modified PSNR
• Noise-Based Quality Metrics
• Noise Quality Measure
• Objective Coding Efficiency Metrics
• BD-PSNR, BD-SSIM, BD-Bitrate
• Advantages
• Limitations
• Generalized BD-PSNR
• Limitations
• Examples of Standards-based Measures
• Video Quality Metric
• ITU-T G.1070 and G.1070E
• ITU-T P.1202.2
• Measurement of Video Quality
• Subjective Measurements
• Objective Measurements and Their Applications
• Parameters to Tune
• Parameters that Impact Video Quality
• Tradeoff Opportunities
• Summary
• Chapter 5: Video Coding Performance
• CPU Speed and its Limits
• Motivation for Improvement
• Performance Considerations
• Maximum Resource Utilization
• Resource Specialization
• Video Parameters Tuning
• Factors Determining Encoding Speed
• System Configurations
• The Nature of Workloads
• Encoding Tools and Parameters
• Independent data units
• GOP structure
• Bit rate control
• Multiple reference pictures
• R-D Lagrangian optimization
• Frame/field mode for interlaced video
• Adaptive deblocking filter
• Video Complexity and Formats
• GPU-based Acceleration Opportunities
• Performance Optimization Approaches
• Algorithmic Optimization
• Fast Algorithms
• Fast Transforms
• Fast Intra Prediction
• Fast Motion Estimation
• Fast Mode Decision
• Fast Entropy Coding
• Parallelization Approaches
• Data Partitioning
• Task Parallelization
• Pipelining
• Data Parallelization
• Instruction Parallelization
• Multithreading
• Vectorization
• Compiler and Code Optimization.
• Compiler optimization
• Code optimization
• Overclocking
• Performance Bottlenecks
• Performance Measurement and Tuning
• Considerations
• Performance Metrics
• Tools and Applications
• V Tune Amplifier
• GPUView
• Summary
• Chapter 6: Power Consumption by Video Applications
• Power Consumption and Its Limits
• Media Workloads on Consumer Platforms
• Media Usages
• Power-Aware Designs
• Power-Management Considerations
• ACPI and Power Management
• ACPI Power States
• Global States
• Device States
• Power Management by the Operating System
• Linux Power Management
• The X Window
• Window Managers
• Intel Embedded Graphics Driver
• Windows Power Management
• Power Requirements
• Power Policy
• The Windows Driver Model
• The Windows Driver Framework
• Device Power Management in Windows 8
• Dealing with Power Requests
• Power Management by the Processor
• CPU States ( C -states)
• Performance States ( P -states)
• Turbo
• Thermal States ( T -States)
• The Voltage-Frequency Curve
• Power Optimizations
• Architectural Optimization
• Hardware-Software Partitioning
• Dynamic Voltage and Frequency Scaling
• Power Gating
• Clock Gating
• Slice Gating
• Use of Low-level Cache
• Algorithmic Optimization
• Computational Complexity Reduction
• Selecting Efficient Data types
• Code Parallelization and Optimization
• Memory Transfer Reduction
• System Integration Optimization
• System Operating Point on the P-F Curve
• Intelligent Scheduling
• Duty Cycle Reduction
• Application-Level Optimization
• Context Awareness by the Application
• Applications Seeking User Intervention
• Power Measurement
• Methodology
• AC Power Measurement
• DC Power Measurement
• Considerations in Power Measurement
• Tools and Applications
• An Example DC Power-Measurement System
• Software Tools and Applications
• PowerTop.
• PowerCfg
• PwrTest
• Perfmon and Xperf
• Joulemeter
• Intel Power Gadget
• Intel Power Checker
• Intel Battery Life Analyzer
• Intel Graphics Performance Analyzer
• GPU-Z and HWiNFO
• Power Virus
• Summary
• Chapter 7: Video Application Power Consumption on Low-Power Platforms
• The Priorities for Low-Power Devices
• Typical Media Usage on Low-Power Platforms
• Video Playback and Browsing
• Video Recording
• Video Delivery over Wireless Display and Miracast
• Videophone or Videoconferencing
• System Low-Power States
• Drawbacks of the ACPI Simple Model
• Connected Standby and Standby States
• Combination of Low-Power States
• Power Management on Low-Power Platforms
• Special Hardware for Power Management
• Power Management Circuits
• Power-Management Controller
• Display Power Management
• Panel Self-Refresh
• Display Power-Saving Technology
• Content-Adaptive Backlight Control
• Ambient Light Sensor
• Low-Power Platform Considerations
• Software Design
• Intelligent Power Awareness
• Quality Requirements
• Hardware-Accelerated Blocks
• Energy-Efficient User Interfaces
• Code Density and Memory Footprint
• Optimization of Data Transfer
• Parallel and Batch Processing
• Architectural Matters
• Combined System Components
• Optimized Hardware and Software Interaction
• Migrating the Workload from General-Purpose to Fixed-Purpose Hardware
• Power Sharing Between the CPU and the GPU
• Using Low-Power Core, Uncore, and Graphics
• Power reduction of RAM/ROM periphery and core array
• Reduce V DD during sleep mode to manage leakage
• Independent memory bank collapse for large high-density memories
• Advanced low-power clocking and clock tree optimization
• Clock domain partitioning
• Independent frequency clock domains
• Fine-grained tuning of clock gating
• Using Power Domains or Power Islands.
• Independent voltage scaling for active and sleep modes.